Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:57:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PedroASA.pdf: 2341637 bytes, checksum: 41d7ef8b8439d7c4717a137b88eb2df8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-26 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Initially concentrated in some poles at the South and Southeast regions of Brazil, the ceramic tiles industry became wide during the 80 s decade, with a disconcentration industrial and regional pulverization. The competitiveness in the ceramic tiles internal and external consumers markets, it has debtor the industries to invest in sophisticated products each time more, either in design or the technology, but, mainly, in its final properties. Amongst the diverse types of ceramic coating, the porcelanato if has detached had to its process of technological production and excellent characteristics techniques. The Porcelanato is currently the material for coatings that presents the best technical and aesthetic features when compared with others ceramics found on the market. The chemical composition and the others raw materials characteristics have an importance that must to be ally to the inherent characteristics of fabrication process, essentially those related to the cycle of burning. This work had as purpose to develop formularizations of ceramic mass for production of porcelanato without glass coating, pertaining to the group BIa (text of absorption of water ≤ 0.5%) and with resistance superior mechanics 35MPa from raw materials characterized. The ceramic raw materials selected to the development of this study (A1 and A2 clays, feldspate, talc and quartz) were submitted to the following tests: X-ray fluorescence - chemical analysis determination; X-ray diffraction - Analysis of the stages mineralogics; Laser granulometry - size distribution of particles; and Differential thermal analysis - thermal behavior. Were performed tests of absorption of water, lineal retraction of it burns, apparent specific mass and rupture tension the flexing. The results had evidenced that the formularizations that had the A1 clay and talc on its composition were efficient for the porcelanato production remaining their technological characteristics inside of the intervals of variation desired by the Norms of the ABNT / Inicialmente concentrada em alguns p?los de produ??o nas regi?es Sul e Sudeste do Brasil, a ind?stria de cer?mica para revestimento ampliou-se na d?cada de 80, com um processo de desconcentra??o industrial e pulveriza??o regional. A competitividade nos mercados consumidores interno e externo de revestimento cer?mico tem obrigado as ind?strias a investir em produtos cada vez mais sofisticados, seja no design ou na tecnologia, mas, principalmente, nas suas propriedades finais. Dentre os diversos tipos de revestimento cer?mico, o porcelanato tem se destacado devido ao seu processo de produ??o tecnol?gico e excelentes caracter?sticas t?cnicas. O porcelanato ? atualmente o material para revestimentos que apresenta as melhores caracter?sticas t?cnicas e est?ticas quando comparado com os demais materiais cer?micos encontradas no mercado. A composi??o qu?mica e demais caracter?sticas das mat?rias-primas assume uma import?ncia fundamental que deve ser aliada ?s caracter?sticas inerentes ao processo de fabrica??o, essencialmente aqueles relacionados com o ciclo de queima. Este trabalho teve como finalidade desenvolver formula??es de massa cer?mica para produ??o de porcelanato sem vidrado, pertencente ao grupo BIa (teor de absor??o de ?gua ≤ 0,5%) e com resist?ncia mec?nica superior a 35 MPa a partir das mat?rias-primas caracterizadas. As mat?rias-primas cer?micas selecionadas para o desenvolvimento deste trabalho (argila A1, argila A2, caulim, feldspato, talco e quartzo) foram submetidas aos seguintes ensaios: fluoresc?ncia de raios X determina??o da an?lise qu?mica; difra??o de raios X an?lise das fases mineral?gicas; granulometria a laser distribui??o do tamanho de part?culas; e an?lise t?rmica diferencial comportamento t?rmico. Foram realizados ensaios de absor??o de ?gua, retra??o linear de queima, massa espec?fica aparente e tens?o de ruptura ? flex?o. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram que as formula??es que cont?m a argila A1 e o talco em sua composi??o foram eficazes para a produ??o de porcelanato mantendo suas caracter?sticas tecnol?gicas dentro dos intervalos de varia??o desejadas pelas Normas da ABNT

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:58:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RogerioCAP_DISSERT.pdf: 2453474 bytes, checksum: fb99d0d9567bd4529ff9de7138566071 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-12-17 / The sector of civil construction is strongly related to the red ceramic industry. This sector uses clay as raw material for manufacturing of various products such as ceramic plates. In this study, two types of clay called clay 1 and clay 2 were collected on deposit in Ielmo Marinho city (RN) and then characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TG/DTG), differential thermal analysis (DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), rational analysis and particle size distribution and dilatometric analyses. Ceramic plates were manufactured by uniaxial pressing and by extrusion. The plates obtained by pressing were produced from the four formulations called 1, 2, 3 and 4, which presented, respectively, the following proportions by mass: 66.5% clay 1 and 33.5% clay 2, 50% clay 1 and 50% clay 2, 33.5% clay 1 and 66.5% clay 2, 25% clay 1 and 75% clay 2. After firing at 850, 950 and 1050 ?C with heating rate of 10 ?C/min and soaking time of 30 minutes, the following technological properties were determined: linear firing shrinkage, water absorption, apparent porosity, apparent specific mass and tensile strength (3 points). The formulation containing 25% clay 1 produced plates with most satisfactory results of water absorption and mechanical resistance, because of that it was chosen for manufacturing plates by extrusion. A single firing cycle was established for these plates, which took place as follow: heating rate of 2 ?C/min up to 600 ?C with soaking time of 60 minutes, followed by heating using the same rate up to 1050 ?C with soaking time of 30 minutes. After this cycle, the same technological properties investigated in the plates obtained by pressing were determined. The results indicate (according to NRB 13818/1997) that the plates obtained by pressing from the mixture containing 25 wt% clay 1, after firing at 1050 ?C, reach the specifications for semi-porous coating (BIIb). On the other hand, the plates obtained by extrusion were classified as semi-stoneware (group AIIa) / O setor de constru??o civil est? fortemente relacionado ? ind?stria de cer?mica. Esse setor utiliza a argila como mat?ria-prima para fabrica??o de diversos produtos como, por exemplo, placas cer?micas. Neste estudo, dois tipos de argila, que receberam a denomina??o de argila 1 e 2, foram coletados em jazida localizada no munic?pio de Ielmo Marinho (RN) e caracterizados por an?lise termogravim?trica (TG/DrTG), an?lise t?rmica diferencial (DTA), difratometria de raios X (DRX), fluoresc?ncia de raios X (FRX), an?lise racional e an?lises de distribui??o de tamanho de part?cula (DTP) e dilatom?trica (AD). Placas cer?micas foram fabricadas por prensagem uniaxial e extrus?o. As placas conformadas por prensagem foram produzidas a partir de quatro formula??es denominadas 1, 2, 3 e 4, as quais apresentavam, respectivamente, as seguintes propor??es em massa: 66,5 % de argila 1 e 33,5% de argila 2, 50% de argila 1 e 50% de argila 2, 33,5% de argila 1 e 66,5% de argila 2 e 25% de argila 1 e 75% de argila 2. Ap?s queima a 850, 950 e 1050 ?C, com taxa de aquecimento de 10 ?C/min e isoterma de 30 minutos, foram determinadas as seguintes propriedades tecnol?gicas: retra??o linear de queima, absor??o de ?gua, porosidade aparente, massa espec?fica aparente e tens?o de ruptura ? flex?o. A formula??o com 25% de argila 1 produziu placas com resultados mais satisfat?rios de absor??o de ?gua e resist?ncia mec?nica e desta forma foi a selecionada para conforma??o das placas por extrus?o. Um ?nico ciclo de queima foi estabelecido para essas placas, o qual ocorreu da seguinte forma: taxa de aquecimento de 2 ?C/min at? 600 ?C, com isoterma de 60 minutos, seguido de aquecimento a mesma taxa at? 1050 ?C, com isoterma de 30 minutos. Ap?s esse ciclo, foram determinadas as mesmas propriedades tecnol?gicas das placas conformadas por prensagem. Os resultados indicam, conforme a NBR 13818/1997, que as placas conformadas por prensagem a partir da formula??o contendo 25% em massa da argila 1, ap?s queima a 1050 ?C, atingem as especifica??es para revestimento semi-poroso (BIIb); e aquelas conformadas por extrus?o atendem ?s exig?ncias para serem classificadas como revestimento semi-gr?s (grupo AIIa)