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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Model-based feature extraction and classification for automatic face recognition

Benn, David E. January 2000 (has links)
No description available.
2

Detecção de riscos em lentes esféricas, por luz refletida, através de descritores de Fourier / Detect of scratches in spherical lenses, for light reflected under Fourier descriptors

Barcellos, Robson 06 July 2007 (has links)
Este trabalho apresenta uma metodologia para inspeção de lentes oftalmológicas orgânicas esféricas durante seu processo de polimento. A metodologia consiste na obtenção de uma imagem em uma câmera de vídeo CCD, usando-se luz ultravioleta, da lente a ser inspecionada, e posterior processamento desta imagem para discriminar a presença de riscos de outros artefatos que poderão aparecer na imagem capturada. Para a detecção da presença de riscos foram utilizados os descritores de Fourier. Atenção especial foi dada à iluminação da lente, que é fator determinante na obtenção de uma boa qualidade de imagem. Os resultados mostram a eficiência do método e permitem sua utilização durante o processo de fabricação de lentes. / This work presents a methodology for inspection of spherical organic ophthalmic lenses during the polishing process. The methodology encompasses the capture of an ultraviolet image of the lens under inspection by a CCD video camera and associated processing of the image to discriminate between scratches on the lens and artifacts that can appear on the image. Fourier descriptors were used to detect the existence of scratches. Special attention was given to illumination which is a determining factor in grabbing an image with good quality. The results show that the method is efficient and that it can be used in the lens manufacturing process.
3

Detecção de riscos em lentes esféricas, por luz refletida, através de descritores de Fourier / Detect of scratches in spherical lenses, for light reflected under Fourier descriptors

Robson Barcellos 06 July 2007 (has links)
Este trabalho apresenta uma metodologia para inspeção de lentes oftalmológicas orgânicas esféricas durante seu processo de polimento. A metodologia consiste na obtenção de uma imagem em uma câmera de vídeo CCD, usando-se luz ultravioleta, da lente a ser inspecionada, e posterior processamento desta imagem para discriminar a presença de riscos de outros artefatos que poderão aparecer na imagem capturada. Para a detecção da presença de riscos foram utilizados os descritores de Fourier. Atenção especial foi dada à iluminação da lente, que é fator determinante na obtenção de uma boa qualidade de imagem. Os resultados mostram a eficiência do método e permitem sua utilização durante o processo de fabricação de lentes. / This work presents a methodology for inspection of spherical organic ophthalmic lenses during the polishing process. The methodology encompasses the capture of an ultraviolet image of the lens under inspection by a CCD video camera and associated processing of the image to discriminate between scratches on the lens and artifacts that can appear on the image. Fourier descriptors were used to detect the existence of scratches. Special attention was given to illumination which is a determining factor in grabbing an image with good quality. The results show that the method is efficient and that it can be used in the lens manufacturing process.
4

Conception d'un dispositif d'acquisition d'images agronomiques 3D en extérieur et développement des traitements associés pour la détection et la reconnaissance de plantes et de maladies

Billiot, Bastien 20 November 2013 (has links)
Dans le cadre de l'acquisition de l'information de profondeur de scènes texturées, un processus d'estimation de la profondeur basé sur la méthode de reconstruction 3D « Shape from Focus » est présenté dans ce manuscrit. Les deux étapes fondamentales de cette approche sont l'acquisition de la séquence d'images de la scène par sectionnement optique et l'évaluation de la netteté locale pour chaque pixel des images acquises. Deux systèmes d'acquisition de cette séquence d'images sont présentés ainsi que les traitements permettant d'exploiter celle-ci pour la suite du processus d'estimation de la profondeur. L'étape d'évaluation de la netteté des pixels passe par la comparaison des différents opérateurs de mesure de netteté. En plus des opérateurs usuels, deux nouveaux opérateurs basés sur les descripteurs généralisés de Fourier sont proposés. Une méthode nouvelle et originale de comparaison est développée et permet une analyse approfondie de la robustesse à différents paramètres des divers opérateurs. Afin de proposer une automatisation du processus de reconstruction, deux méthodes d'évaluation automatique de la netteté sont détaillées. Finalement, le processus complet de reconstruction est appliqué à des scènes agronomiques, mais également à une problématique du domaine de l'analyse de défaillances de circuits intégrés afin d'élargir les domaines d'utilisation / In the context of the acquisition of depth information for textured scenes, a depth estimation process based on a 3D reconstruction method called "shape from focus" is proposed in this thesis. The two crucial steps of this approach are the image sequence acquisition of the scene by optical sectioning and the local sharpness evaluation for each pixel of the acquired images. Two acquisition systems have been developed and are presented as well as different image processing techniques that enable the image exploitation for the depth estimation process. The pixel sharpness evaluation requires comparison of different focus measure operators in order to determine the most appropriate ones. In addition to the usual focus measure operators, two news operators based on generalized Fourier descriptors are presented. A new and original comparison method is developped and provides a further analysis of the robustness to various parameters of the focus measure operators. In order to provide an automatic version of the reconstruction process, two automatic sharpness evaluation methods are detailed. Finally, the whole reconstruction process is applied to agronomic scenes, but also to a problematic in failure analysis domain aiming to expand to other applications
5

Un nouvel a priori de formes pour les contours actifs / A new shape prior for active contour model

Ahmed, Fareed 14 February 2014 (has links)
Les contours actifs sont parmi les méthodes de segmentation d'images les plus utilisées et de nombreuses implémentations ont vu le jour durant ces 25 dernières années. Parmi elles, l'approche greedy est considérée comme l'une des plus rapides et des plus stables. Toutefois, quelle que soit l'implémentation choisie, les résultats de segmentation souffrent grandement en présence d'occlusions, de concavités ou de déformation anormales de la forme. Si l'on dispose d'informations a priori sur la forme recherchée, alors son incorporation à un modèle existant peut permettre d'améliorer très nettement les résultats de segmentation. Dans cette thèse, l'inclusion de ce type de contraintes de formes dans un modèle de contour actif explicite est proposée. Afin de garantir une invariance à la rotation, à la translation et au changement d'échelle, les descripteurs de Fourier sont utilisés. Contrairement à la plupart des méthodes existantes, qui comparent la forme de référence et le contour actif en cours d'évolution dans le domaine d'origine par le biais d'une transformation inverse, la méthode proposée ici réalise cette comparaison dans l'espace des descripteurs. Cela assure à notre approche un faible temps de calcul et lui permet d'être indépendante du nombre de points de contrôle choisis pour le contour actif. En revanche, cela induit un biais dans la phase des coefficients de Fourier, handicapant l'invariance à la rotation. Ce problème est résolu par un algorithme original. Les expérimentations indiquent clairement que l'utilisation de ce type de contrainte de forme améliore significativement les résultats de segmentation du modèle de contour actif utilisé. / Active contours are widely used for image segmentation. There are many implementations of active contours. The greedy algorithm is being regarded as one of the fastest and stable implementations. No matter which implementation is being employed, the segmentation results suffer greatly in the presence of occlusion, context noise, concavities or abnormal deformation of shape. If some prior knowledge about the shape of the object is available, then its addition to an existing model can greatly improve the segmentation results. In this thesis inclusion of such shape constraints for explicit active contours is being implemented. These shape priors are introduced through the use of robust Fourier based descriptors which makes them invariant to the translation, scaling and rotation factors and enables the deformable model to converge towards the prior shape even in the presence of occlusion and contextual noise. Unlike most existing methods which compare the reference shape and evolving contour in the spatial domain by applying the inverse transforms, our proposed method realizes such comparisons entirely in the descriptor space. This not only decreases the computational time but also allows our method to be independent of the number of control points chosen for the description of the active contour. This formulation however, may introduce certain anomalies in the phase of the descriptors which affects the rotation invariance. This problem has been solved by an original algorithm. Experimental results clearly indicate that the inclusion of these shape priors significantly improved the segmentation results of the active contour model being used.
6

Klassificering av refuger baserat på spatiala vektorpolygoner i vägnät : En fallstudie om utmaningar och lösningar till att klassificera företeelser till det norska vägnätet / Classifying traffic islands based on spatial vector polygons in a road network : A case study on challenges and solutions when classifying features to the Norwegian road network

Andersson, Jens, Berg, Marcus January 2022 (has links)
Geografiska informationssystems användning blir allt viktigare i dagens samhälle där spatiala data kan lagras, hämtas, analyseras och visualiseras. Genom att sammanställa spatiala data kan en bild av verkligheten abstraheras. Detaljerad information om vägnat och företeelser (refuger, bullerplank, skyltar etcetera) för analys leder till ett effektivare drift- och underhållsarbete. Vilket i sin tur ger en ökad framkomlighet för trafikanter. Teknikföretaget Triona har en kartapplikation där utmaningar har uppstått gällande algoritmisk knytning av inmätta refuger (benämnd Norge-datasamlingen) till det norska vägnatet. En refug ar en upphöjning i gatan som avgränsar körfalt och påminner om en trottoar i utseendet. Denna fallstudie behandlade ett delproblem där klassificering av refuger skulle kunna underlätta knytningen och förutsättningarna for analys. Syftet med studien kan sammanfattas till att presentera förslag på metoder for att klassificera refugerna med övervakad maskininlärning. Med algoritmerna K-nearest neighbors (KNN) och Decision tree studerades möjligheten att automatiskt klassificera refugerna. En refug bestod av en vektorpolygon vilket är en lista med koordinater. Polygonens hörn bestod av koordinatparen latitud och longitud. Norge-datasamlingen var inte i forväg kategoriserad till sina elva typer och kunde därfor inte anvandas. En datasamling med 2157 refuger med sju typer från Portland, USA tillämpades i stället. De spatiala vektorpolygonerna transformerades med Elliptical Fourier Descriptors (EFD). Maskinlärningsmodellerna tränades på att klassificera refugerna baserat på matematiska approximationer av dess konturer från EFD. Slutsatser kunde dras genom att refugtypernas konturer analyserades och prestationer observerades. Prestationer utvärderades utifrån traffsäkerhet med kompletterande mätvarden som precision och återkallelse på Portland-datasamlingen. Traffsäkerhet är andelen rätta klassificeringar av refugerna. KNN uppnådde 64 % och Decisiontree 69 % traffsäkerhet. Då båda datasamlingarna var verkliga exempel på refuger i vägnat kunde ett antagande göras att det inte skulle bli en mycket högre traffsäkerhet om studiens metod appliceras på Norge-datasamlingen. Modellernas prestationer bedömdes därmed inte vara tillrackligt bra for en rekommendation. / Geographical information systems are becoming increasingly important in today´s society where spatial data can be stored, collected, analysed, and visualized. By compiling spatial data reality can be abstracted. Detailed information on road networks and objects (traffic islands, noise barriers, signs, etcetera) for analysis leads to more efficient operation and maintenance work. Which in turn provides increased accessibility for road users. The technology company Triona has a map application where algorithmic connection of traffic islands (Norway-dataset) to the Norwegian road network has been challenging. A traffic island is an elevation in the street that delimits lanes and is reminiscent of a sidewalk in appearance. This case study addressed a sub-problem where classification of traffic islands could facilitate the connection and prerequisites for analysis. The aim was to present methods that could classify the traffic islands with supervised machine learning. With the algorithms K-nearest neighbors (KNN) and Decision tree, the possibility of automatically classifying the traffic islands was studied. A traffic island consisted of a vector polygon which is a list storing its corners (latitude and longitude). The Norway-dataset was not previously labelled into its eleven types. A data collection of 2157 refuges with seven types from Portland, USA was therefore applied instead. The traffic islands were transformed with Elliptical Fourier Descriptors which extracted an approximation of its contours to train the machine learning models on. Conclusions could be drawn by analysing the contours and observing performance. Performance was evaluated based on accuracy with precision and recall on the Port-land-dataset. Accuracy is the proportion of correct classifications. KNN achieved 64% and Decision Tree 69% accuracy. As both datasets contained real traffic islands in road networks, an assumption could be made that the accuracy would not be much higher if applied on the Norway-dataset. The result was not considered sufficient for a recommendation.
7

Méthodes fréquentielles pour la reconnaissance d'images couleur : une approche par les algèbres de Clifford / Frequency methods for color image recognition : An approach based on Clifford algebras

Mennesson, José 18 November 2011 (has links)
Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons à la reconnaissance d’images couleur à l’aide d’une nouvelle approche géométrique du domaine fréquentiel. La plupart des méthodes existantes ne traitent que les images en niveaux de gris au travers de descripteurs issus de la transformée de Fourier usuelle. L’extension de telles méthodes aux images multicanaux, comme par exemple les images couleur, consiste généralement à reproduire un traitement identique sur chacun des canaux. Afin d’éviter ce traitement marginal, nous étudions et mettons en perspective les différentes généralisations de la transformée de Fourier pour les images couleur. Ce travail nous oriente vers la transformée de Fourier Clifford pour les images couleur définie dans le cadre des algèbres géométriques. Une étude approfondie de celle-ci nous conduit à définir un algorithme de calcul rapide et à proposer une méthode de corrélation de phase pour les images couleur. Dans un deuxième temps, nous cherchons à généraliser à travers cette transformée de Fourier les définitions des descripteurs de Fourier de la littérature. Nous étudions ainsi les propriétés, notamment l’invariance à la translation, rotation et échelle, des descripteurs existants. Ce travail nous mène à proposer trois nouveaux descripteurs appelés “descripteurs de Fourier couleur généralisés”(GCFD) invariants en translation et en rotation.Les méthodes proposées sont évaluées sur des bases d’images usuelles afin d’estimer l’apport du contenu fréquentiel couleur par rapport aux méthodes niveaux de gris et marginales. Les résultats obtenus à l’aide d’un classifieur SVM montrent le potentiel des méthodes proposées ; les descripteurs GCFD se révèlent être plus compacts, de complexité algorithmique moindre pour des performances de classification au minimum équivalentes. Nous proposons également des heuristiques pour le choix du paramètre de la transformée de Fourier Clifford.Cette thèse constitue un premier pas vers une généralisation des méthodes fréquentielles aux images multicanaux. / In this thesis, we focus on color image recognition using a new geometric approach in the frequency domain. Most existing methods only process grayscale images through descriptors defined from the usual Fourier transform. The extension of these methods to multichannel images such as color images usually consists in reproducing the same processing for each channel. To avoid this marginal processing,we study and compare the different generalizations of color Fourier transforms. This work leads us to use the Clifford Fourier transform for color images defined in the framework of geometric algebra. A detailed study of it leads us to define a fast algorithm and to propose a phase correlation for colorimages. In a second step, with the aim of generalizing Fourier descriptors of the literature with thisFourier transform, we study their properties, including invariance to translation, rotation and scale.This work leads us to propose three new descriptors called “generalized color Fourier descriptors”(GCFD) invariant in translation and in rotation.The proposed methods are evaluated on usual image databases to estimate the contribution of color frequency content compared with grayscale and marginal methods. The results obtained usingan SVM classifier show the potential of the proposed methods ; the GCFD are more compact, have less computational complexity and give better recognition rates. We also propose heuristics for choosing the parameter of the color Clifford Fourier transform.This thesis is a first step towards a generalization of frequency methods to multichannel images.

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