Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2004. / Supervisors: William B. Swann and Samuel D. Gosling. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (D. Min.)--Logos Evangelical Seminary, 2008. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 259-267).

Th. doct.-ing.--Nancy, I.N.P.L., 1983.

No description available.

This thesis is an anthropological inquiry into the emergence of urban soils as matters of concern in the worlds of soil scientists and other fields more traditionally involved with cities. Through the lens of soil-making practices, it seeks to elucidate the specificity of urban pedogenesis, including the growth of soils and the lives of the humans associated with them. City soils have typically been neglected in modern thinking about nature and urbanism. They have long been framed solely as a technical question for engineers which seemed to require no further pondering until – in the last two decades – they entered the scope of the soil sciences. This thesis draws on over thirteen months of multi-locale fieldwork conducted in Paris and Lorraine with soil scientists, gardeners and foundation builders. The research does not define a priori what should count as 'urban', 'agricultural' or 'natural' soils. Building on scholarship in anthropology, the soil sciences, science studies, and speculative philosophy, it follows how these actors learn to be affected in the material performance of different relations between people and soils. The chapters are built in counterpoint to one another, occasionally turning to narrative to complement analysis and more traditional ethnography. Each chapter pulls a different diffractive string from the mesh of urban soil matters, and follows where it leads. As ways of knowing that emerge from soil construction are described, the question of what making soils does to knowing them becomes a central thread of the thesis. In this, it looks at how soils participate in apparatuses where they become 'lures for feelings' – affective interweavings in which worlds are experienced.

No description available.

The luminosity function of galaxies, the measurement of the space density as a function of luminosity, is an important test of cosmology, galaxy formation and evolution. Unfortunately, there is a factor of two variation in recent measurements of the luminosity function. Most of this variation is due to systematic errors, caused by various selection effects. With two large new surveys, the Two degree Field Galaxy Redshift Survey and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, underway it is important to recognise and eliminate these selection effects if we are going to improve our measurement of the luminosity function and fully utilise these surveys. By measuring the space density of galaxies as a function of surface brightness as well as luminosity, a bivariate brightness distribution, we can comprehend many of the selection effects such as light loss, incompleteness and the visibility of galaxies. Since galaxies have a variety of shapes and sizes, a distribution in luminosity and surface brightness helps to separate out different types of galaxy. Correlations between the luminosity and surface brightness place extra constraints on models of galaxy formation and evolution. When we analyse our results, we find that recent surveys that have not taken into account surface brightness selection effects underestimate the luminosity of the bright end by 5-10%. Using the bivariate brightness distribution, we can constrain the luminosity density to a range that varies by < 20% rather than by a factor of 2. We find that the luminosity function is flat over the range -19.5 < M < -17 and then rises sharply as late-type spiral galaxies begin to dominate. The space density does not vary with surface brightness with the result that low surface brightness galaxies are at least as common as normal galaxies. However, low surface brightness galaxies are also intrinsically faint, following the luminosity-surface brightness correlation for spirals, so they do not contribute significantly to the luminosity density.

Orientador: Maria Regina Guarnieri / Resumo: A voz, som responsável pela mensagem oral, no conjunto de suas qualidades, compõe o comportamento vocal e sua psicodinâmica durante a emissão da linguagem oral humana. O objetivo deste estudo foi configurar como a voz do professor é abordada em duas áreas do conhecimento - fonoaudiologia e educação - e na perspectiva dos professores, estabelecendo as interfaces e atribuindo um valor para a voz no trabalho docente. A metodologia eleita foi de estudo exploratório, com análise da bibliografia sobre voz do professor da área fonoaudiológica e das referências sobre o comportamento vocal do professor na bibliografia da educação. Complementando, foram realizadas entrevistas com cinco professores, para obter suas opiniões com relação ao valor da voz no exercício do trabalho docente. Através da análise da bibliografia específica da área fonoaudiológica obtiveram-se dados sobre a grande ocorrência de alterações funcionais ou orgânicas de voz entre os professores. Há inúmeros estudos revelando o desgaste vocal presente nesta profissão, as causas, os sintomas, os projetos de prevenção e a saúde vocal dos professores. A análise da bibliografia sobre trabalho docente permitiu encontrar a linguagem oral como elemento da interação professor- aluno e uma valorização da clareza das emissões orais dos professores. Não há referências diretas 'a voz, mas ela está presente no som da linguagem oral. A voz esteve mais visível nas pesquisas voltadas para o interior da sala de aula, principalmente quando mencionavam o controle de disciplina e as variações de humor dos professores. Os depoimentos dos professores foram avaliados sob seis focos de análise: requisitos para o bom desempenho profissional,...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The voice, responsible sound for the oral message, in the group of its qualities, is part of the vocal behavior and its psycho dynamic during the human oral language production. The objective of this study was to determine how the teacher's voice is approached in two areas of knowledge - speech and language pathology and education - and under the teachers' perspective, establishing the relationships and giving a value for the voice in the educational work. The exploratory study was elected by methodology. The bibliography concerning the teacher's voice was looked up in the speech pathology area; whereas, the references about the teacher's vocal behavior in the educational work were looked up in the educational bibliography. Complementing the research, interviews were accomplished with five teachers to obtain their opinions about the value of the voice in their performance. Through the analysis of the specific bibliography of teachers' voice it was possible to obtain results about the great occurrence of functional or organic alterations of voice among the teachers. There are countless studies revealing the voice wearing down in this profession, the causes, the symptoms, the prevention projects and the teacher's vocal health. The analysis of the bibliography on educational work allowed us observe the oral language as an element of the teacher- student interaction and to value the clarity of the teachers' oral emissions. These studies do not include the voice directly, however it is present in the sound of the oral language. It has been more visible in the researches which studied the teacher in the class room, mainly when the discipline control and the variations of the teachers' humor were mentioned. The teachers' speeches were appraised under six focuses of analysis: the requirements for the teacher's good acting ...(Complete abstract, click electronic access below) / Mestre

Orientador: Maria Lúcia Lorenzetti Wodewotzki / Banca: Maria Lúcia Rodrigues / Banca: Regina Maria Pavanello / Banca: José Sílvio Govone / Banca: Silvia Swain Canôas / Resumo: Este trabalho teve como objetivo observar, compreender e caracterizar os saberes/conhecimentos que os professores formadores acreditam ser necessários para a prática pedagógica dos professores que ministram um Curso Introdutório de Estatística, visando a uma aprendizagem da disciplina direcionada para o desenvolvimento do pensamento estatístico. A investigação, que se insere no contexto de uma pesquisa qualitativa, baseou-se em dados coletados por meio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas, de contato via correio eletrônico e de consulta ao material produzido pelos entrevistados. Os critérios usados para selecionar os quatro formadores, levaram em conta as seguintes condições: graduação em Matemática ou Estatística, ser um formador de professor de Estatística para o ensino superior, ministrar ou ter ministrado um Curso Introdutório de Estatística e ter comprovado envolvimento na pesquisa científica. Analisando o discurso dos professores entrevistados, encontramos evidências de diferentes tipos de saberes: derivados da experiência como aluno; derivados das concepções sobre a função do professor universitário; das concepções sobre aprendizagem, sobre como ensinar que definem paradigmas, relacionados com o conhecimento do conteúdo específico, relacionados à mobilização para o conhecimento, referentes à postura pessoal do professor-educador, relativos aos fatores que interferem na prática docente e saberes relativos às dificuldades do aluno. / Abstract: This work had as aim to observe, to understand and to characterize the knowledge that the teachers' educators believe to be necessary to the teachers' pedagogic practice in an Introductory Course of Statistics, aiming at the learning of its contents, in the perspective of the development of the statistical thought. The investigation, that may be included in the context of a qualitative research, was based in data collected by means of semi-structured interviews, by contacts using electronic mail and by the exam of the material produced by the interviewers. The criteria used to select the four educators took into account the initial formation in Mathematics or Statistics, to be a teacher educator of Statistics for the higher education, to teach or to have taught in an Introductory Course in Statistics and to have proved involvement in scientific research. An analysis of the interviewed teachers' speech showed evidences of different kinds of knowledge: about their experience as students; derived from the conceptions about the academic teacher's function; derived from the teachers' conceptions on learning, on how to teach that it define paradigms, related to the knowledge of the specific content, related to the mobilization for knowledge, regarding the teacher-educator's personal position; related to the factors that interfere in the teaching practice and related to the student's difficulties. / Doutor

Orientador: Renata Junqueira de Souza / Banca: Maria de Lourdes Zizi Trevizan Peres / Banca: José Batista de Sales / Resumo: Esta pesquisa, realizada no Curso de Mestrado em Educação da UNESP, como parte dos estudos que enfocam as práticas educativas e a formação de professores, incluída a avaliação de procedimentos educacionais no contexto de ensino, teve como objetivo analisar o sistema de avaliação elaborado pela Secretaria de Educação do Estado de São Paulo, o SARESP, mais especificamente as provas referentes ao triênio 2003-2005 e aplicadas à 5ª série do ensino fundamental. Com base em teorias que trabalham com os conceitos de leitura, texto, interpretação, gêneros textuais e avaliação, os textos e as questões de interpretação selecionados e utilizados nas provas foram analisados, e a diversidade de gêneros textuais nelas presentes foi identificada. Nesta investigação optou-se pela abordagem qualitativa por ser a metodologia que apresenta as características necessárias para atingir os objetivos propostos. O estudo das provas incluiu uma análise documental e quantitativa dos tipos de textos presentes nas avaliações, e uma análise qualitativa desses textos e das questões de interpretação que os acompanham. Após o levantamento dos gêneros textuais selecionados para as versões do SARESP escolhidas para este estudo, eles foram classificados como textos artísticos e não artísticos, ficando evidenciada a predominância dos primeiros. Quanto às questões das provas, observaram-se exemplos de exercícios redundantes e mal elaborados, que acabam por dificultar a leitura e a interpretação dos textos. Concluída a análise, ressalta-se a urgência de algumas reformulações nesse instrumento oficial de avaliação, tendo em vista o impacto de seus resultados no interior das escolas e, mais especificamente, na conformação de seus currículos. / Abstract: This research, developed in the Education Master course of UNESP as a part of the studies that focus in the educative practices and teachers formation, including the evaluation of educational methods in the teaching context, had as objective to analyze the evaluation system elaborated by the Education Clerkship of the São Paulo State, called SARESP, specifically the tests applied to the fifth level of the primary education, during the period of 2003-2005. Based on theories about concepts of lecture, text, interpretation, textual genres and evaluation, the texts and interpretation questions used in the tests were selected for analyses, identifying the diversity of text genres insert on them. In this investigation it was opted to use the qualitative boarding since this methodology presents the necessary characteristics to the concretization of the proposed objectives. The study of the tests included a documental and qualitative analyses of the type of the tests in the evaluations, and qualitative analyses of the interpretation questions that accompany the texts. The textual genres selected in the different versions of SARESP were classified as artistic and non-artistic texts, being evident the predominance of the first ones. In relation to the tests questions, it was observed some redundant exercise examples also containing elaboration deficiency, what difficult the lecture and interpretation of the texts. Thus, it is important to evidence the urgency of some reformulations in this official evaluation instrument, taking into account the possible impact of its results in the school environment and, more specifically, in the curriculum elaboration. / Mestre