Thesis (M.S.)--Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1992. / Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 122-131). Also available via the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Victoria University (Melbourne, Vic.), 2009. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1993. / Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 152-156). Also available via the Internet.

Thesis (M. Med. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 2004. / Also available in print.

Orientador: Gilberto de Nucci / Tese ( mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-26T23:45:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Menezes_FabianaGattide_M.pdf: 1900533 bytes, checksum: dd357fcbd1afb183a4b7ef9ac109988e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2000 / Resumo: Os medicamentos genéricos são produtos que tiveram sua patente expirada e que passaram a ser fabricados por outros produtores além daquele que detinha a patente original. No caso desses medicamentos, a propaganda e a capacidade inovativa têm importância secundária, sendo a competição por menores preços a base deste mercado. A qualidade da formulação de um medicamento não se restringe às suas propriedades fisico-químicas e demais características obtidas por estudos "in vitro", mas, também por estudos de bioequivalência em voluntários sadios. O "Food and Drug Administration" (FDA) dos Estados Unidos estabelece que testes estatísticos para determinar bioequivalência utilizem valores log-transformados dos parâmetros farmacocinéticos ASC (área sob a curva de concentração plasmática em função do tempo) e Crnax (concentração plasmática máxima obtida), com 90% do intervalo de confiança de 80 - 125% para obter comparação. A regulamentação da Lei dos medicamentos genéricos no Brasil (BRASIL, 1999) através da Resolução 391/99 da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária do Ministério da Saúde, estabelece as bases legais para a intercambialidade e assim, as empresas interessadas em cumprir esta regulamentação devem ter conhecimento das exigências técnico-científicas requeridas para assegurar a qualidade, segurança e eficácia do medicamento genérico. Neste trabalho, avaliamos a bioequivalência de duas formulações de comprimidos de finasterida: Flaxin@ comprimidos de 5 mg (Merck S.A. Indústrias Químicas, formulação teste) e Proscar@ comprimidos de 5 mg (Merck Sharp & Dhõme, formulação referência), em vinte e três voluntários sadios do sexo masculino. O protocolo clínico apresentou delineamento aleatório aberto cruzado de dois períodos, com intervalo de 7 dias entre as doses, aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética do Hospital Universitário Walter Cantídio (HUWC) da Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC). As concentrações plasmáticas de finasterida foram determinadas por cromatografia líquida de alta pressão acopl~da a espectrômetro de massas (LC-MS-MS). O método analítico desenvolvido apresentou limite de quantificação de 0.50 ng/rnl. Para o controle de qualidade de 2.00 nglrnL (QCA), a concentração média ::t desvio padrão obtidos foram 2.05 ::t 0.14 nglmI (n=30), com precisão de 6.9% e exatidão de 2.55%. O controle de qualidade de 20.00 nglrnL (QCC) teve concentração média e desvio padrão de 20::t 0.80 nglrnL (n=30) com precisão de 3.81% e exatidão de 0.09%. Das curvas de concentração plasmática vs tempo, foram obtidos os parâmetros farmacocinéticos a seguir: ASC(O-48) (área sob a curva de concentração plasmática em função do tempo até 48 horas), ASC(o-<>o) (área sob a curva de concentração plasmática em função do tempo infinito), Cmax (concentração plasmática máxima obtida), Cmax/ASC(O-48) (razão da concentração plasmática máxima pela área sob a curva de concentração plasmática em função do tempo), ke( constante de eliminação), meia-vida de eliminação e tmax (tempo necessário para alcançar a concentração plasmática máxima). Todos os parâmetros farmacocinéticos foram analisados por métodos estatísticos paramétricos e 000¬paramétricos. As médias geométricas das razões individuais F1axin@lProscar@ foram: 107.3 para ASC(O-48h) (IC 90% 95.7 - 120.2), e 97.9 para' Cmax(IC 90% 88.7 -108). De acordo com os resultados obtidos e requisitos determinados pelo FDA, conc1uúnos serem as duas formulações bioequivalentes, tanto na extensão quanto na velocidade de absorção / Abstract: Two different finasteride tablet fonnulations were evaluated for their relative bioavailability (Flaxin@ tablets 5 mg, Merck S.A. Indústrias Químicas - Brazil as the test fonnulation vs Proscar@ tablets 5 mg, Merck Sharp & Dhõme, as the reference fonnulation) in 23 healthy male volunteers who received a single 5 mg oral dose of each preparation. The study was open, randomized with two-period crossover design and a 7-day washout period. Plasma samples were obtained over a 48-hour intervalo The finasteride concentrations were detennined by HPLC coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS). The ana1ytical method developed has a Limit of Quantitation (LOQ) of 0.50 nglml in plasma. The mean :t SD measured concentration was 2.05 :t 0.14 nglml (n=30) for the Quality Control of 2.00 nglmL (QCA), with precision of 6.9% and accuracy of 2.55%, while Quality Control of 20.00 nglmL , (QCC) the mean :t S.D. measured concentration was 20 :t 0.80 nglmL (n=30) with precision of 3.81% and accuracy of 0.09%. From the plasma finasteride concentration vs time curves the following I?harmacokinetics parameters were obtained: AUC(O-48), AUC(o¬00), Crnax, Crnax / AUC(O-48), ke, elimination half-life and tmax. Geometric mean F1axin@/Proscar@ individual percent ratio was 95.71 for AUC(O-48h) and 88.70% for Cmax. The 90% confidence interval for the geometric mean of the individual ratio test fonnulation/reference fonnulation was 95.70 - 120.20% for AUC(O-48h), 94.60 - 121.30 for AUC(o-oo) and 88.70 - 108 % for Crnax. Since, for both Cmax or AUC the 90% CI are within the interval proposed by the Food and Drug Admipistration test fonnulation is bioequivalent to reference fonnulation for both, the rate and extent of absorption after single dose administration / Mestrado / Mestre em Farmacologia

Magister Administrationis - MAdmin / The research is based on the Financial crisis of the Historically Black Universities as well as the access problems encountered by students from poor backgrounds. Furthermore the research highlights the problems encountered by these students once they are accepted into these universities for example, the inability to cope withe the high standards of sudying at these institutions as well as the problem of paying their fees. the thesis shows the history of university funding in South Africa with emphasis on the differentfunding formulas, dating back to the era of the Holloway funding formula as well as the Van Wyk de Vries report, the SAPSE funding formula and different other mechanisms up to the present funding formula. Views of different educationalists will also be dealt with in regard to the funding problems of university education in South Africa. / South Africa

Read the abstract in the section 00front of this document. / Thesis (DPhil (Food Science))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Food Science / unrestricted

This paper investigates the Runge-Kutta method of numerically integrating ordinary differential equations. An existence theorem is given insuring a solution to the differential equation, then the theorem is modified to yield an analytic solution. The derivation of the method itself is followed by an analysis of the inherent error.

The marketing of infant feeding products is almost impossible as the infant nutrition industry is highly regulated. Despite operating under strict regulations, the infant formula manufacturing companies still generate high revenues on an annual basis. The infant formula manufacturing industry operates under a value chain which can be broken down into six sequential steps. These steps are: (1) Translational science; (2) Product development; (3) Clinical research; (4) Product notification; (5) Reimbursement granting and (6) Product marketing. Medical nutrition companies aspire to understand product requirements of healthcare professionals and medical representatives. This is to enable direct investment to acquire market share without wasting resources. The medical nutrition industry currently makes use of medical representatives to execute product marketing. Manufacturing companies invest a lot of money into developing their products, employing and training medical representatives and trust that this will be enough to persuade healthcare professionals to recommend their products to parents. This study analyses the main contributing factors that enhance prescription of specialised infant formula by healthcare professionals. This study was conducted in a positivistic paradigm by making use of a quantitative approach. Healthcare professionals from Port Elizabeth, working with paediatric patients were included in this study. The healthcare professionals were chosen by a convenience sampling method and were then interviewed. The empirical interview results were substantiated with the interpretive findings which were in the form of verbatim statements extracted directly from the research questionnaire. Linkage between the dependable variable (prescription) and independent variables (manufacturing company; product composition; cost of product; medical representative and peers) were established and analysed. The research revealed that prescription behaviour is an important construct which can be measured in medical practices. Prescription behaviour is correlated with positive business and medical outcomes and manufacturing companies are able to exert influence over it through the identified variables. Of these variables, efficacy of vii a product, trusted manufacturing company and the medical representatives were found to have direct and significant effects. Healthcare professionals tend to prescribe a specialised infant formula if they have seen results and trust the outcome of the product. It is advisable for manufacturing companies to exert great effort before appointing a medical representative, to make sure that the right candidate represents the face of the company.

Hypergeometric type functions have a long list of applications in the field of sciences. A brief history is given of Hypergeometric functions including some of their applications. A development of a new method for finding asymptotic formulas for large arguments is given. This new method is applied to Bessel functions. Results are compared with previously known methods.