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This paper is about Java object relational frameworks and related processes. The goal of this work consists of showing design patterns for ORM, introducing Java ORM standards along with the main implementations, finding criteria for comparison of ORM frameworks and showing working ORM example in a case study. This paper has the following structure: The first part of this paper discusses main ORM design patters, approaches to ORM and performance related features of Java ORM frameworks. Next part describes available Java ORM standards and implementations and introduces case study attached to this part as appendix. The last part of this paper presents ORM frameworks comparison criteria and compares main implementations of the JPA standard.

The aim of this work is to introduce with the technology necessary to build Internet application, which will be partially generated by the code generator. These technologies are primarily PHP framework with MVC architecture, XML and MySQL database system. The goal is not only introduce with the technology but also the preparation of the generator.

Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs), an emerging class of porous crystalline materials, have shown promising properties for diverse applications such as catalysis, gas storage and separation. The high degree of tunability of MOFs vs other solid materials enable the assembly of advanced materials with fascinating properties for specific applications. Nevertheless, the precise control in the construction of MOFs at the molecular level remains challenging. Particularly, the formation of pre-targeted multi-nuclear Molecular Building Block (MBB) precursors to unveil materials with targeted structural characteristics is captivating. The aim of my master project in the continuous quest of the group of Prof. Eddaoudi in exploring different synthetic pathways to control the assembly of Rare Earth (RE) based MOF. After giving a general overview about MOFs, I will discuss in this thesis the results of my work on the use of tri-topic oriented organic carboxylate building units with the aim to explore the assembly/construction of new porous RE based MOFs. In chapter 2 will discuss the assembly of 3-c linkers with RE metals was then evaluated based on symmetry and angularity of the three connected linkers. The focus of chapter 3 is cerium based MOFs and heterometallic system, based on 3-c ligands with different length and symmetry. Overall, the incompatibility of 3-c ligands with the 12-c cuo MBB did not allow to any formation of higher neuclearity (˃6), but it has resulted in affecting the connectivity of the cluster.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / This thesis presents a novel technique and framework for decreasing instrumenta- tion overhead in software systems that utilize dynamic binary instrumentation. First, we introduce a lightweight networking framework combined with an easily extensible BSON implementation as a heavy analysis routine replacement. Secondly, we bind instrumentation and analysis threads to non-overlapping cpu cores--allowing analysis threads to execute faster. Lastly, we utilize a lock-free buffering system to bridge the gap between instrumentation and analysis threads, and minimize the overhead to the instrumentation threads. Using this combination, we managed to write a dynamic binary instrumentation tool (DBI) in Pin using Pin++ that is almost 1100 % faster than its counterpart DBI tool with no buffering, and less than 500% slower than a similar tool with no analysis routine.

Far too often, theorists talk past one another making it difficult to compare and contrast the differing viewpoints. Described by what I term the 'problem of clarity,' much legal discourse has suffered at the hands of misunderstood views and lack of attention paid to focusing on arguing the truth or falsity of the same propositions. In this dissertation, I aim to develop a conceptual framework through which past, present and future debates may be understood. Focusing on morality's role in the law, this thesis sets out to alleviate the problem of clarity as it affects discourse in jurisprudence. Distinguishing objects from theories, I proceed to outline various 'levels' at which we may understand morality as functioning in law. Morality's role in law, I argue, can be understood as falling under one of three distinct levels: the 'practice-level,' the 'theoretical-level,' or the 'meta-theoretical-level.' In putting forth this framework, I hope to provide guidelines through which legal theorists will be able to focus concerns and debates. It is the aim of this thesis to help alleviate the difficulties arising out of the problem of clarity, for example, by providing a framework in which theorists will be able to work, specifically in matters concerning morality's role in law. / Thesis / Master of Arts (MA)

The first five years in children’s lives lay the foundation for their cognitive and social development and learning prowess over the course of their lives. In terms of global awareness, the field of Early Childhood Development (ECD) has gained prominence and several countries – including South Africa – are now implementing innovative policies, curricula, strategies and parenting programs to advance young children’s development and social abilities. The democracy-era government in South Africa has focused increasingly on improvements to ECD and Grade R policies. Although the South African government created a legislative framework to ensure the accessibility of ECD services to all 4–5-years-old children, they failed to prioritise the hiring of qualified practitioners who could employ their skills and knowledge of child development to smoothen children’s transitions from home to school life. Consequently, unqualified practitioners are often tasked with managing young children’s transitions without adequate skill sets and support systems. Most children in disadvantaged communities are still taught by unqualified practitioners. The purpose of this research was to formulate a training framework for Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) practitioners to increase their competencies in facilitating children’s transitions. The study was designed to identify all the key components of a suitable training framework that would enable ECEC practitioners to design high-quality transitioning programmes at their schools. The conceptual framework for the study included Piaget and Erikson’s child development theory, Schlossberg’s theory on transition and Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory. The researcher conducted a qualitative study employing purposive sampling to select relevant research sites and participants. The data collection strategies included structured interviews with practitioners, field observations of practitioners’ practices and a compilation of children’s drawings. The findings, conclusions and recommendations centred on these dominant themes: children’s response to a transition, transition processes and teacher-training regime. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2021. / Department of Higher Education and Training / Early Childhood Education / PhD / Unrestricted

It is estimated that South Africa contains vast amounts of shale gas. Meanwhile, the country relies heavily on coal as a primary energy source, as a result, it ranks amongst the highest carbon dioxide emitting countries globally, therefore is a significant contributor to climate change. Climate change is a cause for global concern, if not mitigated it will cause more severe devastation to societies worldwide. The exploitation of shale gas in South Africa will require the use of hydraulic fracturing, a technology that has generated controversy globally. The country however does not have an effective legal framework to regulate the exploration and production of shale gas using this technology. This thesis investigates whether South Africa's petroleum legal framework provides adequately for the protection of the environment against the risks posed by shale gas development. It posits that with a petroleum legal framework premised on avoiding, mitigating, and remediating environmental damage, shale gas could be developed in an environmentally sensible manner in South Africa, to enhance energy security of supply while reducing the country's carbon dioxide emissions to the atmosphere. The assessment employs the comparative legal research methodology and uses the prevention principle (avoidance), precautionary principle (mitigation), and polluter pays principle (remediation) as comparative themes. The comparative jurisdictions are South Africa, the United Kingdom, and Canada. The United Kingdom and Canada are more mature petroleum provinces/jurisdictions, therefore, have relatively advanced legal frameworks for petroleum extraction. The study finds that these principles are already embedded in the South African environmental legal framework. Therefore, the appropriate petroleum legal framework to guide shale gas development in South Africa would be one that provides for the rigorous application of these principles, in an integrated and complementary manner, with close monitoring and enforcement. The capacity of the relevant regulatory agencies will have to be enhanced to ensure effective compliance monitoring and enforcement.

The metal-organic framework (MOF) research activities can be classified into MOF preparation, MOF processing, and MOF application. Processing MOFs into specially ordered shapes and morphologies is of great importance, since it bridges MOFs to real-life applications. Additionally, creating higher-order mesoscopic architectures with MOF particles as building blocks can introduce novel properties besides the inherent features of MOFs, thus opening a door to enhancing their performance in various applications. This thesis focused on the fabrication of MOFs into zero-dimensional and three-dimensional MOF architectures via various concepts inspired by polymerization and interfacial techniques. • A raspberry-like MOF-polymer microsphere was prepared via dispersion polymerization. MOFs were found to be a good stabilizer and could be bound to polymer core with the help of polyvinylpyrrolidone. The prepared microsphere could be further developed into a polymer@MOF core-shell structure. • A multilayered MOF colloidosome (MOFsome) was prepared through transient Pickering emulsion. The obtained MOFsome could be used as a stimulus-responsive carrier and as a general platform for construction of multicomponent colloidosomes. • A porous MOF monolith was obtained using high internal phase emulsion template (HIPE). MOF particles were able to stabilize HIPE with internal phase up to 90 % of the volume. The obtained monoliths were ultralight with density as low as 12 mg/cm3. • A flexible and porous nanocellulose aerogel with high MOF loadings was prepared through a straightforward sol-gel process, followed by freeze-drying. The hierarchical porous hybrid aerogel remained intact under compression and was demonstrated to be an ideal absorbents for water purification. • A shapeable and versatile platform was demonstrated for in situ growth of MOF particles. The metal ion cross-linked alginate hydrogels were converted into MOF-alginate composites through a post-treatment of the hydrogels with MOF ligand solution. The macroscopic shape of the composite could be controlled and it was demonstrated to be an effective absorbent for water purification. / Dissertation / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

We are living in a time of fundamental changes in the dynamic between privacy and surveillance. The ubiquity of information technology has changed the ways in which we interact, empowering us through new venues of communication and social intimacy. At the same time, it exposes us to the prying eyes of others, in the shape of governments, companies, or even fellow humans. This creates a challenging environment for the design of 'privacy-aware' applications, exacerbated by a disconnect between abstract knowledge of privacy and concrete information requirements of privacy design frameworks. In this work, we present a novel approach for the modeling of contextual privacy preference and practice. The process guides a 'privacy analyst' through the steps of evaluating, choosing, and deploying appropriate data collection strategies; the verification and validation of the collected data; and the systematic transformation of the dense, unstructured data into a structured domain model. We introduce the Privacy Domain Modeling Language (PDML) to address the representational needs of privacy domain models. Making use of the structure of PDML, we explore the applicability of the information theoretic concept 'entropy' to determine the completeness of the resulting model. We evaluate the utility of the process through its application to the evaluation and re-design of a web application for the management of students' directory information and education records. Through this case study, we demonstrate the potential for automation of the process through the Privacy Analyst Work eNvironment (PAWN) and show the process's seamless integration with existing privacy design frameworks. Finally, we provide evidence for the value of using entropy for determining model completeness, and provide an outlook on future work. / Ph. D.