The purpose of the thesis is to look at the presentation of vocabulary related to new technologies in four French and four Spanish textbooks for first-year university students to examine the relevance of the language presented in terms of its authenticity to French and Spanish as it is used today. The focus is on authenticity to show the correlation between what is presented to students versus what they will need to communicate effectively in ways that are linguistically, socially, and sociopragmatically appropriate with native speakers. The thesis also provides teachers with a pedagogical framework that will help them integrate new technologies and their related vocabularies into curriculum when textbooks fail to do so.

Word forming process of clipping and its presentation and comprehension in French textbooks at B1 level This diploma thesis focuses on the word formation process of clipping and its presentation and seizing in French textbooks at the B1 level. The theoretical part of the work aims to describe the clipping in the context of other word forming processes and to provide basic information about this process based on the study of professional publications. This part of the work defines clipping and presents the basic typology (apocope and apheresis). Based on specific examples, the thesis describes the morphological and phonetic attributes of clipping, and also mentions specific forms of words associated with this process, such as lexical amalgams. In addition, the theoretical part mentions the words classes usually affected by clipping, the question of grammatical categories or the concept of clipping in the Czech language. The aim of the practical part is to analyse the occurence of the process of clipping in teaching at high schools, using three contemporary French textbooks at the B1 level according to CEFR. The presence or absence of the clipping process in the teaching is also analysed via questionnaire research in selected years of high school. The thesis is based on the assumption that the...

The diploma thesis deals with one of the most important parts of the concept of the Czech educational system - with so-called key competencies. It is focused on two key competencies - the personal and social competencies. In the theoretical part, it deals with notions of the personal and social competence in general - it is focused on the meaning of these two competencies and on the individual areas which they contain. In case of the social competence, the thesis focuses mainly on areas of social communication, social skills, social intelligence and so-called pro-social behaviour. In connection with the personal competence, it deals mainly with areas of self-knowledge, self-conception, self-evaluation, self- organization or self-regulation, as well as with the area of psychohygiene. Theoretical information about personal and social competencies is explicitly linked with language teaching. The practical part analyses four chosen French textbooks and evaluates them in terms of their potentiality to develop both competencies. It evaluates whether the chosen textbooks develop personal and social competencies and if so - to which extent.

5 ABSTRACT: The present thesis deals with history textbook usage in lower secondary school classes. It focuses on the work methods in French history books and their possible application within the Czech system while taking the pupils' perspective into consideration. The theoretical part introduces history instruction in France and work methods used in their textbooks. The focal point of the thesis is its practical part, a case study of two study units that were prepared based on French textbooks; "Townsmen, trade and slavery" and "Women and feminism in 19 th century". These were taught in two year-eight history classes. The results and discussion consist mainly of the analysis of work outputs and pupils' feedback on the used materials. The conclusion outlines possible means of inspiration for Czech schools by the French methods analysed in the case studies. KEY WORDS: Secondary school history History textbook History didactics French textbooks Inquiry-based learning Constructivist teaching

Le traité de paix signé en 1920 à Trianon, réduisant des deux-tiers le territoire et la population de la Hongrie vaincue, engendre une crise diplomatique franco-hongroise. Ce contentieux a-t-il eu un impact sur l’enseignement du français et sur la représentation de la culture française en Hongrie ? La réforme de l’enseignement secondaire de 1924 introduit le français, l’anglais et l’italien à côté de l’allemand obligatoire. On constate alors un essor spectaculaire du français dans les lycées. Cet essor ainsi que la création du premier lycée bilingue français-hongrois montrent l’influence de la culture française et le rôle actif des diplomates français en poste à Budapest malgré les consignes restrictives de Paris. Le Collège Eötvös, créé en 1895 sur le modèle français de l’École Normale Supérieure joue aussi un rôle déterminant dans la formation d’une élite enseignante francophone et francophile. L’approche allemande Kulturkunde, visant l’étude de l’esprit d’un peuple à travers sa littérature, pénètre dans les cercles pédagogiques hongrois. L’accueil est ouvert mais réservé quant aux dérives nationalistes possibles. L’analyse des manuels de français montre que les auteurs inscrivent cette approche dans la tradition francophile de l’élite intellectuelle hongroise en reliant la représentation de l’esprit français aux valeurs humanistes universelles véhiculées par la littérature française. L’absence d’amalgame entre culture et politique, l’attitude distanciée et humaine des enseignants hongrois, dont certains avaient même souffert personnellement de la situation politique entre la France et la Hongrie, montrent que des choix individuels peuvent transcender les contingences politiques et les dérives méthodologiques. / The peace treaty signed at Trianon in 1920 reduced by two-thirds the territory and population of defeated Hungary, thus creating a French-Hungarian diplomatic crisis. Might this strife had an impact on French language teaching and on the way French culture was depicted in textbooks? Actually, in 1924, a secondary education reform provided the possibility to learn English, French and Italian besides compulsory German. The result is a huge rise of French language in secondary schools. This rise and also the creation of the first French bilingual school show how influent French culture was in the country and how French diplomats in Budapest supported the reform in spite of limitative instructions from Foreign Office in Paris. Eötvös College, created in 1895 on the model of French Ecole Normale Supérieure, played also a decisive role in French teachers’ training and in the growth of a French-speaking elite. The german Kulturkunde approach, aimed to study the “mind or esprit of a nation” in teaching literature, penetrates into Hungarian educational circles. Hungarian teachers welcomed this new approach but expressed reserves about possible nationalistic drifts. The analysis of French textbooks shows that the authors applied Kulturkunde by making a strict distinction between politics and culture and by associating it with the humanist and universal values conveyed by French culture, in accordance with the francophile tradition of the Hungarian intellectual elite. The balanced and kind attitude of the Hungarian teachers, some of whom had to suffer personally from the political situation between France and Hungary, shows that individual choices can transcend political contingencies and methodological drifts.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / French textbooks, in particular the Geography ones, are teaching resources that guide teaching practices and substantially contribute to the understanding of the organization of geographical space from the view of different landscapes in the world. The images in this context are the primary documents of iconography. This work analyzes them from the stereotypes that are conveyed about the Brazilian reality. The research approaches a discussion on the epistemological notion of image which is linked to the reality as an external referent. From this viewpoint we discuss whether the pictures represent a true reflection of the Brazilian reality as they can be understood both as presence and substitution of something that is distant from the reader. In other words we have evaluated the limits of the image as a mediator between the real world and what can be read by the students who use it. Therefore, we do not intended to create a hierarchical dualism between true images and false images, but to understand them from the personal intentions of the authors who, in partnership with publishers, define the choice of illustrations and individualized ways of seeing, showing and hiding the world. We have questioned their adaptations and/or inadequacies regarding the Brazilian reality. For that, we use the method of phenomenology to analyze the images of Brazil in France textbooks, published from 1996 to 2011. In parallel we have developed a framework that allows us to describe and then examine the elements considered most relevant in the construction of each image of Brazil. Such procedures showed evidence that the teaching themes that address the Brazilian reality, associated with the subjectivity of the textbooks authors, reverberate in their iconographic positioning. This means that the choice of image format, associated with geographic content requires a strategy to guide the different meanings over Brazil in French textbooks. Thus, we have drawn the main frameworks applied in the iconography of textbooks of that country for presentation and/or enactment of the Brazilian territory. We have found that the image, however, is not spontaneously obtained; it should be understood as an elaboration of reality; it is not reality itself. We finally understand that the way a considerable part of the Brazilian images is portrayed, represented, and repeated at least since the 1990s, seems to contribute, solidify and nurture a unilateral idea about knowledge of Brazil. This refers to an advocated image model that often fits in a context of negativity and generalized conceptions about reality. It is not inappropriate to think that these images show particularized evidence of the Brazilian reality and should be considered as stereotypes. / Os livros didáticos franceses, em específico, os de Geografia, são recursos didáticos que orientam as práticas de ensino e contribuem, substancialmente, com o entendimento da organização do espaço geográfico a partir da visualização de diferentes paisagens do mundo. As imagens fotográficas, nesse contexto, são os documentos primordiais de sua iconografia. Assim, analisamo-las, nesse trabalho, a partir dos estereótipos que veiculam sobre a realidade brasileira. A pesquisa remete, portanto, a uma discussão epistemológica sobre a noção de imagem, articulada a um referente externo, a realidade. Sob esta ótica, questionamos se as imagens representam um reflexo fiel da realidade brasileira, uma vez que podem ser compreendidas, simultaneamente, como presença e sucedâneo de algo que se encontra distante do leitor. Em outras palavras, avaliamos os limites da imagem como mediadora entre o mundo real e a possível leitura da mesma pelos alunos que a utilizam. Não é, pois, intenção criar um dualismo de hierarquização entre imagens verdadeiras e imagens falsas, mas compreendê-las a partir das intencionalidades pessoais dos autores que, em parceria com os editores, definem a escolha das ilustrações e das maneiras particularizadas de ver, mostrar e ocultar o mundo. Interrogamos, assim, as suas adequações e/ou inadequações em relação à realidade brasileira. Para isso, utilizamos o método da Fenomenologia para análise das imagens fotográficas do Brasil nos manuais escolares da França, publicados no período de 1996 a 2011. Paralelamente, elaboramos um quadro que nos permitiu descrever e, em seguida, examinar os elementos considerados mais relevantes na construção de cada imagem do Brasil. Tais procedimentos permitiram constatar que os temas de ensino que abordam a realidade brasileira, associados às subjetividades dos autores dos livros didáticos, reverberam em seu posicionamento iconográfico. Isso significa que a escolha do formato da imagem, em associação com o conteúdo geográfico, pressupõe uma estratégia para orientar as diferentes significações sobre o Brasil nos livros didáticos franceses. Desse modo, traçamos os principais enquadramentos aplicados na iconografia dos manuais escolares desse país para apresentação e/ou encenação do território brasileiro. Verificamos que a imagem, no entanto, não é obtida espontaneamente; ela deve ser entendida como uma elaboração da realidade, não é a realidade em si mesma. Entendemos, por fim, que a maneira como uma considerável parte das imagens brasileiras é retratada, representada e repetida, pelo menos desde a década de 1990, parece contribuir para solidificar e nutrir uma ideia unilateral sobre o conhecimento do Brasil. Isso remete, sem dúvida, a uma imagem-modelo preconizada que se insere, muitas vezes, em um contexto de negatividade e de concepções generalizadas acerca da realidade. Não é desapropriado pensar, enfim, que tais imagens mostram evidências particularizadas da realidade brasileira e devem ser consideradas como estereótipos. / Doutor em Geografia