Η αντίδραση της μερικής οξείδωσης του μεθανίου προς φορμαλδεΰδη μελετήθηκε σε ένα νέο τύπου αντιδραστήρα ανακύκλωσης με διαχωρισμό προϊόντων. Στον αντιδραστήρα αυτόν το επιθυμητό προϊόν, δηλαδή η φορμαλδεΰδη, προστατεύεται από περαιτέρω οξείδωση σε κατάλληλη παγίδα όπου κατακρατείται. Η παγίδα αυτή τοποθετείται αμέσως μετά την έξοδο του αντιδραστήρα και ως υλικό παγίδευσης χρησιμοποιείται απεσταγμένο νερό. Ο καταλύτης που χρησιμοποιήθηκε ήταν 1.3% V2O5/SiO2. Το σύστημα μπορούσε να λειτουργήσει κατά δύο διαφορετικούς τρόπους, με ή χωρίς ανακύκλωση και διαχωρισμό των προϊόντων. Κατά την λειτουργία μονής διάβασης του συστήματος (χωρίς ανακύκλωση και διαχωρισμό των προϊόντων) η απόδοση προς φορμαλδεΰδη ήταν μόλις 2% ενώ κατά την λειτουργία ανακύκλωσης και παγίδευσης η αντίστοιχη απόδοση έφθασε το 50%. Η τιμή αυτή της απόδοσης είναι και η υψηλότερη που έχει ποτέ αναφερθεί σε διεργασία μετατροπής μεθανίου προς φορμαλδεΰδη. / The partial oxidation of methane to formaldehyde was carried out in a novel gas reactor-seperator. In this system the desired product, that is formaldehyde, is protected from further oxidation via trapping in an adsorption unit placed in the recycle loop. The trap unit is placed just after the exit of the reactor and distilled water is used as the trapping material. The catalyst used was 1.3% V2O5/SiO2. The system could perform two different modes of operation, with or without recycle and product seperation. During thesingle-pass operation (without recycle and product seperation) the formaldehyde yield was 2% while during recycle operation it reached values up to 50%. This yield value is the highest ever reported for the proccess of methane conversion to formaldehyde.

The aim of the present work was to determine operational parameters of methanol conversion to formaldehyde using nanolayer copper catalysts.

No description available.

In this research hyperbranched resins containing fatty acid residues like alkyds were synthesized. Dipentaerythritol which has six hydroxyl groups was used as the core molecule, and it was transesterified with (i) castor oil, and (ii) a mixture of castor oil and linseed oil at 240&deg / C in the presence of sodium hydroxide as catalyst. The resulting molecule, in either case, was then esterified with dimethylol propionic acid at 140&deg / C in the presence of p-toluene sulfonic acid as catalyst. Melamine-formaldehyde resin was synthesized to be used with the synthesized hyperbranched resins, and it was successfully modified by all hyperbranched resins at a ratio of 3:1. FTIR spectroscopy was used to characterize the hyperbranched resins and the thermal properties were determined by DSC. DSC showed that the hyperbranched resins decomposed between 315-345&deg / C. The viscosity of the resin that was synthesized by using only castor oil was 3.0 Pa.s and by using 50% linseed oil it was 1.0 Pa.s. When reacted with dimethylol propionic acid, the former&rsquo / s viscosity increased to 7.0 Pa.s, and the second&rsquo / s viscosity increased to 3.7 Pa.s. The hyperbranched resins showed excellent adhesion, gloss, flexibility, and formability. The mixture of hyperbranched resin plus melamine-formaldehyde resin samples had higher hardness values but lower gloss, adhesion and bending resistance values than the hyperbranched resins, and they had good impact and abrasion resistances.

Phenelzine (PLZ) is a monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor that also inhibits the activity of GABA-transaminase (GABA-T), causing significant and long-lasting increases in brain GABA levels. Inhibition of MAO prior to PLZ administration has been shown to prevent the GABAergic effects of the drug, strongly suggesting that a metabolite of PLZ formed by the action of MAO is responsible for the GABAergic effects. While PLZ has been used clinically for decades for its antidepressant and antipanic effects, it has more recently been shown to be neuroprotective in an animal model of ischemia. The aim of the experiments described in this thesis was to identify the active metabolite of PLZ, and to determine the neurochemical mechanisms by which PLZ and this metabolite exert their neuroprotective effects (with a particular focus on degenerative mechanisms observed in cerebral ischemia and Alzheimers disease (AD)). The development of an analytical assay for -phenylethylidenehydrazine (PEH) was a major breakthrough in this project and permitted the positive identification of this compound as the active metabolite of PLZ. Further experiments demonstrated that PLZ and PEH could be neuroprotective in cerebral ischemia and AD not only by reducing excitotoxicity via increased GABAergic transmission, but also by (a) increasing brain ornithine, which could potentially lead to a decrease in glutamate synthesis and/or a decrease in polyamines (whose metabolism produces toxic aldehydes); (b) inhibiting the activity of human semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO), an enzyme whose activity is increased in AD producing excessive amounts of the toxic aldehyde formaldehyde (FA); (c) by sequestering FA in vitro, forming a non-reactive hydrazone product. Since PEH appears to mediate or share the neurochemical effects of PLZ, two propargylated analogs of PEH were synthesized and tested for their potential as PEH prodrugs. Surprisingly these analogs were not particularly effective prodrugs in vivo, but they possessed an interesting neurochemical properties on their own (the ability to elevate brain levels of glycine), and warrant further investigation as potential antipsychotic agents. Together, these results suggest that PLZ and its active metabolite, PEH, should be further investigated for their neuroprotective potential in cerebral ischemia and in AD. / Neurochemistry

An 11 Blockheizkraftwerken (BHKW) ohne Oxidationskatalysator und an 10 BHKW mit Oxidationskatalysator in Sachsen und Thüringen wurden die Einflussfaktoren auf die Formaldehydemissionen untersucht. Geprüft wurden insbesondere die Motorbetriebsparameter wie z.B. Zylindertemperaturen, Verbrennungsluftverhältnis, die Biogaszusammensetzung und die Biogasfeuchte. Im Ergebnis konnte kein bzw. nur ein geringer Einfluss der untersuchten Parameter auf die Formaldehydbildung festgestellt werden. Ebenfalls ließ sich bei den meisten der untersuchten Anlagen kein Einfluss von Wartungstätigkeiten sowie Ersatzteil- und Betriebsstoffwechseln auf die Formaldehydemissionen feststellen. Sollte der Gesetzgeber künftig einen niedrigeren Formaldehydgrenzwert vorschreiben, werden zusätzliche Technologien zur Biogasaufbereitung z.B. mit Aktivkohlefilter und zur Abgasnachbehandlung z.B. mit Oxidationskatalysator oder Thermoreaktor notwendig. Diese müssen aber noch hinsichtlich ihrer Standzeiten untersucht und optimiert werden.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. / Committee Chair: Greg Huey; Committee Member: David Tan; Committee Member: Jennifer Olson; Committee Member: Paul Wine; Committee Member: Rodney Weber.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2007. / Description based on contents viewed Oct. 3, 2008; title from PDF t.p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 64-67).

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1971.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1971.