The local extinction of habitat patches and dispersal between the patches are important processes structuring animal populations in heterogeneous environments. Understanding these two processes is crucial for the conservation of wildlife populations in landscapes impacted by human land-use. Approximately 50% of the subtropical rainforest in South East Queensland, Australia has been lost to deforestation over the last 100 years. While large areas of rainforest are reserved, little is known about the distribution and population status of rainforest birds within smaller remnants in the region. The overall research problem for this thesis was to understand how deforestation and fragmentation of subtropical rainforest affects the occurrence of rainforest birds and the effective dispersal of a rainforest-restricted species, the logrunner (Orthonyx temminckii). Understanding why some bird species are lost from habitat patches while others remain will lead to improved conservation of extinction prone species in fragmented landscapes. Although the mechanisms underlying local extinctions are well established in temperate systems, the relative importance of local and regional processes on species occurrence in subtropical and tropical rainforests is poorly understood. Chapter 2 investigated the relative effects of life history and scale of habitat modification on avian site occupancy using observational data collected at 46 rainforest sites in South East Queensland. A probabilistic model for the joint site occupancy of 29 bird species was used to evaluate hypotheses for the effects of avian life history traits on the occurrence of multiple species. The single-species occurrence models incorporated habitat effects on detection, which may be especially important in rainforests because dense vegetation and idiosyncratic occurrence of species can interfere with sampling. Occupancy rates for each species were modelled to determine the relative influence of process operating at the stand, landscape and patch scales. The life history analysis indicated taxonomic Family, body mass, migratory strategy and feeding strata had large effects on avian site occupancy, whereas abundance traits such as mean density and extent of occurrence showed little predictive ability. After accounting for correlated extinction risk attributed to life history, the degradation of stand structure at the local scale was more important for species richness than habitat modification at landscape or patch scales. While individual species showed various responses to the different scales of habitat modification, the distribution of many species was limited by vegetation structure at the landscape scale. Maintaining stand basal area and restoring degraded rainforests at the local scale will increase the probability of occupancy for members of the rainforest bird community. However, revegetation and retention of forest cover at the landscape scale may be necessary for the successful colonisation of many species. Chapter 3 introduced a predictive hypothesis-driven approach for quantifying the relative contribution of historic and contemporary processes to genetic connectivity. Current analytic frameworks in population genetics have difficulty evaluating meaningful hypotheses about spatial processes in dynamic landscapes. Confronting genetic data with models of historic and contemporary landscapes allowed the identification of dispersal processes operating in naturally heterogeneous and human-altered systems. Two measures of indirect gene flow were estimated from microsatellite polymorphism among 11 logrunner populations. Of particular interest was how much information in the genetic data was attributable to processes occurring in a reconstructed historic landscape and a contemporary human-modified landscape. A linear mixed model was used to estimate appropriate sampling variance from non-independent data and information-theoretic model selection provided strength of evidence for alternate hypotheses. The historic and contemporary landscapes explained an equal proportion of variation in genetic differentiation and there was considerable evidence for a temporal shift in dispersal pattern. Migration rates estimated from genealogical information were primarily influenced by contemporary landscape change. Landscape heterogeneity appeared to facilitate gene flow prior to European settlement, but contemporary deforestation is rapidly becoming the most important barrier to logrunner dispersal. Understanding asymmetric dispersal is becoming an important consideration for the conservation metapopulations. Populations acting as net exporters of dispersing animals may be able to rescue local populations from extinction and allow metapopulations to persist in degraded landscapes impacted by habitat loss. In Chapter 4, I estimated bidirectional migration rates from genetic data to infer dispersal among 11 logrunner populations. The first question posed was, does logrunner dispersal correspond to the source-sink or balanced model of dispersal? The second question involved determining the strength of evidence for two hypotheses about how landscape structure has affected asymmetric dispersal. Hypothesis one proposed that asymmetric dispersal was primarily influenced by naturally occurring habitat heterogeneity. Hypothesis two asserted that asymmetric dispersal was predominantly influenced by anthropogenic landscape change. The data were confronted with the alternate hypotheses using linear mixed models and landscape covariates extracted from digital maps. The results showed the direction of asymmetric dispersal was consistent with source-sink population structure. I also discovered that the asymmetry in dispersal was influenced more by anthropogenic landscape change than by naturally occurring habitat heterogeneity. Intact landscapes were net exporters of dispersing logrunners while landscapes heavily impacted by rainforest clearing were net importers of individuals. Elevated immigration rates into landscapes impacted by rainforest clearing appeared to arrest population declines in accordance with the rescue effect. The primary conclusion emerging from the study of patch occupancy and dispersal was that logrunner populations in South East Queensland conformed to a mainland-island metapopulation. Asymmetric dispersal from the largest expanse of upland rainforest appeared to prevent fragmented rainforests in close proximity from going locally extinct. While the distribution of logrunners was limited by the spatial configuration of rainforest patches, other rainforest birds exhibited variable responses to scale of habitat modification. The most consistent pattern was several species dropping-out of the community in degraded stands affected by selective timber harvest. Deforestation at the landscape scale also played a role in the extremely low patch occupancy rates of Albert’s lyrebirds (Menura alberti) and green catbirds (Ailuroedus crassirostris).

The local extinction of habitat patches and dispersal between the patches are important processes structuring animal populations in heterogeneous environments. Understanding these two processes is crucial for the conservation of wildlife populations in landscapes impacted by human land-use. Approximately 50% of the subtropical rainforest in South East Queensland, Australia has been lost to deforestation over the last 100 years. While large areas of rainforest are reserved, little is known about the distribution and population status of rainforest birds within smaller remnants in the region. The overall research problem for this thesis was to understand how deforestation and fragmentation of subtropical rainforest affects the occurrence of rainforest birds and the effective dispersal of a rainforest-restricted species, the logrunner (Orthonyx temminckii). Understanding why some bird species are lost from habitat patches while others remain will lead to improved conservation of extinction prone species in fragmented landscapes. Although the mechanisms underlying local extinctions are well established in temperate systems, the relative importance of local and regional processes on species occurrence in subtropical and tropical rainforests is poorly understood. Chapter 2 investigated the relative effects of life history and scale of habitat modification on avian site occupancy using observational data collected at 46 rainforest sites in South East Queensland. A probabilistic model for the joint site occupancy of 29 bird species was used to evaluate hypotheses for the effects of avian life history traits on the occurrence of multiple species. The single-species occurrence models incorporated habitat effects on detection, which may be especially important in rainforests because dense vegetation and idiosyncratic occurrence of species can interfere with sampling. Occupancy rates for each species were modelled to determine the relative influence of process operating at the stand, landscape and patch scales. The life history analysis indicated taxonomic Family, body mass, migratory strategy and feeding strata had large effects on avian site occupancy, whereas abundance traits such as mean density and extent of occurrence showed little predictive ability. After accounting for correlated extinction risk attributed to life history, the degradation of stand structure at the local scale was more important for species richness than habitat modification at landscape or patch scales. While individual species showed various responses to the different scales of habitat modification, the distribution of many species was limited by vegetation structure at the landscape scale. Maintaining stand basal area and restoring degraded rainforests at the local scale will increase the probability of occupancy for members of the rainforest bird community. However, revegetation and retention of forest cover at the landscape scale may be necessary for the successful colonisation of many species. Chapter 3 introduced a predictive hypothesis-driven approach for quantifying the relative contribution of historic and contemporary processes to genetic connectivity. Current analytic frameworks in population genetics have difficulty evaluating meaningful hypotheses about spatial processes in dynamic landscapes. Confronting genetic data with models of historic and contemporary landscapes allowed the identification of dispersal processes operating in naturally heterogeneous and human-altered systems. Two measures of indirect gene flow were estimated from microsatellite polymorphism among 11 logrunner populations. Of particular interest was how much information in the genetic data was attributable to processes occurring in a reconstructed historic landscape and a contemporary human-modified landscape. A linear mixed model was used to estimate appropriate sampling variance from non-independent data and information-theoretic model selection provided strength of evidence for alternate hypotheses. The historic and contemporary landscapes explained an equal proportion of variation in genetic differentiation and there was considerable evidence for a temporal shift in dispersal pattern. Migration rates estimated from genealogical information were primarily influenced by contemporary landscape change. Landscape heterogeneity appeared to facilitate gene flow prior to European settlement, but contemporary deforestation is rapidly becoming the most important barrier to logrunner dispersal. Understanding asymmetric dispersal is becoming an important consideration for the conservation metapopulations. Populations acting as net exporters of dispersing animals may be able to rescue local populations from extinction and allow metapopulations to persist in degraded landscapes impacted by habitat loss. In Chapter 4, I estimated bidirectional migration rates from genetic data to infer dispersal among 11 logrunner populations. The first question posed was, does logrunner dispersal correspond to the source-sink or balanced model of dispersal? The second question involved determining the strength of evidence for two hypotheses about how landscape structure has affected asymmetric dispersal. Hypothesis one proposed that asymmetric dispersal was primarily influenced by naturally occurring habitat heterogeneity. Hypothesis two asserted that asymmetric dispersal was predominantly influenced by anthropogenic landscape change. The data were confronted with the alternate hypotheses using linear mixed models and landscape covariates extracted from digital maps. The results showed the direction of asymmetric dispersal was consistent with source-sink population structure. I also discovered that the asymmetry in dispersal was influenced more by anthropogenic landscape change than by naturally occurring habitat heterogeneity. Intact landscapes were net exporters of dispersing logrunners while landscapes heavily impacted by rainforest clearing were net importers of individuals. Elevated immigration rates into landscapes impacted by rainforest clearing appeared to arrest population declines in accordance with the rescue effect. The primary conclusion emerging from the study of patch occupancy and dispersal was that logrunner populations in South East Queensland conformed to a mainland-island metapopulation. Asymmetric dispersal from the largest expanse of upland rainforest appeared to prevent fragmented rainforests in close proximity from going locally extinct. While the distribution of logrunners was limited by the spatial configuration of rainforest patches, other rainforest birds exhibited variable responses to scale of habitat modification. The most consistent pattern was several species dropping-out of the community in degraded stands affected by selective timber harvest. Deforestation at the landscape scale also played a role in the extremely low patch occupancy rates of Albert’s lyrebirds (Menura alberti) and green catbirds (Ailuroedus crassirostris).

The local extinction of habitat patches and dispersal between the patches are important processes structuring animal populations in heterogeneous environments. Understanding these two processes is crucial for the conservation of wildlife populations in landscapes impacted by human land-use. Approximately 50% of the subtropical rainforest in South East Queensland, Australia has been lost to deforestation over the last 100 years. While large areas of rainforest are reserved, little is known about the distribution and population status of rainforest birds within smaller remnants in the region. The overall research problem for this thesis was to understand how deforestation and fragmentation of subtropical rainforest affects the occurrence of rainforest birds and the effective dispersal of a rainforest-restricted species, the logrunner (Orthonyx temminckii). Understanding why some bird species are lost from habitat patches while others remain will lead to improved conservation of extinction prone species in fragmented landscapes. Although the mechanisms underlying local extinctions are well established in temperate systems, the relative importance of local and regional processes on species occurrence in subtropical and tropical rainforests is poorly understood. Chapter 2 investigated the relative effects of life history and scale of habitat modification on avian site occupancy using observational data collected at 46 rainforest sites in South East Queensland. A probabilistic model for the joint site occupancy of 29 bird species was used to evaluate hypotheses for the effects of avian life history traits on the occurrence of multiple species. The single-species occurrence models incorporated habitat effects on detection, which may be especially important in rainforests because dense vegetation and idiosyncratic occurrence of species can interfere with sampling. Occupancy rates for each species were modelled to determine the relative influence of process operating at the stand, landscape and patch scales. The life history analysis indicated taxonomic Family, body mass, migratory strategy and feeding strata had large effects on avian site occupancy, whereas abundance traits such as mean density and extent of occurrence showed little predictive ability. After accounting for correlated extinction risk attributed to life history, the degradation of stand structure at the local scale was more important for species richness than habitat modification at landscape or patch scales. While individual species showed various responses to the different scales of habitat modification, the distribution of many species was limited by vegetation structure at the landscape scale. Maintaining stand basal area and restoring degraded rainforests at the local scale will increase the probability of occupancy for members of the rainforest bird community. However, revegetation and retention of forest cover at the landscape scale may be necessary for the successful colonisation of many species. Chapter 3 introduced a predictive hypothesis-driven approach for quantifying the relative contribution of historic and contemporary processes to genetic connectivity. Current analytic frameworks in population genetics have difficulty evaluating meaningful hypotheses about spatial processes in dynamic landscapes. Confronting genetic data with models of historic and contemporary landscapes allowed the identification of dispersal processes operating in naturally heterogeneous and human-altered systems. Two measures of indirect gene flow were estimated from microsatellite polymorphism among 11 logrunner populations. Of particular interest was how much information in the genetic data was attributable to processes occurring in a reconstructed historic landscape and a contemporary human-modified landscape. A linear mixed model was used to estimate appropriate sampling variance from non-independent data and information-theoretic model selection provided strength of evidence for alternate hypotheses. The historic and contemporary landscapes explained an equal proportion of variation in genetic differentiation and there was considerable evidence for a temporal shift in dispersal pattern. Migration rates estimated from genealogical information were primarily influenced by contemporary landscape change. Landscape heterogeneity appeared to facilitate gene flow prior to European settlement, but contemporary deforestation is rapidly becoming the most important barrier to logrunner dispersal. Understanding asymmetric dispersal is becoming an important consideration for the conservation metapopulations. Populations acting as net exporters of dispersing animals may be able to rescue local populations from extinction and allow metapopulations to persist in degraded landscapes impacted by habitat loss. In Chapter 4, I estimated bidirectional migration rates from genetic data to infer dispersal among 11 logrunner populations. The first question posed was, does logrunner dispersal correspond to the source-sink or balanced model of dispersal? The second question involved determining the strength of evidence for two hypotheses about how landscape structure has affected asymmetric dispersal. Hypothesis one proposed that asymmetric dispersal was primarily influenced by naturally occurring habitat heterogeneity. Hypothesis two asserted that asymmetric dispersal was predominantly influenced by anthropogenic landscape change. The data were confronted with the alternate hypotheses using linear mixed models and landscape covariates extracted from digital maps. The results showed the direction of asymmetric dispersal was consistent with source-sink population structure. I also discovered that the asymmetry in dispersal was influenced more by anthropogenic landscape change than by naturally occurring habitat heterogeneity. Intact landscapes were net exporters of dispersing logrunners while landscapes heavily impacted by rainforest clearing were net importers of individuals. Elevated immigration rates into landscapes impacted by rainforest clearing appeared to arrest population declines in accordance with the rescue effect. The primary conclusion emerging from the study of patch occupancy and dispersal was that logrunner populations in South East Queensland conformed to a mainland-island metapopulation. Asymmetric dispersal from the largest expanse of upland rainforest appeared to prevent fragmented rainforests in close proximity from going locally extinct. While the distribution of logrunners was limited by the spatial configuration of rainforest patches, other rainforest birds exhibited variable responses to scale of habitat modification. The most consistent pattern was several species dropping-out of the community in degraded stands affected by selective timber harvest. Deforestation at the landscape scale also played a role in the extremely low patch occupancy rates of Albert’s lyrebirds (Menura alberti) and green catbirds (Ailuroedus crassirostris).

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The purpose of this work was to evaluate the development of Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.) Morong seedlings produced with different substrates combined with irrigation water blade. The study was developed in the Tree Nursery of the Department of Forest Sciences at the Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM-Universidade Federal de Santa Maria). The seeds used were collected from donor trees in the region of Santa Maria (RS). The substrates used were peat-based commercial (CS) and the mixture of the latter with carbonized rice husks (CRH), forming the following treatments: S1 (100% CS), S2 (80% CS + 20% CRH), S3 (60% CS + 40% CRH) and S4 (40% CS + 60% CRH) and the gross blades of daily irrigation water - GB-Gross Blades were 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 mm.day-1. The design used was randomized blocks (four blocks) in a factorial scheme. The parameters height (H), stem diameter (SD) and H/SD ratio were obtained in a factorial scheme 4x5x4. For the aerial dry mass (ADM), root dry mass (RDM), total dry mass (TDM), ADM/RDM ratio and Dickson Quality Index (DQI), the factorial 4x5 was used respectively for the factors CS and irrigation blade, these parameters were obtained 150 days after sowing. One hundred and twenty days after sowing, the physiological parameters, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and carotenoids were evaluated and correlated with the morphological ones (H, SD and H/SD), also seen at 120 days. In this analysis we used 4x3 factorial, represented by four substrates and three blades gross daily irrigation (4, 12 and 20 mm.dia-1). The results indicated that the substrate based on peat mixed with 20% carbonized rice husk, when combined with gross irrigation blade of 8 mm.day-1 provides the appropriate seedlings Enterolobium contortisiliquum growth with greater economy of water and substrate. The correlation of morphological and physiological parameters observed in seedlings is low, so H, SD and H/SD may not be used for reference on the contents of chlorophyll. At 120 days after sowing, the height was greater in the 4 and 12 mm.day-1, possibly because 8 mm.day-1 was not used for analysis, while the diameter proved superior at S1 and S2, confirming the response at 150 days. As to the chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, they were larger when the seedlings received smaller amounts of water daily, indicating that the greater water blade compromised the seedling development and 20% of rice husk mixed with peat. / Este trabalho objetivou avaliar o desenvolvimento de mudas de Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.) Morong produzido sob diferentes substratos combinados com lâminas de irrigação. O trabalho foi desenvolvido no Viveiro Florestal, do Departamento de Ciências Florestais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM). Foram utilizadas sementes coletadas de árvores matrizes na região de Santa Maria (RS). Os substratos utilizados foram comercial a base de turfa (SC) e a mistura deste à casca de arroz carbonizada (CAC), constituindo os seguintes tratamentos: S1 (100% SC), S2 (80% SC + 20% CAC), S3 (60% SC + 40% CAC) e S4 (40% SC + 60% CAC) e as lâminas brutas de irrigação diária LB foram de 4, 8, 12, 16 e 20 mm.dia-1. O delineamento utilizado foi blocos casualizados (quatro blocos) em esquema fatorial. Os parâmetros altura (H), diâmetro do coleto (DC) e relação H/DC foram obtidos em esquema fatorial 4x5x4. Para a massa seca aérea (MSA), massa seca radicular (MSR), massa seca total (MST), relação MSA/MSR e Ìndice de Qualidade de Dickson (IQD), utilizou o fatorial 4x5, respectivamente para os fatores SC e lâmina de irrigação, parâmetros que foram obtidos 150 dias após semeadura. Aos 120 dias após semeadura foram avaliados os parâmetros fisiológicos teor de clorofila a, clorofila b, clorofila total e carotenoides, os quais foram correlacionados aos morfológicos (H, DC e H/DC), também observados aos 120 dias. Nesta análise utilizou-se fatorial 4x3, representado pelos 4 substratos e 3 lâminas brutas de irrigação diária (4, 12 e 20 mm.dia-1). Os resultados indicaram que o substrato a base de turfa misturado com 20% de casca de arroz carbonizada, quando combinado com lâmina bruta de irrigação de 8 mm.dia-1 proporciona crescimento adequado às mudas de Enterolobium contortisiliquum, com maior economia de água e substrato. A correlação dos parâmetros morfológicos e fisiológicos observada nas mudas é baixa, assim H, D e H/DC não podem ser utilizados para referenciar sobre os teores de clorofila. Aos 120 dias após semeadura, a altura foi maior nas irrigações de 4 e 12 mm.dia-1, possivelmente, porque 8 mm.dia-1 não foi utilizada na análise, enquanto o diâmetro mostrou-se superior em S1 e S2, confirmando a resposta aos 150 dias. Em relação aos teores de clorofilas e carotenoides, estes foram maiores quando as mudas receberam menores quantidades de água diariamente, indicando que a maior lâmina compromete o desenvolvimento das mudas e com 20% de casca de arroz misturado à turfa.

Submitted by Claudia Rocha (claudia.rocha@udesc.br) on 2017-12-13T13:00:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PGEF17MA075.pdf: 2618024 bytes, checksum: d2a8781e299067e8fc5f0691bd03b8a5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-13T13:00:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PGEF17MA075.pdf: 2618024 bytes, checksum: d2a8781e299067e8fc5f0691bd03b8a5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-17 / Capes / The objective of this study was to determine method to the rescue of vegetative material of adult plants of P. willdenovii and evaluate the spread of this material, via tissue culture. The work was conducted with 20 P. willdenovii matrices located in Urupema / SC (28°17'38 ''S, 49°55'54''W). In the vegetative rescue, the following techniques were tested: trunk annealing (100%), semianelation at 75% of the trunk circumference, semianelation at 50% trunk and the induction of shoots from pruned branches. The shoots were harvested at 90, 120, 150, 180, 210 and 240 days after application of the treatments. Sprouts were used in the in vitro culture technique. In the establishment of shoots, asepsis methods were tested: 15 and 20 minutes of contact with sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) (2% v v-1) and the presence / absence of the PPM® biocide (1,5mL L-1) In the culture medium. For in vitro multiplication, two culture media (MS and WPM) and BAP concentration (0, 2, 4 and 6 mg L-1) were tested. Also, the induction of calogenesis by foliar explant was tested in the treatments: position of contact of the foliar face with the culture medium (up and down) and the combination of the BAP and ANA phytoregulators in different concentrations (0 to 12 mg L-1). All vegetative material rescue techniques emitted new shoots, with emphasis on the pruned branches method, which presented the best results for sprouting percentage, number and length of shoots. In vitro culture, asepsis of explants with NaClO for 20 minutes and addition of PPM® in the medium resulted in lower rates of fungal (50%), bacterial (5%), oxidation (23%) and higher survival (76%) of the explants. In vitro multiplication, explants in MS medium had higher oxidation (48%) and lower survival (52%) when compared to WPM medium (26% and 74%, respectively). For the average number of shoots and leaves, the concentration of 3 mg L-1 BAP reached the highest technical efficiency (MET) (1.22 and 1.75 mg L-1, respectively). Foliar segments were not responsive in inducing calogenesis after 120 days of in vitro culture. In this way, it is indicated for the vegetative rescue of P. willdenovii the method of pruned branches. While for in vitro propagation, the use of NaClO (2% v v-1) for 20 minutes and the PPM® biocide (1.5 ml L-1) in the culture medium is recommended in the establishment phase and The use of WPM medium plus 3 mg L-1 of BAP in the multiplication phase. / O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar método para o resgate de material vegetativo de plantas adultas de P. willdenovii e avaliar a propagação deste material, via cultura de tecidos. Foram utilizadas 20 árvores matrizes de P. willdenovii localizadas no município de Urupema/SC (28°17'38''S; 49°55'54''W). No resgate vegetativo, foram testadas as seguintes técnicas: anelamento do tronco, semianelamento em 75% da circunferência do tronco, semianelamento em 50% e galhos podados. As coletas das brotações foram realizadas aos 90, 120, 150, 180, 210 e 240 dias após a aplicação dos tratamentos. As brotações foram utilizadas na técnica de cultivo in vitro. No estabelecimento testaram-se métodos de assepsia: 15 e 20 minutos de contato com hipoclorito de sódio (NaClO) (2% v v-1) e a presença/ausência do biocida PPM® (1,5mL L-1) no meio de cultura. Para a multiplicação in vitro, foram testados meios de cultura (MS e WPM) e doses de BAP (0, 2, 4 e 6 mg L-1). Também, foi testada a indução de calogênese via explante foliar, nos tratamentos: posição de contato da face foliar com o meio de cultivo (abaxial e adaxial) e a combinação dos fitorreguladores BAP e ANA em diferentes concentrações (de 0 a 12 mg L-1). Todas as técnicas de resgate de material vegetativo emitiram novos brotos, com destaque para o método via galhos podados que apresentou os melhores resultados para porcentagem de brotação, número e comprimento de brotos. No cultivo in vitro, a assepsia dos explantes com NaClO por 20 minutos e a adição do PPM® no meio resultou em menores índices de contaminação fúngica (50%), bacteriana (5%), oxidação (23%) e maior sobrevivência (76%) dos explantes. Na multiplicação in vitro, os explantes em meio MS tiveram maior oxidação (48%) e menor sobrevivência (52%) quando comparado ao meio WPM (26% e 74%, respectivamente). Para o número médio de brotos e de folhas, a concentração de 3 mg L-1 BAP atingiu a máxima eficiência técnica (MET) (1,22 e 1,75 mg L-1, respectivamente). Os segmentos foliares não foram responsivos na indução de calogênese após 120 dias de cultivo in vitro. Desta forma, indica-se para o resgate vegetativo de P. willdenovii o método de galhos podados. Enquanto que, para a propagação in vitro, recomenda-se o uso de NaClO (2% v v-1) durante 20 minutos e do biocida PPM® (1,5 ml L-1) no meio de cultura na fase de estabelecimento e a utilização do meio WPM acrescido de 3 mg L-1 de BAP na fase de multiplicação

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The aim of this research was to characterize the development of Casearia sylvestris, Cupania vernalis, Eugenia involucrata, Inga vera, Parapiptadenia rigida and Schinus terebinthifolius in relation to the incidence of frost and the use of different silvicultural practices in altered areas in the South Atlantic Forest Biome. The planting was carried out in Nova Palma, RS, in two riparian areas. In the first experiment, the treatments were distributed in a factorial design (2 x 2) [two types of containers (180 cm3 polypropylene conical tubes and 1.500 cm3 polyethylene bags)], and presence or absence of green manure (Canavalia ensiformis and Vicia sativa)]. In the second experiment, factorial design (3 x 2) was used, considering two types of fertilization and control (chemical fertilization, organic fertilization and absence of fertilization) x soil cover (presence or absence of mulching). In both experiments, survival, morphological attributes (height, steam diameter, tree canopy, shoot dry weight and leaf area) and physiological (chlorophyll a fluorescence, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoid content, acid phosphatase, soluble phosphorus content, superoxide dismutase and hydrogen peroxide) were evaluated. During 2014 winter season, the damage from the impact of frost was assessed through a rating scale ranging from 0 (100% of the leaf area and damaged stem) to 10 (no visual damage). It was also evaluated the potential of growth recover species, characterized as resilience. In addition, soil physical parameters in the experimental and adjacent areas were evaluated at the end of the study, at 720 and 900 days after planting (experiment 1 and 2, respectively). The forest species respond differently to frost incidence. C. sylvestris, E. involucrata, P. rigida and S. terebinthifolius were tolerant to frost and/or showed potential for growth recovery, on the other hand, C. vernalis and I. vera were more sensitive to frost, with high mortality rates and/or no resilience potential. Survival rate was higher than 77%, regardless of the factors tested, except for C. vernalis (61%) and E. involucrata (80%) that showed higher survival when mulching was used on the soil. The species presented higher growth when they were produced in larger containers volume and with introduction of the green manure. In addition, chemical fertilization, through controlled release fertilizer, positively influenced the growth in the field, increasing the development of the seedlings, in order to minimize possible damages due biotic and/or abiotic stresses. The presence of mulching did not show any effect on the growth of all species analyzed. In a complementary way, analysis of the environments in the experimental areas evidenced improvements in the physical quality of the soil, contributing to the return of equilibrium of these ecosystems. / O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi caracterizar o desenvolvimento de Casearia sylvestris, Cupania vernalis, Eugenia involucrata, Inga vera, Parapiptadenia rigida e Schinus terebinthifolius diante da incidência de geadas e utilização de diferentes práticas silviculturais, em áreas alteradas no Sul do Bioma Mata Atlântica. O plantio foi realizado em Nova Palma, RS, em duas áreas ripárias. No primeiro experimento, os tratamentos foram distribuídos em esquema fatorial (2 x 2) [dois tipos de recipiente (tubetes cônicos de polipropileno de 180 cm3 e sacos de polietileno de 1.500 cm3) x presença ou ausência de adubação verde (Canavalia ensiformis e Vicia sativa)]. No segundo experimento, utilizouse fatorial (3 x 2), considerando dois tipos de adubação e testemunha (adubação química, adubação orgânica e ausência de adubação) x cobertura do solo (presença ou ausência de cobertura morta sobre o solo). Em ambos os experimentos foi avaliada a sobrevivência, além de atributos morfológicos (altura, diâmetro do coleto, projeção de copa, matéria seca aérea e área foliar) e fisiológicos (fluorescência da clorofila a, teor de clorofila a, clorofila b e carotenoides, atividade da enzima fosfatase ácida, conteúdo de fósforo solúvel, atividade da enzima superóxido dismutase e conteúdo de peróxido de hidrogênio). No inverno de 2014, evidenciaram-se danos nas espécies devido a incidência de geadas, os quais foram avaliados mediante escala de notas variando de 0 (100% da área foliar e caule danificado) a 10 (ausência de dano visual). Também foi avaliado o potencial de retomada do crescimento das espécies, caracterizado como resiliência. Adicionalmente, foram avaliados no final da pesquisa, aos 720 e 900 dias após plantio (experimento 1 e 2, respectivamente), atributos físicos do solo nas áreas experimentais e área adjacente (campo nativo e área agrícola). Evidenciou-se que as espécies florestais respondem de forma diferenciada a ação da geada. C. sylvestris, E. involucrata, P. rigida e S. terebinthifolius mostraram-se tolerantes à geada e/ou com potencial de retomada do crescimento, no entanto, C. vernalis e I. vera foram consideradas como muito sensíveis à geada, e/ou sem potencial de resiliência. A sobrevivência foi superior a 77%, independente dos fatores testados, exceto para C. vernalis (61%), que juntamente com E. involucrata (80%) apresentaram maior sobrevivência quando utilizada cobertura morta sobre o solo. As espécies apresentaram maior crescimento quando foram produzidas em recipientes de maior volume e diante a introdução da adubação verde na área. Além disso, a adubação química, por meio de fertilizante de liberação controlada, influenciou positivamente o crescimento em campo, potencializando o desenvolvimento das mudas, de forma a minimizar possíveis danos decorrentes de estresses bióticos e/ou abióticos. A presença de cobertura morta não demonstrou efeito sobre o crescimento de todas as espécies analisadas. De forma complementar, a análise dos ambientes nas áreas experimentais evidenciou melhorias na qualidade física do solo, contribuindo para o retorno do equilíbrio desses ecossistemas.

Submitted by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2017-12-18T18:25:58Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) mariana_generoso_ferreira.pdf: 1487910 bytes, checksum: 5d8038ca69034b764ba796a3a18d0907 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-01-03T17:13:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) mariana_generoso_ferreira.pdf: 1487910 bytes, checksum: 5d8038ca69034b764ba796a3a18d0907 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-03T17:13:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) mariana_generoso_ferreira.pdf: 1487910 bytes, checksum: 5d8038ca69034b764ba796a3a18d0907 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 / O agricultor deve adequar-se ?s exig?ncias da nova legisla??o ambiental brasileira, quanto ? recupera??o de ?reas de preserva??o permanente e reserva legal. Um dos problemas que o produtor pode enfrentar ? a recupera??o de ?reas degradadas, que podem conter, entre outros contaminantes, res?duos de herbicidas. O 2,4-D e picloram s?o herbicidas hormonais mimetizadores de auxina. Entre os grupos vegetais, as esp?cies das matas ciliares t?m sido pouco relatadas quanto aos efeitos de res?duos desses herbicidas no ambiente. As an?lises micromorfol?gicas e micromorfom?tricas s?o ferramentas importantes no aux?lio do diagn?stico precoce da inj?ria, visto que modifica??es vis?veis podem aparecer em fase tardia da intoxica??o. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o desenvolvimento inicial de dez esp?cies arb?reas em substrato com res?duos da mistura de herbicidas 2,4-D+picloram e verificar os efeitos nas modifica??es anat?micas foliares de Mabea fistulifera e Zeyheria tuberculosa. Em delineamento em blocos ao acaso com tr?s repeti??es, foram distribu?dos 40 tratamentos em esquema fatorial 4x10. O primeiro fator foi composto por quatro doses da mistura comercial de 2,4-D+picloram correspondentes a 0,00; 0,166; 0,333 e 0,666 g ha-1 (Tordon?, contendo 240 g de 2,4-D e 64 g de picloram por litro). O segundo fator foi composto por dez esp?cies arb?reas: Machaerium opacum Vogel, Machaerium nyctitans (Vell.) Benth., Cassia ferruginea (Schrad.) Schrad. ex DC., Senna macranthera (DC. ex. Collad.) H.S. Irwin e Barnaby, Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.), Brenan, Senegalia polyphylla (DC.) Britton e Rose, Piptadenia gonoacantha (Mart.) J.F. Macbr., Dalbergia villosa (Benth.) Benth., Mabea fistulifera Mart. e Zeyheria tuberculosa (Vell) Bureau ex Verl. Avalia??es morfol?gicas e anat?micas em plantas jovens foram realizadas conforme a metodologia padr?o. Para as vari?veis morfol?gicas das dez esp?cies arb?reas foram avaliados: intoxica??o, sobreviv?ncia, altura das pl?ntulas, n?mero de folhas, ?rea foliar, massa seca da parte a?rea e da raiz, di?metro do caule, o volume da raiz, o ?ndice de velocidade de emerg?ncia e a emerg?ncia. Por meio de avalia??es micromorfom?tricas foram medidas, na sec??o transversal das folhas de Mabea fistulifera e Zeyheria tuberculosa, a espessura dos tecidos, a epiderme adaxial e abaxial, par?nquima pali??dico e lacunoso, al?m da l?mina total. Para a ?rea foliar foram realizadas fotografias das folhas e mensuradas com aux?lio do software Image K. As esp?cies arb?reas sobreviveram ? aplica??o do produto, com varia??o na sensibilidade. Os res?duos da mistura dos herbicidas prejudicaram a maioria das esp?cies testadas em rela??o ?s avalia??es do desenvolvimento inicial. M. fistulifera, P. gonoacantha e Z. tuberculosa apresentaram maior toler?ncia ? mistura de herbicidas. Em rela??o ? anatomia e ?rea foliar, de maneira geral, a esp?cie Z. tuberculosa foi afetada negativamente pelos herbicidas. M. fistulifera se mostrou mais tolerante ? presen?a dos contaminantes. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Ci?ncia Florestal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2017. / The farmer must adapt to the requirements of the new brazilian environmental legislation, regarding the recovery of permanent preservation areas and legal reserve. One of the problems that the producer may face is the recovery of degraded areas, which may contain, among other contaminants, herbicide residues. 2,4-D and picloram are auxin mimicking hormonal herbicides. Among the plant groups, the species of the riparian forests have been little reported as to the effects of residues of these herbicides on the environment. Micromorphological and micromorphometric analyzes are important tools to aid in the early diagnosis of injury, since visible changes may appear in the later stages of intoxication. The objective of this work was to evaluate the initial development of ten substrate tree species with residues from of the 2,4-D + picloram herbicide mixture and to verify the effects on the anatomical modifications of Mabea fistulifera and Zeyheria tuberculosa. In a randomized block design with three replicates, 40 treatments were distributed in a 4x10 factorial scheme. The first factor was composed of four doses of the commercial mixture of 2,4-D + picloram corresponding to 0,00; 0,166; 0,336 and 0,666 g ha-1 (Tordon?, containing 240 g of 2,4-D and 64 g of picloram per liter). The second factor was composed of ten tree species: Machaerium opacum Vogel, Machaerium nyctitans (Vell.) Benth., Cassia ferruginea (Schrad.) Schrad. ex DC., Senna macranthera (DC. ex. Collad.) H.S. Irwin e Barnaby, Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.), Brenan, Senegalia polyphylla (DC.) Britton e Rose, Piptadenia gonoacantha (Mart.) J.F. Macbr., Dalbergia villosa (Benth.) Benth., Mabea fistulifera Mart. and Zeyheria tuberculosa (Vell) Bureau ex Verl. Morphological and anatomical evaluations in young plants were performed according to the standard methodology. For the morphological variables of the ten tree species were evaluated: intoxication, survival, seedling height, number of leaves, leaf area, dry mass of shoot and root, stem diameter, root volume, emergency speed index and emergency. Through micromorphometric evaluations, tissue thickness, adaxial and abaxial epidermis, pali?adic and lacunacetic parenchyma were measured, in the cross section of the leaves of Mabea fistulifera and Zeyheria tuberculosa, in addition to the total lamina. For leaf area, leaf photographs were taken and measured using Image K software. Tree species survived the application of the product, with variation in sensitivity. Residues of the herbicide mixture adversely affected most of the tested species in relation to initial developmental assessments. M. fistulifera, P. gonoacantha and Z. tuberculosa presented greater tolerance to the herbicide mixture. In relation to the anatomy and leaf area, in general, the species Z. tuberculosa was negatively affected by the herbicides. M. fistulifera was more tolerant to the presence of contaminants.

The Forest Sector has an accomplishment to attend the demand for noble wood products, usually get from native Brazilian species as louro-pardo. Therefore, propagation studies of native species are necessary to produce high quality plants for commercial exploitation and to reduce deforestation pressure over remained populations of native species. The objective of this study was to develop protocols of establishment in vitro and propagation of louro-pardo. Time of seed imbibition and disinfection protocols were studied for in vitro seedling establishment. Seeds were imbibed in distilled and autoclaved water for 0, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 h. Seeds were immersed in a sodium hypochlorite solution of 5% for 30 min, submitted to tegument excision and immersed in a alcohol solution of 70% for 30 s. Disinfection was done in sodium hypochlorite solutions of 2 and 5% for 0, 5, 10 15 and 20 min. Seeds without tegument were then inoculated in medium culture for germination. Percentages of disinfection and germination and mean germination time were evaluated. Seedling growth was quantified in 1/2MS and WPM culture mediums. Number of emerged leaves and primary roots and length of shoots and primary roots were evaluated at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after inoculation. The addition to the WPM culture medium of 0; 0.05; 0.10; 0.15 or 0.20 mg L-1 of 6-benzilaminopurin (BAP), naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) or gibberellic acid (GA3) and the combination of 0 or 0.05 mg L-1 of NAA with 0; 0.10 or 0.20 mg L-1 of GA3 were tested for propagation. At 30 days after inoculation, number of internodes and leaves and plantlet height were evaluated. Plantlets of seminal origin were also excised below or above the first true leaf and the microstumps maintained in vitro with liquid WPM added to the original medium to increase multiplication rate. Number of sprouts and internodes per microstump were evaluated at 21 days after first and second excision. Minicuttings from 2.5 to 4, 4.01 to 5.5 and 5.51 to 7 cm were treated with 0 or 1000 mg L-1 of indol butyric acid (IBA) by basal immersion for 10 s. Survival and rutting percentage and callus formation were evaluated at 60 days after treatment. Imbibition of louro-pardo seeds until 24 hours made easy tegument excision without affecting disinfection and germination. Immersion of seeds with tegument in a sodium hypochlorite solution of 5% for 30 min, tegument excision and immersion in a alcohol solution of 70% for 30 s are enough for an acceptable production of in vitro aseptic seedlings. Louro-pardo seedlings grow satisfactorily in a WPM culture medium without growth regulators. The addition of growth regulators either isolated or combined to the WPM medium did not increase in vitro propagation. Maintaining microstump increased the in vitro multiplication rate in 1.75 fold. Minicuttings of louro-pardo from 2.5 to 5.5 cm showed high survival percentages, but they did not root. Protocols of plantlet acclimatization and clonal propagation by minicuttings should be developed to produce high genetic and physiological quality of louro-pardo plants / O setor florestal hoje enfrenta um grande desafio, atender à demanda por produtos madeireiros nobres, abastecido especialmente por espécies nativas brasileiras, dentre elas o louro-pardo. Nesse sentido, estudos de propagação que contemplem espécies nativas são necessários para garantir a produção de mudas de qualidade para plantios comerciais, reduzindo a pressão sobre as matas remanescentes. O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver protocolos de estabelecimento in vitro e de propagação de louro-pardo. Para o estabelecimento in vitro, estudou-se o efeito do tempo de embebição e de diferentes protocolos de desinfestação das sementes. A embebiçao se fez em água destilada e autoclavada por 0, 24, 48, 72, 96 e 120 h. Para a desinfestação, testou-se a imersão em solução de hipoclorito de sódio a 2 e 5%, por 0, 5, 10, 15 e 20 min. após 30 min de imersão em hipoclorito de sódio a 5%, retirada do tegumento e imersão em álcool etílico 70% por 30 s. Sementes sem tegumento foram inoculadas em meio de cultura para germinação. Foram avaliadas as porcentagens de desinfestação e germinação e o tempo médio de germinação. O crescimento de explantes de louro-pardo foi quantificado nos meios de cultura 1/2MS e WPM, pelo número de folhas e raízes primárias emitidas e comprimento da parte aérea e das raízes primárias, aos 7, 14, 21 e 28 dias após a inoculação. Para a multiplicação, foram testadas a adição ao meio de cultura WPM de 6-benzilaminopurina (BAP), ácido naftaleno acético (ANA) ou ácido giberélico (GA3) nas concentrações de 0; 0,05; 0,10; 0,15 ou 0,20 mg L-1 e a combinação de 0 ou 0,05 mg L-1 de ANA com 0; 0,10 ou 0,20 mg L-1 de GA3. Foram avaliados o número de folhas e de entrenós e a altura das plântulas aos 30 dias de cultivo. Plântulas fornecedoras de segmentos nodais e ápices caulinares foram reidratadas com meio WPM líquido e mantidas in vitro como microcepas, para aumentar a taxa de multiplicação. Aos 21 dias após o primeiro e o segundo corte foi avaliado o número de brotações adventícias e de entrenós por microcepa. Miniestacas de 2,5 a 4; 4,01 a 5,5 e 5,51 a 7 cm foram submetidas à aplicação de 0 ou 1000 mg L-1 de ácido indol butírico (AIB) por 10 s na base. Foram avaliadas as porcentagens de sobrevivência, enraizamento e formação de calos aos 60 dias. A embebição das sementes de louro-pardo por até 24 h favorece a retirada do tegumento sem afetar a desinfestação e germinação. A imersão das sementes com tegumento em NaOCl 5% por 30 min, retirada do tegumento e a imersão das sementes sem tegumento em solução de álcool etílico 70% por 30 s foram suficientes para a produção in vitro de plântulas assépticas. Plântulas de louro-pardo apresentaram melhor crescimento em meio de cultura WPM, sem a adição de reguladores de crescimento. A adição isolada ou combinada de reguladores de crescimento não aumentou a taxa de multiplicação in vitro. A manutenção de microcepas aumentou a taxa de multiplicação in vitro em até 1,75 vezes. Miniestacas de louro-pardo de 2,5 a 5,5 cm de comprimento apresentaram altos índices de sobrevivência, porém não enraizaram

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-07-01Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:55:59Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 lemos_mto_me_jabo.pdf: 967680 bytes, checksum: a6c9fc3231a065465ff531a2097edf51 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A conservação da biodiversidade, implica em cultivar espécies arbóreas nativas que possam ser utilizadas em projetos de reflorestamento, recuperação de áreas degradadas e com o objetivo de obter produtos secundários importantes como madeira e produtos medicinais. O uso de rizobactérias promotoras de crescimento em plantas, vem sendo muito estudado em culturas de importância econômica, devido a sua aplicabilidade em beneficiar o desenvolvimento destas. Neste trabalho foram escolhidas quatro espécies arbóreas nativas, leguminosas não nodulantes: Pterogyne nitens (Amendoim-bravo), Albizia hasslerii (Farinha-seca), Copaifera langsdorffii (Copaíba), e Stryphnodendron adstringens (Barbatimão). O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar in vitro as diferentes bactérias isoladas destas espécies florestais que possam ter efeito benéfico no crescimento e desenvolvimento inicial das plantas e caracterizálas pelo sequenciamento do gene 16S rRNa e perfil eletroforético do gene BOX-A 1R. As bactérias foram isoladas da rizosfera e da raiz de mudas de cada espécie, em meio de cultura NFb. No total, 29 isolados foram cultivados em meio de cultura DYGS enriquecido com triptofano. A estimativa colorimétrica do Ácido Indolacético (AIA) foi feita no espectrofotômetro, utilizando o sobrenadante da cultura de células e solução de Salkowski, com resultado positivo para o isolado Pn 6 Sphingobium chlorophenolicum com 61,69 μg.mL-1. Os isolados também foram testados para a eficiência de solubilização de fosfato de cálcio que foi realizado e contabilizado até o 15° dia após a inoculação em placas de Petri com meio de cultura NBRIP sólido, onde 27 isolados apresentaram resultados positivos. A caracterização genética permitiu a diferenciação em gêneros e também em espécies de um mesmo gênero. Os isolados que deram resultados positivos para AIA e solubilização de fosfato... / The biodiversity conservation implies cultivating native forest species that can be used in reforestation projects, recovery of degraded areas as well as getting others like wood and medicinal products. The plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) use is being studied in cultures of economic importance. In this work four native forest species, no nodulating leguminous had been chosen: Pterogyne nitens, Albizia hasslerii, Copaifera langsdorffii, and Stryphnodendron adstringens. The aim of this work was the in vitro evaluation of the different isolates from those forest species with beneficial effects in growth and initial development of the plants and characterizes them by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and BOX-A 1R. The bacteria had been isolated from the rhizosphere and from the roots (endophytic) of each species seedlings on NFb growth media. A total of 29 isolates had been cultivated in growth media DYGS enriched with tryptophan. The indolacetic acid (IAA) production was estimated by colorimetric test in the spectrophotometer, using the supernatant of the cells culture and Salkowski´s reagent, with positive result for the isolated Pn 6 Sphingobium chlorophenolicum with 61,69 μg.mL-1. Isolates had been also tested for the efficiency of P- solubilizing that was carried through and measured until the 15 º day after the inoculation in Petri plates with solid growth media NBRIP, where 27 isolates had presented positive results. The genetic characterization allows us to differentiate by the genus and species from the same genus. The isolates that had positive results for IAA and P-solubilizing had not matched between itself, what suggests nursery tests with combinations between them to evaluate the isolate efficiency as a possible PGPRs.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The production and cultivation of native tree seedlings have difficulties that can be attended to through the knowledge of the environmental factors and microorganisms affecting seed germination, as well as the interaction between forest species and the Trichoderma, which is a genus of fungi used in plant pathogens biological control and promotion of plant growth. This study aimed to investigate the germination of Gochnatia polymorpha (Less.)Cabrera, identifying the fungi associated with diaspores and evaluate the effect of Trichoderma spp. in promoting germination and plant growth. In the study of seed germination, the seeds have been subjected to temperatures of 15°, 20°, 25° and 30° C with a photoperiod of 16 hours and continuous darkness. In another experiment the effect of sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) has been evaluated on seed germination and contamination of the seeds with and without Papus at concentrations of 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4%. Identification of fungi present in the diaspores has been performed by the methods of filter paper and plating on BDA culture medium. In the study of the interaction between G. polymorpha and Trichoderma spp. TSM1 and TSM2 isolates of Trichoderma viride, 2B2 and 2B22 of Trichoderma harzianum and two commercial products, Agrotrich® and Trichodermil®, have been analyzed in the contamination of and germination of the seeds, using the cellophane in vitro technique .The antagonism of these isolates to four fungi of the genera Bipolaris, Alternaria, Cladosporium and Phoma, previously isolated from diaspores, has been evaluated by the technique of direct confrontation. The ex vitro interaction experiments have been conducted in a greenhouse with autoclaved and not autoclaved substrates. It has been concluded that the seeds germinated both in the presence and absence of light and temperatures of 15° and 20° C have been the most appropriate. The tested concentrations of NaClO did not interfere with seed germination, but in diaspores with papus the lowest contamination rates have been in the concentrations of 0% and 4%; yet in the diaspores without papus, the lowest rates have been in the concentrations of 3, 4 and 0%. In the diaspores the fungi genera Bipolaris, Alternaria, Cladosporium, Phoma, Aspergillus and Epicoccum have been identified. By the technique of in vitro cellophane, all tested isolates of Trichoderma spp. have been effective in controlling the contamination of the seeds, but it has been not possible to assess the effect of Trichoderma spp. in seed germination. In direct confrontation technique, the 2B22 isolate and the product Agrotrich ® have been the most effective. In both autoclaved and not autoclaved substrates, the tested isolates did not interfere in seedling emergence, but the isolates of 2B2 and 2B22 of T. harzianum promoted the vegetative growth of G. polymorpha. / A produção e cultivo de mudas florestais nativas possuem dificuldades que podem ser atendidas através do conhecimento dos fatores ambientais e dos microrganismos que afetam a germinação das sementes, assim como, da interação entre espécies florestais e Trichoderma, que é um gênero de fungos utilizado no controle biológico de fitopatógenos e na promoção do crescimento vegetal. Este trabalho objetivou estudar a germinação das sementes de Gochnatia polymorpha (Less.) Cabrera, identificar os fungos associados aos diásporos e avaliar o efeito de Trichoderma spp. na promoção da germinação e do crescimento vegetal. No estudo da germinação das sementes, os diásporos foram submetidos às temperaturas de 15°, 20°, 25° e 30°C com fotoperíodo de 16 horas e escuro contínuo. Em outro experimento foi avaliado o efeito do hipoclorito de sódio (NaClO) na germinação das sementes e na contaminação dos diásporos com e sem papus, nas concentrações 0, 1, 2, 3 e 4%. A identificação dos fungos presentes nos diásporos foi realizada pelos métodos do papel de filtro e do plaqueamento em meio de cultura BDA. No estudo da interação entre G. polymorpha e Trichoderma spp. foram avaliados os isolados TSM1 e TSM2 de Trichoderma viride, 2B2 e 2B22 de Trichoderma harzianum e dois produtos comerciais, Agrotrich® e Trichodermil®, na contaminação dos diásporos e na germinação das sementes, através da técnica in vitro do papel celofane. O antagonismo de tais isolados a quatro fungos dos gêneros Bipolaris, Alternaria, Cladosporium e Phoma, previamente isolados dos diásporos, foi avaliado pela técnica de confrontação direta. Os experimentos de interação ex vitro foram realizados em casa de vegetação com substrato autoclavado e não autoclavado. Conclui-se que as sementes germinam tanto na presença quanto na ausência de luz, sendo que as temperaturas de 15° e 20°C são as mais adequadas. As concentrações de NaClO testadas não interferem na germinação das sementes, mas em diásporos com papus as menores médias de contaminação são nas concentrações 0% e 4%; já em diásporos sem papus, as menores médias são nas concentrações 3, 4 e 0%. Os gêneros fúngicos identificados nos diásporos são Bipolaris, Alternaria, Cladosporium, Phoma, Aspergillus e Epicoccum. Com a técnica in vitro do papel celofane, todos os isolados de Trichoderma spp. testados são eficientes no controle da contaminação dos diásporos, mas não é possível avaliar o efeito de Trichoderma spp. na germinação das sementes. Na técnica confrontação direta, o isolado 2B22 e o produto Agrotrich® são os mais eficientes. Tanto em substrato autoclavado quanto em não autoclavado, os isolados testados não interferem na emergência das plântulas, mas os isolados 2B2 e 2B22 de T. harzianum promovem o crescimento vegetativo de G. polymorpha.