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This thesis presents a method for the prediction of final peak-to-valley (PTV) surface profile variation for face turning of rings of non-uniform cross section. An analytical method relates initial part form, part deflection during workholding and machining, and part elastic recovery to final PTV surface profile variation. Finite element method is used to supplement the analytical model, and experiments are conducted to validate both the analytical and finite element approaches. Analytical and finite element results correspond well with experimental observations, with average relative errors of 11.6 and 7.2 percent, respectively.

Die Reduzierung von Ausschuss und unnötiger Nacharbeit ist ein elementares Ziel der Fertigungsindustrie. Mit der zunehmenden Datenverfügbarkeit und den Entwicklungen auf dem Gebiet der künstlichen Intelligenz (KI) für industrielle Anwendungen, wird auch im Bereich des Radial-Axial Ringwalzens (RAW) der Einsatz des maschinellen Lernens (ML) eruiert. Die Anwendungen hier sind beispielsweise die Prozessauslegung oder die Vorhersage der Ringqualität [1]. Allerdings ist die Genauigkeit dieser Vorhersagen derzeit noch durch die Menge und Qualität der Daten begrenzt [2]. Um das überwachte Lernen zur Vorhersage der Ringqualität anzuwenden, muss eine umfangreiche Datenbasis für Gut- und Ausschussteile erzeugt werden. Eine Möglichkeit, bestehende Datenbasen zu erweitern, besteht in der Nutzung von Prozesssimulationen zur Generierung synthetischer Daten. Im Bereich des Warmringwalzens gibt es jedoch derzeit keine schnelle Simulationsmethode, mit der eine ausreichend große synthetische Datenbank von gewalzten Teilen mit Form- oder Prozessfehlern generiert werden kann. Die Forschung zum Transferlernen zwischen verschiedenen Walzwerken und Datensätzen hat die neuartige Idee hervorgebracht, das Kaltringwalzen als Untersuchungsgegenstand heranzuziehen [2]. Im Folgenden wird untersucht, inwieweit das Kaltringwalzen, als ähnlicher Prozess, für die zukünftige Übertragung von Modellen und Ergebnissen auf das RAW verwendet werden kann. Im Vergleich zum RAW wird die Umformung beim Kaltringwalzen nur durch zwei Radialwalzen erreicht und der Prozess wird bei Raumtemperatur durchgeführt. Diese vereinfachte Verfahrensweise erlaubt es, ein halb-analytisches Modell zu entwickeln, das im Vergleich zu herkömmlichen FEM-Ansätzen, bei akzeptabler Genauigkeit, viel weniger Berechnungszeit erfordert. Zudem ermöglichen die geringere Ringgröße und der einfachere Walzprozess die Durchführung umfangreicher Forschungswalzungen zur Überprüfung der Qualität der synthetischen Daten.

Reducing scrap products and unnecessary rework has always been a goal of the manufacturing industry. With the increasing data availability and the developments in the field of artificial intelligence (AI) for industrial applications, machine learning (ML) has been applied to radial-axial ring rolling (RARR) to predict product quality [1]. However, the accuracy of these predictions is currently still limited by the quantity and quality of the data [2]. In order to apply supervised learning to predict part quality and possible scrap parts, there must be plenty of datasets logged for both good and scrap parts. One suitable way to increase the number of datasets is to utilize simulation strategies to generate synthetic datasets. However, in the hot ring rolling field, there is no fast simulation method that can be used to generate a sufficiently large synthetic database of rolled parts with form or process errors. The research on transfer learning between different mills and datasets has offered a new idea of taking a cold ring rolling process as the object of study [2]. Next it will investigate the extent to which the cold ring rolling can be used as a similar process for future transfer of models and results to radial-axial ring rolling. Compared to RARR, the cold ring rolling is a process under room temperature and contains complete radial forming instead of simultaneous forming in the radial and axial directions. The simpler forming mechanism makes it possible to build a semi-analytical model, which takes much less time compared to conventional FEMapproaches under acceptable accuracies. Furthermore, the smaller ring geometry, simplified rolling process and reduced energy consumption mean that in-house experiments can be conducted to verify the quality of the synthetic data based on confidence intervals.

La performance des mécanismes est intimement liée à la précision des surfaces qui composent les liaisons. La démarche habituelle de l’analyse de ces surfaces est basée sur des hypothèses fortes concernant leurs comportements. Ainsi, les défauts de forme et de rugosité sont négligés et les surfaces sont supposées infiniment rigides. L’objectif principal de ces travaux est de développer une méthode permettant d’étudier l’influence des défauts de forme sur les performances des assemblages. Elle repose sur une méthodologie et des outils pour l’identification des défauts qui vont optimiser ou pénaliser les exigences fonctionnelles de l’assemblage. Dans ce manuscrit, deux cas d’étude sont proposés.Dans un premier temps, un montage de type bride (centrage court, appui plan) est étudié afin de valider l’ensemble de la démarche développée. Les outils utilisés reposent essentiellement sur la décomposition et composition modale des défauts, le concept de surface écarts, la recherche de zone d’appui stable ainsi que la quantification des déformations de surfaces de contact basées sur des modèles analytiques ou numériques. L’influence des défauts de forme sur la précision de mise en position est quantifiée par un domaine écart de liaison. Une confrontation entre la démarche théorique et un dispositif expérimental permet de valider l’approche. Par la suite, une liaison sphérique est considérée constituant une prothèse totale de hanche en matériau céramique. Pour ce cas d’étude, l’objectif est d’identifier, au regard des typologies de défauts, leurs conséquences sur l’apparition d’un phénomène sonore assimilable à du grincement appelé le squeaking. La démarche reprend les mêmes étapes que celles utilisées avec l’étude de la bride. Différents dispositifs expérimentaux sont mis en place confirmant la pertinence de cette approche. Des mesures spécifiques apportent des éléments d’analyse et de compréhension sur le comportement dégradé de la liaison. Ce travail de thèse s’inscrit dans une collaboration entre 3 laboratoires : SYMME d’Annecy, I2M-IMC de Bordeaux-Talence, et la société Tural localisée à Marignier (74), laboratoire de recherche industrielle qui travaille sur des implants médicaux. / The performance of a mechanism is closely correlated with the accuracy of the surfaces that make up the mechanical joint. The most common approach used to study these surfaces is based on strong assumptions about their behavior. Form errors and roughness are neglected and the surfaces are assumed infinitely rigid. The main objective of this work is to develop an original approach to study the impact of form errors on the assemblies. It is mainly based on a methodology and associated tools to predict which defects will optimize or penalize the functional requirements of the assembly. In this manuscript, two case studies are proposed. In a first step, a plate flange (ball and cylinder joints added to a planar joint) is designed to validate the overall approach. Modal decomposition of defects, sum-surface concept, the determination of a stable contact area and quantification of contact deformation of surfaces correspond to the main theoretical tools used in this framework. The influence of form errors on the positioning accuracy is quantified by a clearance domain. Comparisons between theoretical approach and experimental setup are used to validate the models. Subsequently, a spherical joint is considered corresponding to a total hip implant with ceramic material. The objective of this study is to identify which type of form errors can impact the appearance of the squeaking phenomena. The same procedure is followed as for the first example. In parallel, several experimental devices are designed to validate the relevance of this approach. Specific measurements provide some key elements to understand the behavior of the implant subject to squeaking. This work is part of a collaboration between three laboratories : SYMME Annecy, I2M-IMC Bordeaux, and Tural company located in Marignier (74), an industrial research laboratory working on medical implants.

Ultraprecision single point diamond turning is required to produce parts with sub-nanometer surface roughness and sub-micrometer surface profiles tolerances. These parts have applications in the optics industry, where tight form accuracy is required while achieving high surface finish quality. Generally, parts can be polished to achieve the desired finish, but then the form accuracy can easily be lost in the process rendering the part unusable. Currently, most mid to low spatial frequency surface finish errors are inspected offline. This is done by physically removing the workpiece from the machining fixture and mounting the part in a laser interferometer. This action introduces errors in itself through minute differences in the support conditions of the over constrained part on a machine as compared to the mounting conditions used for part measurement. Once removed, the fixture induced stresses and the part’s internal residual stresses relax and change the shape of the generally thin parts machined in these applications. Thereby, the offline inspection provides an erroneous description of the performance of the machine. This research explores the use of a single, high resolution, capacitance sensor to quickly and qualitatively measure the low to mid spatial frequencies on the workpiece surface, while it is mounted in a fixture on a standard ultraprecision single point diamond turning machine after a standard facing operation. Following initial testing, a strong qualitative correlation exists between the surface profiling on a standard offline system and this online measuring system. Despite environmental effects and the effects of the machine on the measurement system, the capacitive system with some modifications and awareness of its measurement method is a viable option for measuring mid to low spatial frequencies on a workpiece surface mounted on an ultraprecision machine with a resolution of 1nm with an error band of ±5nm with a 20kHz bandwidth. / Thesis / Master of Applied Science (MASc)

This thesis addresses the issue of the interplay of product form changes and experience in simultaneous interpreting from English into Czech comparing students and graduates in Interpreting. The purpose of this study is to conduct a systematic overview of language form errors in simultaneous interpretation performed by interpreters on different stages of acquiring interpreting skills. The study is divided into two sections - theoretical and empirical. The theoretical section introduces the current state of knowledge and the findings of previous studies concerning product form changes on a language level in simultaneous interpreting. The present study is based on the assumption that growing experience and regular interpreting excercise improve interpreter's output form achieving thus a smooth and fluent interpreting perfomance without any language disfluencies unpleasant to the listener. The study also addresses listener's perception of the language form of interpreter's output with all of its potential infelicities. The empirical section consists of an experiment which is divided into two parts. The first part aims at classifying and quantifying product form changes in simultaneous interpreting performed by three groups of interpreters - beginning students, advanced students and graduates in...