Thesis (Ph. D.)--Oregon State University, 2007. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the World Wide Web.

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Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-10T14:22:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-08-19. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-12-10T14:29:00Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000852064.pdf: 2526744 bytes, checksum: 16df21b726419838d46308263040a81f (MD5) / A disponibilidade de água e nutrientes são os fatores abióticos que tem maior influência no crescimento de plantações nos trópicos. O projeto BEPP estabeleceu no ano 2001 uma rede experimental instalada em oito locais do Brasil, cujo objetivo foi determinar as taxas de crescimento potencial em plantações de eucalipto quando as limitações nutricionais e hídricas são removidas. A unidade florestal da empresa Vallourec incorporou-se ao projeto no ano 2005, estabelecendo na região de Bocaiúva (MG) dois experimentos compostos por quatro clones de interesse comercial. O primeiro foi estabelecido seguindo um esquema fatorial 2x2, avaliando dois níveis de disponibilidade hídrica (controle e irrigado) e de fertilização (tradicional e extra). No segundo, avaliou-se a influência da disponibilidade hídrica no crescimento incorporando mais um tratamento: redução da água de chuva, e mantendo as doses de fertilização da empresa. Dados climáticos foram extraídos da estação meteorológica Carbonita (INMET) localizada na região. Para atingir os objetivos do trabalho, foi desenvolvida uma equação para o cálculo de matéria seca do fuste com base na cubagem rigorosa feita em 2013. Através de técnicas de sensoriamento remoto foi feito o processamento de imagens do satélite LANDSAT 5 TM+ e LANDSAT 7 ETM+ estimando o Índice de Vegetação da Diferença Normalizada (NDVI) e o Índice de Área Foliar (IAF) mensal para cada tratamento no período entre 2007 e 2008. Tratamentos com irrigação apresentaram incrementos de 62% em matéria seca quando comparados com o tratamento controle. A fertilização extra não influenciou o crescimento, indicando que as demandas nutricionais foram supridas com a fertilização da empresa. No Experimento 1, não houve diferenças significativas no IAF entre tratamentos. No Experimento 2, a diminuição de 16% do IAF do tratamento com redução da água de ... / The availability of water and nutrients are the abiotic factors that have most influence on the growth of plantations in the tropics. The BEPP project established in 2001 an experimental network installed in eight locations in Brazil, aimed to determining the potential growth rates in eucalyptus plantations when the nutritional and water limitations are removed. The forest department of the company Vallourec joined the project in 2005, establishing in the region of Bocaiúva (MG) two experiments, including four clones of commercial interest. The first experiment was established following a 2x2 factorial design, evaluating two levels of water availability (control and irrigated) and fertilization (traditional and extra). The second experiment evaluated the influence of water availability incorporating one more treatment: reduction of rainwater, while kept the traditional doses of fertilizer of the company. Climatic data were obtained from the meteorological station Carbonita (INMET) located in the region. In order to achieve the objectives of this study, biomass equations were developed based on cubing. Through remote sensing techniques, we analyzed and processed de satellite images from LANDSAT 5 TM + and LANDSAT 7 ETM +; estimating the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the Leaf Area Index (LAI) for each month, during 2007 and 2008. Irrigation treatments showed increases of 62% dry matter when compared to the control treatment. Extra doses of fertilization did not influence growth, indicating that the nutritional demands were satisfied with the traditional fertilization rate of the company. Experiment 1 did not registered significant differences in LAI between treatments. In Experiment 2, a decrease of 16% of the LAI showed in the irrigated plots, generated 23% of losses in timber growing. The light use efficiency (LUE) varied between 0.72 and 0.73 g MJ-1 in the treatments without ...

Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-10T14:24:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-07-23. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-12-10T14:30:13Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000853466.pdf: 2212764 bytes, checksum: 6ea864fff62b86f1cb16c09b6db7ca80 (MD5) / A adubação por meio de resíduos celulósicos utilizada em sistemas silviculturais de eucalipto é uma excelente prática conservacionista do solo, uma vez que proporciona economia de fertilizantes, é descompactante, restabelece boas condições químicas, físicas e biológicas e, sobretudo, aumenta a produtividade da madeira, além de evitar que esses resíduos sejam depositados em locais inadequados. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a variabilidade espacial da produtividade individual das árvores de Eucalyptus urograndis em função dos atributos de um Neossolo Quartzarênico com vistas a evidenciar zonas específicas de manejo no intuito de utilizar o resíduo da extração de celulose na forma de fertilizantes de maneira sustentável ao ambiente. No ano de 2014, na área experimental da Fazenda Bom Retiro de propriedade da Eldorado Brasil Celulose localizada no município de Três Lagoas, situada nas condições do Cerrado Brasileiro foram instaladas 3 malhas experimentais contendo 50 pontos amostrais totalizando 1 ha cada malha experimental. Foram analisadas as correlações lineares e espaciais, entre planta e solo com vistas a evidenciar zonas específicas de manejo no intuito de retornar os resíduos de celulose na forma de fertilizantes de maneira sustentável ao ambiente. Os atributos avaliados da planta foram a altura (ALT) e o diâmetro à altura do peito (DAP). Os atributos do solo foram resistência do solo à penetração (RP), umidade gravimétrica (UG), teores de Areia, Silte, Argila, fósforo (P), matéria orgânica (MO), valores de potencial hidrogeniônico (pH), teores de potássio (K + ), cálcio (Ca 2+ ), magnésio (Mg 2+ ), alumínio (Al 3+ ), valores de soma de bases (SB) e capacidade de troca catiônica (CTC), coletados nas profundidades de 0,00-0,20 e 0,20-0,40 m. A análise estatística foi compreendida da análise descritiva inicial dos atributos, análise das correlações lineares, espaciais e temporais entre... / The fertilization using cellulosic waste used in eucalyptus forestry systems is a great soil conservation practice, since it provides fertilizer saving is descompactante restores good chemical, physical and biological conditions and, above all, increases the productivity of the timber, and prevents waste is deposited in inappropriate places. The objective of this study was to evaluate the spatial variability of individual productivity of Eucalyptus urograndis trees according to the attributes of a Entisol Typic soil in order to highlight specific management zones in order to use the residue of cellulose extraction as sustainably fertilizers to the environment. In 2014, in the experimental area of the Bom Retiro Farm's owned by Eldorado Celulose Brazil in the city of Três Lagoas, located in the Brazilian Cerrado conditions were installed three experimental mesh containing 50 sampling grids totaling 1 ha each experimental grid. Linear and spatial correlations were examined between the plant and the soil in order to highlight specific management areas in order to return the cellulose waste as fertilizer to sustainably environment. While the studied plant attributes were height (Hei), diameter at chest hight (DCH), and wood volume (VOL). Soil attributes were mechanical resistance to penetration (RP), gravimetric moisture (GM), sand, silt, clay, phosphorus (P), organic matter (OM), hydrogen potential (pH), potassium (K + ), calcium (Ca 2+ ), magnesium (mg 2+ ), aluminum (Al 3+ ), sum of bases (SB) and cation exchange capacity (CEC), collected from 0 to 0.20 and 0.20 to 0.40 m depth. Statistical analysis was comprised of: initial descriptive analysis of the attributes, analysis of linear correlation, spatial and temporal between them and the geostatistic analysis, in order, highlight conditions that provide increased productivity of place forests through fertilization held the cellulosic waste. The phosphorus, organic matter and ...

Orientador: Rafael Montanari / Co-orientador: Marcelo Carvalho Minhoto Teixeira Filho / Banca: Marcelo Andreotti / Banca: Zigomar Menezes de Souza / Resumo: A adubação por meio de resíduos celulósicos utilizada em sistemas silviculturais de eucalipto é uma excelente prática conservacionista do solo, uma vez que proporciona economia de fertilizantes, é descompactante, restabelece boas condições químicas, físicas e biológicas e, sobretudo, aumenta a produtividade da madeira, além de evitar que esses resíduos sejam depositados em locais inadequados. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a variabilidade espacial da produtividade individual das árvores de Eucalyptus urograndis em função dos atributos de um Neossolo Quartzarênico com vistas a evidenciar zonas específicas de manejo no intuito de utilizar o resíduo da extração de celulose na forma de fertilizantes de maneira sustentável ao ambiente. No ano de 2014, na área experimental da Fazenda Bom Retiro de propriedade da Eldorado Brasil Celulose localizada no município de Três Lagoas, situada nas condições do Cerrado Brasileiro foram instaladas 3 malhas experimentais contendo 50 pontos amostrais totalizando 1 ha cada malha experimental. Foram analisadas as correlações lineares e espaciais, entre planta e solo com vistas a evidenciar zonas específicas de manejo no intuito de retornar os resíduos de celulose na forma de fertilizantes de maneira sustentável ao ambiente. Os atributos avaliados da planta foram a altura (ALT) e o diâmetro à altura do peito (DAP). Os atributos do solo foram resistência do solo à penetração (RP), umidade gravimétrica (UG), teores de Areia, Silte, Argila, fósforo (P), matéria orgânica (MO), valores de potencial hidrogeniônico (pH), teores de potássio (K + ), cálcio (Ca 2+ ), magnésio (Mg 2+ ), alumínio (Al 3+ ), valores de soma de bases (SB) e capacidade de troca catiônica (CTC), coletados nas profundidades de 0,00-0,20 e 0,20-0,40 m. A análise estatística foi compreendida da análise descritiva inicial dos atributos, análise das correlações lineares, espaciais e temporais entre... / Abstract: The fertilization using cellulosic waste used in eucalyptus forestry systems is a great soil conservation practice, since it provides fertilizer saving is descompactante restores good chemical, physical and biological conditions and, above all, increases the productivity of the timber, and prevents waste is deposited in inappropriate places. The objective of this study was to evaluate the spatial variability of individual productivity of Eucalyptus urograndis trees according to the attributes of a Entisol Typic soil in order to highlight specific management zones in order to use the residue of cellulose extraction as sustainably fertilizers to the environment. In 2014, in the experimental area of the Bom Retiro Farm's owned by Eldorado Celulose Brazil in the city of Três Lagoas, located in the Brazilian Cerrado conditions were installed three experimental mesh containing 50 sampling grids totaling 1 ha each experimental grid. Linear and spatial correlations were examined between the plant and the soil in order to highlight specific management areas in order to return the cellulose waste as fertilizer to sustainably environment. While the studied plant attributes were height (Hei), diameter at chest hight (DCH), and wood volume (VOL). Soil attributes were mechanical resistance to penetration (RP), gravimetric moisture (GM), sand, silt, clay, phosphorus (P), organic matter (OM), hydrogen potential (pH), potassium (K + ), calcium (Ca 2+ ), magnesium (mg 2+ ), aluminum (Al 3+ ), sum of bases (SB) and cation exchange capacity (CEC), collected from 0 to 0.20 and 0.20 to 0.40 m depth. Statistical analysis was comprised of: initial descriptive analysis of the attributes, analysis of linear correlation, spatial and temporal between them and the geostatistic analysis, in order, highlight conditions that provide increased productivity of place forests through fertilization held the cellulosic waste. The phosphorus, organic matter and ... / Mestre

Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Extensive areas of Sitka spruce plantations established during the last 15 years on the CH-phase of the salal-moss ecosystem association on northern Vancouver Island are presently exhibiting symptoms of severe chlorosis and growth check. Investigations into the poor performance of these plantations are described in this thesis. Comparisons of the soil nutrient levels between this poorly productive CH-phase and the adjacent highly productive HA-phase were made. In addition, fertilization screening trials were established in order to identify possible limiting nutrients and determine the potential responsiveness of Sitka spruce to fertilization. Soil samples were collected over an age sequence of cutovers from both phases in order to compare differences in the soil nutrient status and to determine the effects of time since harvesting on N mineralization rates. Significantly greater amounts of total and available P and total, KC1 extractable, and mineralizable N (p=.01) were found in the mineral soil and humus of the HA-phase. The mineral soil of the HA-phase also had significantly higher (p=.05) concentrations of exchangeable K. In addition, this phase had a significantly lower (p=.01) C/N ratio. Although significant differences were noted in the mineral nutrient composition of the two phases, in all cases (with the possible exception of mineralizable N), the absolute differences between the two phases did not appear large enough to account for the dramatic differences in productivity. Harvesting plus slashburning appears to have had little effect on the rates of N mineralization in the humus or mineral soil of the HA-phase. However, in the CH-phase harvesting plus slashburning has had a significant influence on the mineralization rates of the humus but not of the mineral soil. Harvesting initially resulted in a significant (p=.05) increase in the mineralization rates, however, within five years they returned to levels comparable to that of the control. Fertilization screening trials were established in five Sitka spruce plantations ranging in age from 8 to 14 years. All plantations were growing on the CH-phase and were exhibiting symptoms of chlorosis and growth check. Changes in the first-year needle dry-weight, needle nutrient composition, and leader growth were monitored. Treatments for these trials consisted of a N, P, K factorial experiment, and one separate treatment of a complete nutrient mixture. Each treatment was replicated seven times in each of the five plantations. N or N plus K fertilization resulted in a 10% increase in needle dry-weight and a 25 to 30% increase in first-year leader growth response over that of the control. P fertilization had a strong synergistic effect and when added in combination with N or N plus K resulted in a needle dry-weight increase of 40 to 41% and a leader growth increase of 78 to 83%. A limited sample of naturally occurring hemlock in some of the plots exhibited similar trends, although leader growth increases were somewhat greater. Fertilization with P and K, alone or together, had no effect on leader growth or needle weight despite the severe deficiencies of these two elements. However, P had a positive influence on the uptake of N, K, Ca and Mg, whereas K positively affected Ca and depressed Mg. After N fertilization, foliar N concentrations increased dramatically, ranging from a mean of 3.2% for the lowest (200 kg N/ha) application rate to 4.1% for the highest (400 kg N/ha) application rate. The high foliar N concentrations had a significant negative influence on foliar K concentrations. This decline in K concentrations could only partially be attributed to a growth dilution effect and occurred whether or not K was added. A similar effect on P, Ca or Mg was not noted. The high N concentrations also appeared to have had a negative influence on both needle weight and leader growth as there was a tendency for the response of both to decline as N concentrations increased. There were significant differences in both leader growth and needle weight responses between some of the plantations, but treatments receiving both N and P fertilizers consistently gave the greatest responses. The individual treatment, however, which gave the greatest and most consistent overall response was that containing all macro- and micro-nutrients. Results from this study indicate that the poor performance of Sitka spruce plantations established on the CH-phase of the salal-moss ecosystem is partially due to a severe N and P deficiency. These deficiencies are associated with the complete invasion of these cutovers by salal. It has also been shown that the Sitka spruce in these plantations would be highly responsive to N and P fertilization. Although K does not appear to limit growth and no apparent benefits were gained from K fertilization, a severe N induced K deficiency is likely. / Forestry, Faculty of / Graduate

Western hemlock seedlings were grown for 8 months in a greenhouse with fertilizer amendments of N, P, N+P, and lime. Humus material was used as a growth medium. It was collected from low-productive sites identified by Lewis (1985) as the cedar-hemlock phase of the Thuja plicata - Tsuga heterophylla - Gautheria shallon - Rhytidiadelphusloreus ecosystem association unit designated as S1CH , on his ecosystem maps of Tree Farm Licences 6 and 25, which are located on northern Vancouver Island. A combination of 100 kg/ha N and 150 kg/ha P produced the most favourable seedling growth and foliar nutrient status. N or P added separately at these rates also gave superior seedling growth compared to the control. Neither lime, nor high rates of N (at 300 kg/ha with or without P) increased seedling growth. High N additions also restricted root development. N fertilization reduced foliar P concentrations, and P addition decreased foliar N concentrations. Foliar Mg concentrations increased when P fertilizers were added. N and/or P additions caused a decrease in foliar B concentrations. A combination of N and P increased foliar Zn concentrations and S, but reduced Mn absorption. Foliar R was inversely related to seedling productivity. Management recommendations for the S1CH sites include fertilizing with P, and increasing available N either by cultivation to increase mineralization or by low rates of N fertilization / Land and Food Systems, Faculty of / Graduate

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(農学) / 甲第22130号 / 農博第2376号 / 新制||農||1073(附属図書館) / 学位論文||R1||N5238(農学部図書室) / 京都大学大学院農学研究科森林科学専攻 / (主査)教授 德地 直子, 教授 北島 薫, 准教授 舘野 隆之輔 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DGAM

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