Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Objetivou-se com este estudo, determinar o padrão de qualidade das mudas através dos parâmetros morfológicos da relação altura/diâmetro (ALT/DC), produção de matéria seca das folhas, caule e raízes, índice de qualidade de Dickson (IQD), bem como, determinar os teores de macronutrientes e micronutrientes do mogno africano Khaya ivorensis e Khaya senegalensis. Trinta dias após a emergência, as plantas com média de 7 cm de altura, foram transplantadas para vasos plásticos de 14 L (duas mudas/vaso), os vasos receberam uma fina camada de seixo, para melhor drenagem e, completados com o substrato ORG: Organoamazon. As plantas receberam uma rega de solução nutritiva ((0,8 g de Maxsol/L), (0,5 g de Nitrato de Cálcio/L) e (0,1 g de Ferro/L)) semanal e durante as duas últimas semanas do terceiro mês cada vaso passou a receber duas regas semanalmente de solução nutritiva. No período entre o quarto e o quinto mês a concentração dos nutrientes da solução foi aumentada para 1,2 g/L (Maxsol), 0,9 g/L (Nitrato de Cálcio) e 0,1 g/L (Ferro). E, no sexto mês a solução foi concentrada em 1,3 g de Maxsol/L, 1,0 g de Nitrato de Cálcio/L e 0,1 g de Ferro/L. Para análise das variáveis altura e diâmetro utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente ao acaso (DIC) com três repetições em parcela subdividida. O experimento foi arranjado no esquema fatorial 2x2 composto por duas espécies (K. ivorensis e K. senegalensis), dois tratamentos (sem solução e com solução nutritiva) e na sub-parcela onze períodos de avaliações. Para qualidade das mudas analisou-se através dos índices morfológicos: a razão altura (cm)/diâmetro (mm), produção de matéria seca das folhas, caule e raízes e, índice de qualidade de Dickson e ainda, avaliou-se os teores de macronutrientes e micronutrientes. As plantas de mogno africano (K. ivorensis e K. senegalensis) apresentam rápido e vigoroso crescimento vegetativo, K. senegalensis atinge 24 cm de altura e 7 mm de diâmetro de coleto 60 dias após o transplantio e, K. ivorensis altura de 28 cm e diâmetro de 5,5 mm após 90 dias do transplantio. A espécie K. senegalensis com adição de solução nutritiva apresenta maior crescimento e maior produção de matéria seca. Para ambas espécies com e sem adição de solução nutritiva não houve diferença nos teores de macro e micronutrientes absorvidos. / The objective of this study was to determinate the quality pattern of seedlings by morphologic parametres of height/diameter ratio, production of dry content of leaves, stem and roots, Dickson Quality Index (DQI), as well, determinate macronutrients and micronutrients content in African Mahogany Khaya ivorensis and Khaya senegalensis. Thirty days after the emergence, the seedlings with 7 cm height, were transplanted to plastic vases of 14 L (two seedlings/vase). In each vase were put a small layer of pebble, to facilitate the drainage, and completed with organic substratum (Organoamazon). Every week, plants were irrigated once with nutrient solution ((0,8 g/L (Maxsol), 0,5 g/L (Calcium nitrate) e 0,1 g/L (iron)) and, on the last two weeks of the third month, the irrigation were twice per week. From fourth to fifth month the concentration of nutrient solution was increased to 1,2 g/L (Maxsol), 0,9 g/L (Calcium nitrate) e 0,1g/L (iron). And in the sixth month the solution concentration was 1,3 g/L (Maxsol), 1,0 g/L (Calcium nitrate) e 0,1 g/L (iron). Height and diameter were analyzed in completely randomized design in split plots, with two species (K. ivorensis e K. senegalensis) and two treatments (with and without the nutrient solution) in the plots and eleven periods in the sub-plots. The seedling quality was analyzed by morphologic index: height/diameter ratio, dry material production of leaves, stalk and roots, Dickson quality index (DQI). African Mahogany plants (K. ivorensis e K. senegalensis) show fast and vigorous vegetative growth, K. senegalensis grow 24 cm height and 7 mm of diameter in 60 days after the transplant and K. ivorensis 28 cm and 5,5 mm of height and diameter respectively, 90 days after de transplant. K. senegalensis with nutrient solution addition show superior growth and dry material production. To both species, with and without nutrient solution there is no difference in the contents of micro and macro nutrients absorbed.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T13:44:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_luciano_moura_de_mello.pdf: 1390573 bytes, checksum: 46091f4e31cb6a0645f21303442fbd42 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-07-26 / - Erythrina crista-galli L. (FABACEAE), known in Rio Grande do Sul as Corticeirado-banhado, the tree is a native of Brazil, Uruguay, Paraguay, eastern Bolivia and Argentina. It is found in swampy or marshy meadows, very common in the forest formations of galleries and is grown for ornamental purposes and restore natural environments, since it is well adapted to relatively dry and humid environments and natural formations composed of wide area distribution. The Rules for Seed Analysis - RAS (2009) have no guidelines for testing of germination of the species. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of three treatments to overcome seed dormancy (sulfuric acid, hot water and mechanical scarification) and conditions for the germination tests: two substrates suitable for the size of the seeds of E. crista-galli (sand and between paper, as stated in the RAS 2009), and photoperiod of 8 and 16 hours of light, subjected to temperatures of 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35°C and still perform biometric evaluations in fruits and seeds. Seeds from fruits collected from seven adult dies in a fragment of gallery forest near the Dam's Emergency Piraizinho in Bagé, RS (Coord. 31º 17' 30.55''S - 54º 10' 22.55''W) in January 2011. Tests were conducted at the Laboratory of Seed Analysis (LAS) Institute of Plant Breeding Biotechnology (INTEC), University of the Campaign, in Bagé, Brazil. Due to the limited availability of viable seeds (46% of the total collected), we used four replicates of 10 seeds in each treatment. The best performance on tests of dormancy breaking was the mechanical scarification with sandpaper nº 80, the end opposite the micropyle (no soaking) and sterilized and later with 5 min exposure to sodium hypochlorite 1%. Was initially carried out a test to determine best substrate and photoperiod, the experiment carried out at a temperature of 20-30ºC. The test results showed no difference (Tukey, 5%) between any of the treatments for both substrates tested for photoperiods. However, in order to simplify the routine laboratory work on standardized tests after using the substrate between paper and a photoperiod of 8 hours of light. Of evaluation results showed that the optimum temperature for germination tests of E. crista-galli (scarified mechanically with sterile with sodium hypochlorite 1% for 5 minutes, the substrate between paper and 8h of light) was the constant temperature of 30º C (temperature of better performance of abortion), even if not presented with a difference for the alternating temperature of 20-30º C. The germination speed index (GSI) of the seeds also performed best at 30° C, with an average of 46%. This result, however, no difference of the average verified at constant temperatures of 20, 25 and alternating 20-30° C. The evaluation of the average time of germination showed that the temperature alternating 20-30° C germination showed the best result, with 8 days, followed by the temperature of 30, 25 and 20° C, with no differences of the first and varying these, between 8 and 9 days. / Erythrina crista-galli L. (FABACEAE), conhecida no Rio Grande do Sul como Corticeira-do-banhado, é uma árvore natural do Brasil, Uruguai, Paraguai, leste da Bolívia e Argentina. É encontrada em várzeas pantanosas ou alagadiças, muito frequente nas formações de florestas de galerias e é cultivada para fins ornamentais e de restauração de ambientes naturais, uma vez que adapta-se bem a ambientes úmidos e relativamente secos e compõe as formações naturais de ampla área de distribuição. As Regras de Análises de Sementes - RAS (2009) não possuem orientações para a realização de testes de germinação da espécie. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho de três tratamentos para a superação de dormência das sementes (Ácido sulfúrico, água quente e escarificação mecânica) e de condições para a realização de testes de germinação: dois substratos adequados ao tamanho das sementes de E. crista-galli (entre areia e entre papel, conforme estabelece as RAS 2009), e dos fotoperíodos de 8 e 16 horas de luz, submetidos às temperaturas de 15, 20, 25, 30 e 35 ºC e ainda realizar avaliações biométricas em frutos e sementes. Foram utilizadas sementes de frutos coletados de sete matrizes adultas em um fragmento de mata de galeria próximo à Barragem Emergencial do Piraizinho, em Bagé, RS (Coord. 31º 17 30.55 S - 54º 10 22.55 W), em janeiro de 2011. Os testes foram conduzidos no Laboratório de Análise de Sementes (LAS) do Instituto Biotecnológico de Reprodução Vegetal (INTEC), da Universidade da Região da Campanha, em Bagé, RS. Em função da pequena disponibilidade de sementes viáveis (46% do total coletado), foram utilizadas 4 repetições de 10 sementes em cada tratamento. O melhor desempenho nos testes de superação de dormência foi a escarificação mecânica com lixa nº 80, na extremidade oposta à micrópila (sem embebição) e posterior e assepsia com exposição por 5 min ao hipoclorito de sódio a 1 %. Foi realizado inicialmente o teste para determinar melhor substrato e fotoperíodo, sendo o experimento realizado à temperatura de 20-30ºC. Os resultados dos testes mostraram que não houve diferença (Tukey, a 5%) entre nenhum dos tratamentos, tanto para os substratos testados quanto para os fotoperíodos. Porém, visando a simplificação das rotinas de trabalho em laboratório padronizou-se em testes posteriores o uso do substrato entre papel e o fotoperíodo de 8h de luz. Posteriormente realizou-se os testes nas temperaturas de 15, 20, 25, 30 e 35ºC. Dos resultados das avaliações verificou-se que a temperatura ótima para os testes de germinação de E. crista-galli (escarificadas mecanicamente, com assepsia com hipoclorito de sódio a 1% por 5 minutos, no substrato entre papel e com 8h de luz) foi a temperatura constante de 30ºC (temperatura de melhor desempenho do IVG), mesmo que não apresentasse diferença para a temperatura alternada de 20-30ºC. O Índice de Velocidade de Germinação (IVG) das sementes teve melhor desempenho também a 30ºC, com uma média de 46%. Este resultado, entretanto, não apresentou diferença das médias verificadas nas temperaturas constantes de 20, 25 e alternada de 20-30ºC. A avaliação do tempo médio de germinação mostrou que à temperatura alternada de 20-30ºC a germinação apresentou melhor resultado, com 8 dias, seguido da temperatura de 30, 25 e 20ºC, sem apresentar diferenças estatísticas da primeira e variando estas, entre 8 e 9 dias.

The forest species have been used since the beginning of the times for the most several ends. However, the unrestricted and inadequate use, especially of native examples of great economical value, it is causing great environmental problems. The form, commonly adopted, to reduce the pressure on the native forests it is the use of exotic species. For the importance that those species reached, it exists at the country a vast area planted with homogeneous stands, prevailing the Pinus and Eucalyptus. That demand generates a demand every time larger for more productive forests and of quality, contemplating, this way, in the production of seedlings. However, there is still a lot to be improved in that section, especially in the scientific field. The statistics, if well explored, it can contribute to that. Therefore, this work had as objectives, to verify the distribution of the variables diameter and height of the seedlings of Pinus spp. and to characterize similar behaviors of the variables, in seedlings production trays, as well as, to estimate the sample size for seedlings of Pinus spp. in forest nursery. For the present study data were collected from seedlings of Pinus spp., produced in the Technological Center of Forestry of Santa Maria's Federal University. The data used for the development of the works were coming of experiments with Pinus taeda, accomplished in the first semester of the year of 2005 and other with Pinus elliottii var. elliottii, accomplished in the second semester of the year of 2005. The seedlings were willing in three trays (B1, B2 and B3). The observed variables were diameter and height of the seedling, appraised of 15 in 15 days (B1 and B2) and of 25 in 25 days (B3), where the first evaluation was accomplished to the 50 (B1 and B2) and 25 (B3) days after the emergency of the seedlings and the last to the 140 (B1 and B2) and 175 (B3) days. The statistical analyses were accomplished through application of the Run Test and sample size. The growth in seedlings of Pinus taeda was heterogeneous, being verified the non randomness in the distribution of the observations of the variables height and diameter. Already, for Pinus elliottii var. elliottii the growth of the seedlings was aleatory. The sample size varies in function of the age and randomness of the seedlings for both studied variables, where the number of sample units, for a semi-width of 10%, for Pinus taeda, went from 25 to height and twelve seedlings for the diameter and for Pinus elliottii var. elliottii went of nine seedlings to height and ten for the diameter, when considered the non randomness. / As espécies florestais têm sido utilizadas desde o início dos tempos para os mais diversos fins. Porém, o uso irrestrito e inadequado, principalmente de exemplares nativos de grande valor econômico, vem causando grandes problemas ambientais. A forma, comumente adotada, para reduzir a pressão sobre as florestas nativas é a utilização de espécies exóticas. Pela importância que essas espécies alcançaram, existe no país uma vasta área plantada com povoamentos homogêneos, predominando os de Pinus e Eucalyptus. Essa demanda gera uma exigência cada vez maior por florestas mais produtivas e de qualidade, refletindo, desta forma, na produção de mudas. Entretanto, ainda há muito que ser melhorado nesse setor, especialmente no campo científico. A estatística, se bem explorada, pode contribuir para isso. Portanto, este trabalho teve como objetivos, verificar a distribuição das variáveis diâmetro do colo e altura das mudas de Pinus spp. e caracterizar comportamentos similares das variáveis, dentro das bandejas de produção de mudas, assim como, estimar o tamanho de amostra para mudas de Pinus spp. em viveiro florestal. Para o presente estudo foram coletados dados de mudas de Pinus spp., produzidas no Centro Tecnológico de Silvicultura da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. Os dados utilizados para o desenvolvimento dos trabalhos foram provenientes de experimentos com Pinus taeda, realizado no primeiro semestre do ano de 2005 e outro com Pinus elliottii var. elliottii, realizado no segundo semestre do ano de 2005. As mudas foram dispostas em três bandejas (B1, B2 e B3). As variáveis observadas foram diâmetro do colo e altura da muda, avaliadas de 15 em 15 dias (B1 e B2) e de 25 em 25 dias (B3), onde a primeira avaliação foi realizada aos 50 (B1 e B2) e 25 (B3) dias após a emergência das plântulas e a última aos 140 (B1 e B2) e 175 (B3) dias. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas via aplicação do Teste de Seqüência e tamanho de amostra. O crescimento em mudas de Pinus taeda foi heterogêneo, sendo constatada a não aleatoriedade na distribuição das observações das variáveis altura e diâmetro do colo. Já, para Pinus elliottii var. elliottii o crescimento das mudas foi aleatório. O tamanho de amostra varia em função da idade e aleatoriedade das mudas para ambas as variáveis estudadas, onde o número de unidades amostrais ideal, para uma semi-amplitude de 10%, para Pinus taeda, foi de 25 para altura e de doze mudas para o diâmetro e, para Pinus elliottii var. elliottii foi de nove mudas para altura e dez para o diâmetro, quando considerada a não aleatoriedade.

Uma das técnicas de restauração ecológica de vegetação nativa testada é a semeadura direta ou plantio de sementes, que pode diminuir custos, facilitar a implantação e a adaptação rápida da espécie ao ambiente comparando ao plantio de mudas. Porém, essa técnica não suplantou o plantio de mudas e um dos questionamentos é sobre abaixa germinação das sementes e do desconhecimento das práticas adequadas de semeio. Portanto, nessa pesquisa avaliaram-se a qualidade, características e desempenho de sementes de cinco espécies florestais nativas, testando também algumas técnicas de semeio no campo. As sementes utilizadas são de espécies arbóreas de recobrimento: Croton floribundus, Croton urucurana, Guazuma ulmifolia, Solanum granulosoleprosum e Trema micrantha de dois lotes (um comprado no mercado e outro colhido pelo pesquisador no campo).A qualidade dessas sementes foi determinada por meio dos parâmetros físicos: pureza, teor de água, massa de mil sementes, largura, comprimento, área, circularidade, cor (sistemas RGB e banda G), peso e densidade aparente; fisiológicos: a velocidade e a taxa de emergência das plântulas e sanitário: avaliação dos fungos presentes nas sementes. Métodos para o beneficiamento dos lotes de sementes, a partir dos parâmetros físicos foram testados. E foram avaliadas a profundidade de semeadura e a emergência das plântulas das sementes tratadas e não-tratadas através do priming, testados em laboratório e em campo. A caracterização física dos lotes (comprado e colhido) foi semelhante (pureza e teor de água), as outras medidas físicas foram em geral diferentes entre os lotes e geralmente maiores para o lote colhido, e apenas para a G. ulmifolia o lote comprado foi superior. Fisiologicamente, os lotes (comprado e colhido) foram similares, porém o lote de G. ulmifolia comprado e de T. micrantha colhido emergiram mais, e as demais espécies foram semelhantes. O mesmo pode-se afirmar para o índice de velocidade de emergência das plântulas (IVEP), que também foram semelhantes entre os lotes, mas não para TMEP (Tempo Médio de Emergências das Plântulas). Para sanidade, os lotes colhidos obtiveram menor incidência de fungos fitopatogênicos. A densidade aparente foi a variável mais correlacionada com a emergência das sementes. Já as melhores profundidades de semeadura foram de 1 cm para a S. granulosoleprosum, 2 cm para a G. ulmifolia e de 1-2 cm para as demais espécies. O priming foi significativo, em laboratório, para C. floribundus em emergência, IVEP e TMEP, e T. micrantha em IVEP. Em campo, o priming reduziu o TMEP de C. floribundus e de T. micrantha, e melhorou o IVEP desta. As espécies mais recomendadas para semeadura direta a partir da emergência em campo são: S. granulosoleprosum >C. floribundus >G. ulmifolia >C. urucurana >T. micrantha. O monitoramento de emergência das plântulas pode ser realizado em 50 dias para S. granulosoleprosum, 65 dias para T. micrantha e 30 dias para as demais. Concluem-se que os lotes (comprados ou colhidos) são adequados, o uso da densidade aparente é o melhor método de beneficiamento e não houve benefícios significativos com o priming. Essas práticas podem ser empregadas em semeadura direta em restauração ecológica. / One of ecological restoration techniques for native vegetation tested is the direct sowing or planting seeds, which can lower costs, easy deployment and rapid adaptation of species to the environment compared to planting seedlings. However, this technique does not supplanted the planting of seedlings and one of the questions is on the low germination of native species and the lack of best practices of sowing. Therefore, in this study it was evaluated the quality, features and performance of five native species seeds, also testing some sowing techniques in the field. The seeds used were tree species filling, Croton floribundus, Croton urucurana, Guazuma ulmifolia, Solanum granulosoleprosum and Trema micrantha two lots (one purchased in the market and another collected by the researcher in the field). The quality of these seeds was determined by the physical parameters: purity, water content, mass of thousand seeds, width, length, area, roundness, color (RGB systems and G band), weight and specific gravity; Physiological: the speed and the emergence rate of seedlings and health: assessment of fungi present in the seeds. Methods for processing of seed lots, from the physical parameters had tested. And it evaluated the depth of sowing and seedling emergence of seeds treated and non-treated by priming, tested in laboratory and on field. Physical characteristics of the lots (purchased and harvested) was similar (purity and water content), other physical measurements were generally different between lots and generally larger for the lot harvested, and only for the G. ulmifolia purchased lot was higher. Physiologically, lots (purchased and harvested) were similar, but G. ulmifolia purchased lot emerged more and T. micrantha harvested lot was better, and the other species were similar. The same said for the seedling emergence speed index (SESI), which were also similar between lots, but not for MTES (Mean Time Emergencies of Seedlings). For sanity, lots harvested was lower incidence of pathogenic fungi. The specific gravity was the most correlated variable with the emergence of seeds. Already the best sowing depths were 1 cm for S. granulosoleprosum, 2 cm to G. ulmifolia and 1-2 cm for other species. The priming was significant in the laboratory for C. floribundus in emergency, SESI and MTES, and T. micrantha in SESI. In the field, the priming reduced the MTES for C. floribundus and T. micrantha, and improved SESI this. The most recommended species for direct sowing on field in emergency are: S. granulosoleprosum>C. floribundus>G. ulmifolia>C. urucurana>T. micrantha. The emergency monitoring of seedlings can be done in 50 days for S. granulosoleprosum, 65 days for T. micrantha and 30 days for the other. To conclude that lots (purchased or harvested) are suitable, the use of the specific gravity is the best processing method and no significant benefits with priming. These practices may be employment in direct sowing in ecological restoration.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T14:38:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Raquel_Valmorbida.pdf: 1039911 bytes, checksum: f9af83c22da423b866713b0a21b70adb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-22 / Fundação Araucária / Muvuca is a seed sowing technique of various tree species succession of distinct stages, together with species of green manure, in order to restore a degraded area. In this seeding technique, there can be biological interaction exudates, seeds and seedlings adjunct, different species of which may be mutually benefit or impaired, as germination and early development. An attempt was made in this study to investigate the allelopathic potential of exudates of Cajanus cajan seeds and Bauhinia forficata on bioindicator species (Solanum lycopersicum - tomato); and the allelopathic effect of these same exudates on forest species (Bauhinia forficata and Parapiptadenia rigida). The experiment was conducted in the laboratory, and the treatments were: control; exudates of Phase I and II of the soaking curve of C. cajan seeds and B. forficata, who underwent pH testing, electrical conductivity and phytochemical screening. The bioindicator species subjected to treatment was evaluated for germination, early growth, antioxidant enzyme activity and lipid peroxidation. Forest species subjected to the treatments were evaluated for germination and early development. According to the electrical conductivity, a greater release of exudates of precursor species in phase II of soaking. All exudates showed allelochemicals in its composition. As for the allelopathic potential, it is concluded that the exudates of C. cajan seeds and B. forficata not adversely affect germination, early growth and antioxidant enzyme activity of bioindicator, on the contrary, benefited performance these variables evaluated tomato. As for the allelopathic effect, the exudate of phase I of soaking C. cajan, and phases I and II of the seeds of B. forficata stimulated shoot length P. rigida. However, the exudate of the soaking stage II seeds of C. cajan, negatively affected the germination and initial development B. forficata. And still retarded germination of P. rigida. / Muvuca de sementes é uma técnica de semeadura de diversas espécies florestais, de distintos estágios sucessionais, juntamente com espécies de adubos verdes, com a finalidade de restaurar uma área degradada. Nesta técnica de semeadura, pode ocorrer interação biológica de exsudatos de sementes e plântulas adjuntas, das diferentes espécies, que mutuamente podem ser beneficiadas ou prejudicadas, quanto à germinação e desenvolvimento inicial. Procurou-se neste trabalho investigar o potencial alelopático de exsudatos de sementes de Cajanus cajan e Bauhinia forficata sobre espécie bioindicadora (Solanum lycopersicum - tomate); e o efeito alelopático destes mesmos exsudatos sobre espécies florestais (Bauhinia forficata e Parapiptadenia rigida). O experimento foi conduzido em laboratório, e os tratamentos foram: Testemunha; Exsudatos das Fases I e II da curva de embebição das sementes de C. cajan e B. forficata, que foram submetidos a testes de pH, condutividade elétrica e prospecção fitoquímica. A espécie bioindicadora submetida aos tratamentos foi avaliada quanto à germinação, desenvolvimento inicial, atividade enzimática antioxidante e peroxidação lipídica. As espécies florestais submetidas aos tratamentos foram avaliadas quanto à germinação e desenvolvimento inicial. Segundo a condutividade elétrica, houve maior liberação de exsudatos das espécies precursoras na fase II de embebição. Todos os exsudatos apresentaram aleloquímicos em sua composição. Quanto ao potencial alelopático, conclui-se, que os exsudatos das sementes de C. cajan e B. forficata não afetaram negativamente a germinação, desenvolvimento inicial e atividade enzimática antioxidante da planta bioindicadora, pelo contrário, beneficiou o desempenho das variáveis avaliadas do tomate. Quanto ao efeito alelopático, o exsudato da fase I de embebição de C. cajan, e das fases I e II das sementes de B. forficata estimularam o comprimento da parte aérea de P. rigida. Porém, o exsudato da fase II de embebição das sementes de C. cajan, influenciou negativamente a germinação e desenvolvimento inicial de B. forficata. E ainda retardou a germinação de P. rigida.

The local extinction of habitat patches and dispersal between the patches are important processes structuring animal populations in heterogeneous environments. Understanding these two processes is crucial for the conservation of wildlife populations in landscapes impacted by human land-use. Approximately 50% of the subtropical rainforest in South East Queensland, Australia has been lost to deforestation over the last 100 years. While large areas of rainforest are reserved, little is known about the distribution and population status of rainforest birds within smaller remnants in the region. The overall research problem for this thesis was to understand how deforestation and fragmentation of subtropical rainforest affects the occurrence of rainforest birds and the effective dispersal of a rainforest-restricted species, the logrunner (Orthonyx temminckii). Understanding why some bird species are lost from habitat patches while others remain will lead to improved conservation of extinction prone species in fragmented landscapes. Although the mechanisms underlying local extinctions are well established in temperate systems, the relative importance of local and regional processes on species occurrence in subtropical and tropical rainforests is poorly understood. Chapter 2 investigated the relative effects of life history and scale of habitat modification on avian site occupancy using observational data collected at 46 rainforest sites in South East Queensland. A probabilistic model for the joint site occupancy of 29 bird species was used to evaluate hypotheses for the effects of avian life history traits on the occurrence of multiple species. The single-species occurrence models incorporated habitat effects on detection, which may be especially important in rainforests because dense vegetation and idiosyncratic occurrence of species can interfere with sampling. Occupancy rates for each species were modelled to determine the relative influence of process operating at the stand, landscape and patch scales. The life history analysis indicated taxonomic Family, body mass, migratory strategy and feeding strata had large effects on avian site occupancy, whereas abundance traits such as mean density and extent of occurrence showed little predictive ability. After accounting for correlated extinction risk attributed to life history, the degradation of stand structure at the local scale was more important for species richness than habitat modification at landscape or patch scales. While individual species showed various responses to the different scales of habitat modification, the distribution of many species was limited by vegetation structure at the landscape scale. Maintaining stand basal area and restoring degraded rainforests at the local scale will increase the probability of occupancy for members of the rainforest bird community. However, revegetation and retention of forest cover at the landscape scale may be necessary for the successful colonisation of many species. Chapter 3 introduced a predictive hypothesis-driven approach for quantifying the relative contribution of historic and contemporary processes to genetic connectivity. Current analytic frameworks in population genetics have difficulty evaluating meaningful hypotheses about spatial processes in dynamic landscapes. Confronting genetic data with models of historic and contemporary landscapes allowed the identification of dispersal processes operating in naturally heterogeneous and human-altered systems. Two measures of indirect gene flow were estimated from microsatellite polymorphism among 11 logrunner populations. Of particular interest was how much information in the genetic data was attributable to processes occurring in a reconstructed historic landscape and a contemporary human-modified landscape. A linear mixed model was used to estimate appropriate sampling variance from non-independent data and information-theoretic model selection provided strength of evidence for alternate hypotheses. The historic and contemporary landscapes explained an equal proportion of variation in genetic differentiation and there was considerable evidence for a temporal shift in dispersal pattern. Migration rates estimated from genealogical information were primarily influenced by contemporary landscape change. Landscape heterogeneity appeared to facilitate gene flow prior to European settlement, but contemporary deforestation is rapidly becoming the most important barrier to logrunner dispersal. Understanding asymmetric dispersal is becoming an important consideration for the conservation metapopulations. Populations acting as net exporters of dispersing animals may be able to rescue local populations from extinction and allow metapopulations to persist in degraded landscapes impacted by habitat loss. In Chapter 4, I estimated bidirectional migration rates from genetic data to infer dispersal among 11 logrunner populations. The first question posed was, does logrunner dispersal correspond to the source-sink or balanced model of dispersal? The second question involved determining the strength of evidence for two hypotheses about how landscape structure has affected asymmetric dispersal. Hypothesis one proposed that asymmetric dispersal was primarily influenced by naturally occurring habitat heterogeneity. Hypothesis two asserted that asymmetric dispersal was predominantly influenced by anthropogenic landscape change. The data were confronted with the alternate hypotheses using linear mixed models and landscape covariates extracted from digital maps. The results showed the direction of asymmetric dispersal was consistent with source-sink population structure. I also discovered that the asymmetry in dispersal was influenced more by anthropogenic landscape change than by naturally occurring habitat heterogeneity. Intact landscapes were net exporters of dispersing logrunners while landscapes heavily impacted by rainforest clearing were net importers of individuals. Elevated immigration rates into landscapes impacted by rainforest clearing appeared to arrest population declines in accordance with the rescue effect. The primary conclusion emerging from the study of patch occupancy and dispersal was that logrunner populations in South East Queensland conformed to a mainland-island metapopulation. Asymmetric dispersal from the largest expanse of upland rainforest appeared to prevent fragmented rainforests in close proximity from going locally extinct. While the distribution of logrunners was limited by the spatial configuration of rainforest patches, other rainforest birds exhibited variable responses to scale of habitat modification. The most consistent pattern was several species dropping-out of the community in degraded stands affected by selective timber harvest. Deforestation at the landscape scale also played a role in the extremely low patch occupancy rates of Albert’s lyrebirds (Menura alberti) and green catbirds (Ailuroedus crassirostris).

The local extinction of habitat patches and dispersal between the patches are important processes structuring animal populations in heterogeneous environments. Understanding these two processes is crucial for the conservation of wildlife populations in landscapes impacted by human land-use. Approximately 50% of the subtropical rainforest in South East Queensland, Australia has been lost to deforestation over the last 100 years. While large areas of rainforest are reserved, little is known about the distribution and population status of rainforest birds within smaller remnants in the region. The overall research problem for this thesis was to understand how deforestation and fragmentation of subtropical rainforest affects the occurrence of rainforest birds and the effective dispersal of a rainforest-restricted species, the logrunner (Orthonyx temminckii). Understanding why some bird species are lost from habitat patches while others remain will lead to improved conservation of extinction prone species in fragmented landscapes. Although the mechanisms underlying local extinctions are well established in temperate systems, the relative importance of local and regional processes on species occurrence in subtropical and tropical rainforests is poorly understood. Chapter 2 investigated the relative effects of life history and scale of habitat modification on avian site occupancy using observational data collected at 46 rainforest sites in South East Queensland. A probabilistic model for the joint site occupancy of 29 bird species was used to evaluate hypotheses for the effects of avian life history traits on the occurrence of multiple species. The single-species occurrence models incorporated habitat effects on detection, which may be especially important in rainforests because dense vegetation and idiosyncratic occurrence of species can interfere with sampling. Occupancy rates for each species were modelled to determine the relative influence of process operating at the stand, landscape and patch scales. The life history analysis indicated taxonomic Family, body mass, migratory strategy and feeding strata had large effects on avian site occupancy, whereas abundance traits such as mean density and extent of occurrence showed little predictive ability. After accounting for correlated extinction risk attributed to life history, the degradation of stand structure at the local scale was more important for species richness than habitat modification at landscape or patch scales. While individual species showed various responses to the different scales of habitat modification, the distribution of many species was limited by vegetation structure at the landscape scale. Maintaining stand basal area and restoring degraded rainforests at the local scale will increase the probability of occupancy for members of the rainforest bird community. However, revegetation and retention of forest cover at the landscape scale may be necessary for the successful colonisation of many species. Chapter 3 introduced a predictive hypothesis-driven approach for quantifying the relative contribution of historic and contemporary processes to genetic connectivity. Current analytic frameworks in population genetics have difficulty evaluating meaningful hypotheses about spatial processes in dynamic landscapes. Confronting genetic data with models of historic and contemporary landscapes allowed the identification of dispersal processes operating in naturally heterogeneous and human-altered systems. Two measures of indirect gene flow were estimated from microsatellite polymorphism among 11 logrunner populations. Of particular interest was how much information in the genetic data was attributable to processes occurring in a reconstructed historic landscape and a contemporary human-modified landscape. A linear mixed model was used to estimate appropriate sampling variance from non-independent data and information-theoretic model selection provided strength of evidence for alternate hypotheses. The historic and contemporary landscapes explained an equal proportion of variation in genetic differentiation and there was considerable evidence for a temporal shift in dispersal pattern. Migration rates estimated from genealogical information were primarily influenced by contemporary landscape change. Landscape heterogeneity appeared to facilitate gene flow prior to European settlement, but contemporary deforestation is rapidly becoming the most important barrier to logrunner dispersal. Understanding asymmetric dispersal is becoming an important consideration for the conservation metapopulations. Populations acting as net exporters of dispersing animals may be able to rescue local populations from extinction and allow metapopulations to persist in degraded landscapes impacted by habitat loss. In Chapter 4, I estimated bidirectional migration rates from genetic data to infer dispersal among 11 logrunner populations. The first question posed was, does logrunner dispersal correspond to the source-sink or balanced model of dispersal? The second question involved determining the strength of evidence for two hypotheses about how landscape structure has affected asymmetric dispersal. Hypothesis one proposed that asymmetric dispersal was primarily influenced by naturally occurring habitat heterogeneity. Hypothesis two asserted that asymmetric dispersal was predominantly influenced by anthropogenic landscape change. The data were confronted with the alternate hypotheses using linear mixed models and landscape covariates extracted from digital maps. The results showed the direction of asymmetric dispersal was consistent with source-sink population structure. I also discovered that the asymmetry in dispersal was influenced more by anthropogenic landscape change than by naturally occurring habitat heterogeneity. Intact landscapes were net exporters of dispersing logrunners while landscapes heavily impacted by rainforest clearing were net importers of individuals. Elevated immigration rates into landscapes impacted by rainforest clearing appeared to arrest population declines in accordance with the rescue effect. The primary conclusion emerging from the study of patch occupancy and dispersal was that logrunner populations in South East Queensland conformed to a mainland-island metapopulation. Asymmetric dispersal from the largest expanse of upland rainforest appeared to prevent fragmented rainforests in close proximity from going locally extinct. While the distribution of logrunners was limited by the spatial configuration of rainforest patches, other rainforest birds exhibited variable responses to scale of habitat modification. The most consistent pattern was several species dropping-out of the community in degraded stands affected by selective timber harvest. Deforestation at the landscape scale also played a role in the extremely low patch occupancy rates of Albert’s lyrebirds (Menura alberti) and green catbirds (Ailuroedus crassirostris).

The local extinction of habitat patches and dispersal between the patches are important processes structuring animal populations in heterogeneous environments. Understanding these two processes is crucial for the conservation of wildlife populations in landscapes impacted by human land-use. Approximately 50% of the subtropical rainforest in South East Queensland, Australia has been lost to deforestation over the last 100 years. While large areas of rainforest are reserved, little is known about the distribution and population status of rainforest birds within smaller remnants in the region. The overall research problem for this thesis was to understand how deforestation and fragmentation of subtropical rainforest affects the occurrence of rainforest birds and the effective dispersal of a rainforest-restricted species, the logrunner (Orthonyx temminckii). Understanding why some bird species are lost from habitat patches while others remain will lead to improved conservation of extinction prone species in fragmented landscapes. Although the mechanisms underlying local extinctions are well established in temperate systems, the relative importance of local and regional processes on species occurrence in subtropical and tropical rainforests is poorly understood. Chapter 2 investigated the relative effects of life history and scale of habitat modification on avian site occupancy using observational data collected at 46 rainforest sites in South East Queensland. A probabilistic model for the joint site occupancy of 29 bird species was used to evaluate hypotheses for the effects of avian life history traits on the occurrence of multiple species. The single-species occurrence models incorporated habitat effects on detection, which may be especially important in rainforests because dense vegetation and idiosyncratic occurrence of species can interfere with sampling. Occupancy rates for each species were modelled to determine the relative influence of process operating at the stand, landscape and patch scales. The life history analysis indicated taxonomic Family, body mass, migratory strategy and feeding strata had large effects on avian site occupancy, whereas abundance traits such as mean density and extent of occurrence showed little predictive ability. After accounting for correlated extinction risk attributed to life history, the degradation of stand structure at the local scale was more important for species richness than habitat modification at landscape or patch scales. While individual species showed various responses to the different scales of habitat modification, the distribution of many species was limited by vegetation structure at the landscape scale. Maintaining stand basal area and restoring degraded rainforests at the local scale will increase the probability of occupancy for members of the rainforest bird community. However, revegetation and retention of forest cover at the landscape scale may be necessary for the successful colonisation of many species. Chapter 3 introduced a predictive hypothesis-driven approach for quantifying the relative contribution of historic and contemporary processes to genetic connectivity. Current analytic frameworks in population genetics have difficulty evaluating meaningful hypotheses about spatial processes in dynamic landscapes. Confronting genetic data with models of historic and contemporary landscapes allowed the identification of dispersal processes operating in naturally heterogeneous and human-altered systems. Two measures of indirect gene flow were estimated from microsatellite polymorphism among 11 logrunner populations. Of particular interest was how much information in the genetic data was attributable to processes occurring in a reconstructed historic landscape and a contemporary human-modified landscape. A linear mixed model was used to estimate appropriate sampling variance from non-independent data and information-theoretic model selection provided strength of evidence for alternate hypotheses. The historic and contemporary landscapes explained an equal proportion of variation in genetic differentiation and there was considerable evidence for a temporal shift in dispersal pattern. Migration rates estimated from genealogical information were primarily influenced by contemporary landscape change. Landscape heterogeneity appeared to facilitate gene flow prior to European settlement, but contemporary deforestation is rapidly becoming the most important barrier to logrunner dispersal. Understanding asymmetric dispersal is becoming an important consideration for the conservation metapopulations. Populations acting as net exporters of dispersing animals may be able to rescue local populations from extinction and allow metapopulations to persist in degraded landscapes impacted by habitat loss. In Chapter 4, I estimated bidirectional migration rates from genetic data to infer dispersal among 11 logrunner populations. The first question posed was, does logrunner dispersal correspond to the source-sink or balanced model of dispersal? The second question involved determining the strength of evidence for two hypotheses about how landscape structure has affected asymmetric dispersal. Hypothesis one proposed that asymmetric dispersal was primarily influenced by naturally occurring habitat heterogeneity. Hypothesis two asserted that asymmetric dispersal was predominantly influenced by anthropogenic landscape change. The data were confronted with the alternate hypotheses using linear mixed models and landscape covariates extracted from digital maps. The results showed the direction of asymmetric dispersal was consistent with source-sink population structure. I also discovered that the asymmetry in dispersal was influenced more by anthropogenic landscape change than by naturally occurring habitat heterogeneity. Intact landscapes were net exporters of dispersing logrunners while landscapes heavily impacted by rainforest clearing were net importers of individuals. Elevated immigration rates into landscapes impacted by rainforest clearing appeared to arrest population declines in accordance with the rescue effect. The primary conclusion emerging from the study of patch occupancy and dispersal was that logrunner populations in South East Queensland conformed to a mainland-island metapopulation. Asymmetric dispersal from the largest expanse of upland rainforest appeared to prevent fragmented rainforests in close proximity from going locally extinct. While the distribution of logrunners was limited by the spatial configuration of rainforest patches, other rainforest birds exhibited variable responses to scale of habitat modification. The most consistent pattern was several species dropping-out of the community in degraded stands affected by selective timber harvest. Deforestation at the landscape scale also played a role in the extremely low patch occupancy rates of Albert’s lyrebirds (Menura alberti) and green catbirds (Ailuroedus crassirostris).

The local extinction of habitat patches and dispersal between the patches are important processes structuring animal populations in heterogeneous environments. Understanding these two processes is crucial for the conservation of wildlife populations in landscapes impacted by human land-use. Approximately 50% of the subtropical rainforest in South East Queensland, Australia has been lost to deforestation over the last 100 years. While large areas of rainforest are reserved, little is known about the distribution and population status of rainforest birds within smaller remnants in the region. The overall research problem for this thesis was to understand how deforestation and fragmentation of subtropical rainforest affects the occurrence of rainforest birds and the effective dispersal of a rainforest-restricted species, the logrunner (Orthonyx temminckii). Understanding why some bird species are lost from habitat patches while others remain will lead to improved conservation of extinction prone species in fragmented landscapes. Although the mechanisms underlying local extinctions are well established in temperate systems, the relative importance of local and regional processes on species occurrence in subtropical and tropical rainforests is poorly understood. Chapter 2 investigated the relative effects of life history and scale of habitat modification on avian site occupancy using observational data collected at 46 rainforest sites in South East Queensland. A probabilistic model for the joint site occupancy of 29 bird species was used to evaluate hypotheses for the effects of avian life history traits on the occurrence of multiple species. The single-species occurrence models incorporated habitat effects on detection, which may be especially important in rainforests because dense vegetation and idiosyncratic occurrence of species can interfere with sampling. Occupancy rates for each species were modelled to determine the relative influence of process operating at the stand, landscape and patch scales. The life history analysis indicated taxonomic Family, body mass, migratory strategy and feeding strata had large effects on avian site occupancy, whereas abundance traits such as mean density and extent of occurrence showed little predictive ability. After accounting for correlated extinction risk attributed to life history, the degradation of stand structure at the local scale was more important for species richness than habitat modification at landscape or patch scales. While individual species showed various responses to the different scales of habitat modification, the distribution of many species was limited by vegetation structure at the landscape scale. Maintaining stand basal area and restoring degraded rainforests at the local scale will increase the probability of occupancy for members of the rainforest bird community. However, revegetation and retention of forest cover at the landscape scale may be necessary for the successful colonisation of many species. Chapter 3 introduced a predictive hypothesis-driven approach for quantifying the relative contribution of historic and contemporary processes to genetic connectivity. Current analytic frameworks in population genetics have difficulty evaluating meaningful hypotheses about spatial processes in dynamic landscapes. Confronting genetic data with models of historic and contemporary landscapes allowed the identification of dispersal processes operating in naturally heterogeneous and human-altered systems. Two measures of indirect gene flow were estimated from microsatellite polymorphism among 11 logrunner populations. Of particular interest was how much information in the genetic data was attributable to processes occurring in a reconstructed historic landscape and a contemporary human-modified landscape. A linear mixed model was used to estimate appropriate sampling variance from non-independent data and information-theoretic model selection provided strength of evidence for alternate hypotheses. The historic and contemporary landscapes explained an equal proportion of variation in genetic differentiation and there was considerable evidence for a temporal shift in dispersal pattern. Migration rates estimated from genealogical information were primarily influenced by contemporary landscape change. Landscape heterogeneity appeared to facilitate gene flow prior to European settlement, but contemporary deforestation is rapidly becoming the most important barrier to logrunner dispersal. Understanding asymmetric dispersal is becoming an important consideration for the conservation metapopulations. Populations acting as net exporters of dispersing animals may be able to rescue local populations from extinction and allow metapopulations to persist in degraded landscapes impacted by habitat loss. In Chapter 4, I estimated bidirectional migration rates from genetic data to infer dispersal among 11 logrunner populations. The first question posed was, does logrunner dispersal correspond to the source-sink or balanced model of dispersal? The second question involved determining the strength of evidence for two hypotheses about how landscape structure has affected asymmetric dispersal. Hypothesis one proposed that asymmetric dispersal was primarily influenced by naturally occurring habitat heterogeneity. Hypothesis two asserted that asymmetric dispersal was predominantly influenced by anthropogenic landscape change. The data were confronted with the alternate hypotheses using linear mixed models and landscape covariates extracted from digital maps. The results showed the direction of asymmetric dispersal was consistent with source-sink population structure. I also discovered that the asymmetry in dispersal was influenced more by anthropogenic landscape change than by naturally occurring habitat heterogeneity. Intact landscapes were net exporters of dispersing logrunners while landscapes heavily impacted by rainforest clearing were net importers of individuals. Elevated immigration rates into landscapes impacted by rainforest clearing appeared to arrest population declines in accordance with the rescue effect. The primary conclusion emerging from the study of patch occupancy and dispersal was that logrunner populations in South East Queensland conformed to a mainland-island metapopulation. Asymmetric dispersal from the largest expanse of upland rainforest appeared to prevent fragmented rainforests in close proximity from going locally extinct. While the distribution of logrunners was limited by the spatial configuration of rainforest patches, other rainforest birds exhibited variable responses to scale of habitat modification. The most consistent pattern was several species dropping-out of the community in degraded stands affected by selective timber harvest. Deforestation at the landscape scale also played a role in the extremely low patch occupancy rates of Albert’s lyrebirds (Menura alberti) and green catbirds (Ailuroedus crassirostris).

The local extinction of habitat patches and dispersal between the patches are important processes structuring animal populations in heterogeneous environments. Understanding these two processes is crucial for the conservation of wildlife populations in landscapes impacted by human land-use. Approximately 50% of the subtropical rainforest in South East Queensland, Australia has been lost to deforestation over the last 100 years. While large areas of rainforest are reserved, little is known about the distribution and population status of rainforest birds within smaller remnants in the region. The overall research problem for this thesis was to understand how deforestation and fragmentation of subtropical rainforest affects the occurrence of rainforest birds and the effective dispersal of a rainforest-restricted species, the logrunner (Orthonyx temminckii). Understanding why some bird species are lost from habitat patches while others remain will lead to improved conservation of extinction prone species in fragmented landscapes. Although the mechanisms underlying local extinctions are well established in temperate systems, the relative importance of local and regional processes on species occurrence in subtropical and tropical rainforests is poorly understood. Chapter 2 investigated the relative effects of life history and scale of habitat modification on avian site occupancy using observational data collected at 46 rainforest sites in South East Queensland. A probabilistic model for the joint site occupancy of 29 bird species was used to evaluate hypotheses for the effects of avian life history traits on the occurrence of multiple species. The single-species occurrence models incorporated habitat effects on detection, which may be especially important in rainforests because dense vegetation and idiosyncratic occurrence of species can interfere with sampling. Occupancy rates for each species were modelled to determine the relative influence of process operating at the stand, landscape and patch scales. The life history analysis indicated taxonomic Family, body mass, migratory strategy and feeding strata had large effects on avian site occupancy, whereas abundance traits such as mean density and extent of occurrence showed little predictive ability. After accounting for correlated extinction risk attributed to life history, the degradation of stand structure at the local scale was more important for species richness than habitat modification at landscape or patch scales. While individual species showed various responses to the different scales of habitat modification, the distribution of many species was limited by vegetation structure at the landscape scale. Maintaining stand basal area and restoring degraded rainforests at the local scale will increase the probability of occupancy for members of the rainforest bird community. However, revegetation and retention of forest cover at the landscape scale may be necessary for the successful colonisation of many species. Chapter 3 introduced a predictive hypothesis-driven approach for quantifying the relative contribution of historic and contemporary processes to genetic connectivity. Current analytic frameworks in population genetics have difficulty evaluating meaningful hypotheses about spatial processes in dynamic landscapes. Confronting genetic data with models of historic and contemporary landscapes allowed the identification of dispersal processes operating in naturally heterogeneous and human-altered systems. Two measures of indirect gene flow were estimated from microsatellite polymorphism among 11 logrunner populations. Of particular interest was how much information in the genetic data was attributable to processes occurring in a reconstructed historic landscape and a contemporary human-modified landscape. A linear mixed model was used to estimate appropriate sampling variance from non-independent data and information-theoretic model selection provided strength of evidence for alternate hypotheses. The historic and contemporary landscapes explained an equal proportion of variation in genetic differentiation and there was considerable evidence for a temporal shift in dispersal pattern. Migration rates estimated from genealogical information were primarily influenced by contemporary landscape change. Landscape heterogeneity appeared to facilitate gene flow prior to European settlement, but contemporary deforestation is rapidly becoming the most important barrier to logrunner dispersal. Understanding asymmetric dispersal is becoming an important consideration for the conservation metapopulations. Populations acting as net exporters of dispersing animals may be able to rescue local populations from extinction and allow metapopulations to persist in degraded landscapes impacted by habitat loss. In Chapter 4, I estimated bidirectional migration rates from genetic data to infer dispersal among 11 logrunner populations. The first question posed was, does logrunner dispersal correspond to the source-sink or balanced model of dispersal? The second question involved determining the strength of evidence for two hypotheses about how landscape structure has affected asymmetric dispersal. Hypothesis one proposed that asymmetric dispersal was primarily influenced by naturally occurring habitat heterogeneity. Hypothesis two asserted that asymmetric dispersal was predominantly influenced by anthropogenic landscape change. The data were confronted with the alternate hypotheses using linear mixed models and landscape covariates extracted from digital maps. The results showed the direction of asymmetric dispersal was consistent with source-sink population structure. I also discovered that the asymmetry in dispersal was influenced more by anthropogenic landscape change than by naturally occurring habitat heterogeneity. Intact landscapes were net exporters of dispersing logrunners while landscapes heavily impacted by rainforest clearing were net importers of individuals. Elevated immigration rates into landscapes impacted by rainforest clearing appeared to arrest population declines in accordance with the rescue effect. The primary conclusion emerging from the study of patch occupancy and dispersal was that logrunner populations in South East Queensland conformed to a mainland-island metapopulation. Asymmetric dispersal from the largest expanse of upland rainforest appeared to prevent fragmented rainforests in close proximity from going locally extinct. While the distribution of logrunners was limited by the spatial configuration of rainforest patches, other rainforest birds exhibited variable responses to scale of habitat modification. The most consistent pattern was several species dropping-out of the community in degraded stands affected by selective timber harvest. Deforestation at the landscape scale also played a role in the extremely low patch occupancy rates of Albert’s lyrebirds (Menura alberti) and green catbirds (Ailuroedus crassirostris).