The emergence of Progressivism at the beginning of the twentieth century influenced many aspects of American society. One of those aspects was urban parks. In the latter half of the nineteenth century Frederick Law Olmsted led a nationwide implementation of "Victorian" parks. These parks featured broad expanses of turf, waterways, and trees. Olmsted and the other Victorian park leaders designed the parks to cultivate Victorian values of self-restraint and independence among the citizenry. With the rise of Progressivism the ideals of the middle class changed. Led by Theodore Roosevelt, millions of Americans embraced the "strenuous life" and its emphasis on strength and leadership. Consequently, parks changed. The new Progressive park design favored athletic facilities over places for repose. Audubon Park in New Orleans was built just as this change was occurring, and therefore provides us an opportunity to study this moment in American history in detail.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-02-01T21:29:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 EugenioMarianoFonsecaDeMedeiros_TESE.pdf: 8281444 bytes, checksum: 0bb0b58d20d0823e77224f0cb2366b35 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Elisangela Moura (lilaalves@gmail.com) on 2016-03-11T12:21:20Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 EugenioMarianoFonsecaDeMedeiros_TESE.pdf: 8281444 bytes, checksum: 0bb0b58d20d0823e77224f0cb2366b35 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-11T12:21:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EugenioMarianoFonsecaDeMedeiros_TESE.pdf: 8281444 bytes, checksum: 0bb0b58d20d0823e77224f0cb2366b35 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-12-15 / Tomando como ponto de partida a Teoria do Ambiente Restaurador (TAR), criada por Frederick Law Olmsted em meados do s?culo XIX, segundo a qual, os parques urbanos podem contribuir significativamente para a solu??o dos problemas advindos do crowding, particularmente o estresse urbano, analisamos como a TAR chegou ao s?culo XXI, tendo como foco de an?lise o Central Park de Nova Iorque (CP). Considerando que o CP e o cinema foram criados mais ou menos ? mesma ?poca, questionamos: (1) se as propostas do projeto de Olmsted para o CP, atendem ?s demandas do s?culo XXI e, caso tenham apresentado modifica??es, quais foram e como se deram; e (2) se, como ferramenta contempor?nea, o cinema apresenta/representa essas modifica??es ou perman?ncias. Respondendo a estas quest?es, defendemos duas hip?teses: (H1) embora mesmo na ?poca de sua execu??o j? tenha havido ajustes e modifica??es, o projeto do CP manteve-se fiel ?s premissas da teoria, propiciando os efeitos restauradores previstos pela TAR; (H2) o cinema ? uma ferramenta adequada ? documenta??o e verifica??o da TAR no CP, tanto devido ao contexto cultural comum que os gerou, quanto pela rela??o existente entre eles. O principal objetivo da tese foi, portanto, compreender semelhan?as e diferen?as entre os ideais do s?culo XIX que geraram o CP e o modo como o cinema do s?culo XXI representa sua atual utiliza??o. Metodologicamente, a tese recorreu ? an?lise bibliogr?fica e documental para subsidiar os cap?tulos iniciais e ao cinema como instrumento anal?tico destinado ? investiga??o da TAR. Os resultados referendam a H2, pois o cinema mostrou-se uma ferramenta adequada a esta pesquisa, por?m, n?o confirmou-se plenamente a H1, uma vez que, embora o projeto do CP mantenha-se relativamente intacto e fiel ? TAR (propiciando os efeitos restauradores), v?rios dos comportamentos que caracterizam a contemporaneidade n?o foram previstos anteriormente, o que se evidencia com rela??o ? pr?tica esportiva, ? maci?a presen?a feminina e, sobretudo, ? criminalidade. / Taking into account the Environmental Restorative Theory (ERT) , created by Fre derick Law Olmsted in mid XIX ce ntury , according which, urban parks can contribute to solve problems arisen from crowding , particularly urban stress, we analize how the ERT arrived at XXI century, having as approach the evaluation of New York Central Park (CP). Considering that the CP and the cinema were born around at the same, we question if the North American cinema produced between 1960 and 2013 show the ideals, which engendered the CP. By answering this question we defend the hypothesis that, even though has existed adjusts and modificati ons in the CP plan through time, it kept reasonably faithful to the ERT premises, propitiating to the XX and XXI centuries cinema identify and bring forth the presence of the Olmsted?s Ideals in the present days. The thesis main objective was nonetheless u nderstand similarities and/or differences between the XIX century ideals (that gave birth to CP) and the way the cinema represents the present uses of the place, taking into account that the Olmstedian ERT proposal have survived to the context changes (soc ial, economic, political and cultural). Methodologically , we drew upon bibliographical and documental analysis to build the first chapters and to the cinema as analytical lenses to investigate the ERT. The results point that although the CP plan has kept r elatively intact and faithful to the ERT ? with the presence of natural elements in the films (notably vegetation and water) ? many of contemporary behaviors were not foreseen previously, especially in relation to sports practice, the massive feminine pres ence, as well as criminality.

Thesis (M.A.)--State University of New York at Buffalo, 2006. / Authorized facsimile, made from the microfilm master copy of the original dissertation published by UMI. The bibliographic information for this thesis is contained in UMI's Dissertation Abstracts database. Includes bibliographical references (p. 123-125).

No description available.

Ecological planning relies on a keen awareness of relationships between biophysical and social processes, then uses this knowledge for decision making in accommodating for human needs. The value of this planning process allows for design intervention while also ensuring a sustained use of the landscape, with these insights blending skill and artistry into place-making. In the 1960s, environmental concerns galvanized a generation of landscape architects who first codified ecological planning as a rationale for decisions with environmental stewardship. While this is the accepted canon, in the early 20th century during a period of experimentation and exploration, the Olmsted Brothers landscape architecture firm was using ecological principles as foundations for landscape architecture practice. This thesis challenges current discourse and accepted history, presenting evidence that the Olmsted Brothers' work in the 1920s predated many modern ecological theories and applications, and is an important addition to the historiography of ecological planning. This thesis largely focuses on Frederick Law Olmsted, Jr. as the central historical figure, offering a more in-depth understanding of the evolution of the firm, and fills the gap of the Olmsted legacy. As the children of Frederick Law Olmsted, Sr., Frederick Law Olmsted, Jr. (1870-1957) along with his brother John Charles Olmsted (1852-1920) co-founded the Olmsted Brothers and created one of the most prolific landscape architecture practices, developing projects in all aspects of landscape design. The Olmsted Brothers' work in California accounts for over 200 projects, and ranks among the highest number of their 5000 designs developed in the United States. In the early 20th century, the city of Los Angeles offered significant ecological, cultural, and technological challenges for the firm, with the city's unbridled urbanization and proliferate use of water and automobility. Rich in solutions, the firm's built and proposed designs over the course of 20 years revealed the discipline of landscape architecture in its richest and most scalar form. From small scale gardens, residential communities, park and parkway systems, to open space and watershed planning, the Olmsted Brothers created public spaces that worked in relationship to the ecology of the region during a critical juncture in the history of regional planning in Southern California. A range of methods were utilized in this thesis. Primary data provided both qualitative and quantitative material for study and was extracted from letters, reports and writing, drawings, photos, plans and maps. Over 20,000 primary documents, written by the firm's principals, provided the basis for analysis, and in a new way, this thesis interprets not only the written documents, but related construction documents developed from 1914 - 1931. As part of its data collection, an original contribution of this study is a comprehensive corpus of Olmsted Brothers source material from their work in Los Angeles. Methodologies sought to modify these documents into a spatial understanding of their work through digital analysis and re-creation of designs. The Olmsted Brothers' design solutions provide insights into today's ongoing concerns about water management, sustainable urban planning, and multifunctional landscapes. Their design proposals solved multiple problems with the design, accounting for not only vast geography, but complex cultural and natural systems within it. The value of their ideas reflects landscape architecture solutions as hybrid, dynamic, and strategic, offering 21st century practitioners paradigms in an ever-changing ecology.