The question of free will, determinants of free action and responsibility is one of the most thrilling questions of the mankind. Moreover, the free will problem is closely connected to regulation and hindsight judgement of man behaviour so the law is concerned with the problem as well. However, a legal concept of free will is missing in the Czech law or legal theory. The author is therefore concerned with the fact that there is no satisfactory legal definition of free will even though legal responsibility is impliedly based on free action and free will. The Czech law defines just the freedom of action in negative terms, i.e. as an action of will free from circumstances limiting or precluding legal responsibility. The aim of the thesis is to summarize knowledge of social psychology regarding free will and assess whether the Czech law does impose the right standard of freedom of will in comparison to scientific experiments and findings. Furthermore, there are philosophical theories of free will introduced in the thesis and consequently these theories are questioned and examined for the purpose of defining legal concept of free will. At the end of the psychological part of the thesis one comes to the conclusion that the social determinants such as peer pressure, conformity and obedience to authority...

Sejam G um grupo topológico e X um espaço topológico. Existe uma questão natural associada ao par (G; X) sobre a existência de ações livres e contínuas de G em X. Se tal ação existe, outra questão natural é o estudo de propriedades do espaço de órbitas X / G e, nesse contexto, temos o problema usualmente difícil de se calcular o anel de cohomologia de X / G. Este trabalho é dedicado a essas questões quando X são variedades de Dold P(m;n) especiais e G = Z2. A variedade fechada e suave P(m;n), de dimensão m+2n, é o espaço de órbitas da involução livre T : Sm × CPn → Sm × CPn (x; [z]) → (-x; [ z̄ ]) e foi introduzida por Albrecht Dold em 1956, sendo bastante estudada na literatura e desempenhando papel fundamental na teoria de cobordismo. A principal ferramenta utilizada nesse estudo foi a sequência espectral de Leray-Serre associada à fibração de Borel X → XG → BG; onde XG = (X × EG) / G é a construção de Borel associada ao G-fibrado universal EG → BG. / Let G be a topological group and X be a topological space. There is a natural question associated with the pair (G; X) about the existence of a continuous free action of G on X. If such an action exists, other natural question is the study of properties of the orbit space X / G and, in this setting, the study of the cohomology ring of X / G. This thesis is devoted to these questions when X are special Dold manifolds P(m;n) and G = Z2. The closed smooth (m+2n)-dimensional manifold, P(m;n), is the orbit space of the free involution T : Sm × CPn → Sm × CPn (x; [z]) → (-x; [ z̄ ]) and was introduced by Albrecht Dold in 1956, being well studied in literature and playing a fundamental role in cobordism theory. The main tool used in this study was the Leray-Serre spectral sequence associated with the Borel fibration X → XG → BG; where XG = (X × EG) / G is the Borel construction associated with the universal G-bundle EG → BG.

Sejam G um grupo topológico e X um espaço topológico. Existe uma questão natural associada ao par (G; X) sobre a existência de ações livres e contínuas de G em X. Se tal ação existe, outra questão natural é o estudo de propriedades do espaço de órbitas X / G e, nesse contexto, temos o problema usualmente difícil de se calcular o anel de cohomologia de X / G. Este trabalho é dedicado a essas questões quando X são variedades de Dold P(m;n) especiais e G = Z2. A variedade fechada e suave P(m;n), de dimensão m+2n, é o espaço de órbitas da involução livre T : Sm × CPn → Sm × CPn (x; [z]) → (-x; [ z̄ ]) e foi introduzida por Albrecht Dold em 1956, sendo bastante estudada na literatura e desempenhando papel fundamental na teoria de cobordismo. A principal ferramenta utilizada nesse estudo foi a sequência espectral de Leray-Serre associada à fibração de Borel X → XG → BG; onde XG = (X × EG) / G é a construção de Borel associada ao G-fibrado universal EG → BG. / Let G be a topological group and X be a topological space. There is a natural question associated with the pair (G; X) about the existence of a continuous free action of G on X. If such an action exists, other natural question is the study of properties of the orbit space X / G and, in this setting, the study of the cohomology ring of X / G. This thesis is devoted to these questions when X are special Dold manifolds P(m;n) and G = Z2. The closed smooth (m+2n)-dimensional manifold, P(m;n), is the orbit space of the free involution T : Sm × CPn → Sm × CPn (x; [z]) → (-x; [ z̄ ]) and was introduced by Albrecht Dold in 1956, being well studied in literature and playing a fundamental role in cobordism theory. The main tool used in this study was the Leray-Serre spectral sequence associated with the Borel fibration X → XG → BG; where XG = (X × EG) / G is the Borel construction associated with the universal G-bundle EG → BG.

Many contemporary naturalistic philosophers have taken it for granted that a robust theory of free will, one which would afford us with an agency substantial enough to render us morally responsible for our actions, is itself not conceptually compatible with the philosophical theory of naturalism. I attempt to account for why it is that free will (in its most substantial form) cannot be plausibly located within a naturalistic understanding of the world. I consider the issues surrounding an acceptance of a robust theory of free will within a naturalistic framework. Timothy O’Connor’s reconciliatory effort in maintaining both a scientifically naturalist understanding of the human person and a full-blooded theory of agent-causal libertarian free will is considered. I conclude that Timothy O’Connor’s reconciliatory model cannot be maintained and I reference several conceptual difficulties surrounding the reconciliation of agent-causal libertarian properties with physical properties that haunt the naturalistic libertarian.