The thesis research examined localized socio-environmental perceptions related to amplified fresh water requirements for hydraulic fracturing and subsequent flowback disposal activities. These requirements are associated with increasing shale gas development in the Duvernay formation, located within the Kaybob region of West-central Alberta, Canada. Fresh water refers to surface and groundwater with a total dissolved solids concentration of less than 4,000 ppm. Through recourse to a mixed methods approach, combined with triangulation as a method of further validation, the research demonstrates that there exists a public sensitivity related to fresh water use in the Kaybob region. This sensitivity arises from increasing development activities in the Duvernay shale gas formation. The thesis presents conclusions and recommendations whereby industry may address stakeholder concerns, and provides advice for future research.

No description available.

In this thesis, the implementation and results of studies into the effect of pH on the kinetics of various iron transformations in natural waters are described. Specific studies include i) the oxidation of Fe(II) in the absence and presence of both model and natural organic ligands, ii) the complexation of Fe(III) by model organic compounds, and iii) the precipitation of Fe(III) through the use of both laboratory investigations of iron species and kinetic modeling. In the absence of organic ligands, oxidation of nanomolar concentrations of Fe(II) over the pH range 6.0 -- 8.0 is predominantly controlled by the reaction of Fe(II) with oxygen and with superoxide while the disproportionation of superoxide appears to be negligible. Oxidation of Fe(II) by hydrogen peroxide, back reduction of Fe(III) by superoxide and precipitation of Fe(III) have been shown to exert some influences at various stages of the oxidation at different pH and initial Fe(II) concentrations. In the presence of organic ligands, different effects on the Fe(II) oxidation kinetics is shown with different organic ligands, their initial concentrations and with varying pH. A detailed kinetic model is developed and shown to adequately describe the kinetics of Fe(II) oxidation in the absence and presence of various ligands over a range of concentrations and pH. The applicability of the previous oxidation models to describe the experimental data is assessed. Rate constants for formation of Fe(III) by a range of model organic compounds over the pH range 6.0 -- 9.5 are determined. Variation of rate constants for Fe(III) complexation by desferrioxamine B and ethylenediaminetetraacetate with varying pH is explained by an outer-sphere complexation model. The significant variation in rate constants of Fe(III) complexation by salicylate, 5-sulfosalicylate, citrate and 3,4-dihydroxylbenzoate with varying pH is possibly due to the presence of different complexes at different pH. The results of this study demonstrate that organic ligands from different sources may influence the speciation of iron in vastly different ways. The kinetics of Fe(III) precipitation are investigated in bicarbonate solutions over the pH range 6.0 -- 9.5. The rate of precipitation varies by nearly two orders of magnitude with a maximum rate constant at a pH of around 8.0. The results of the study support the existence of the dissolved neutral species Fe(OH)30 and suggests that it is the dominant precursor in Fe(III) polymerization and subsequent precipitation at circumneutral pH. Variation in the precipitation rate constant over the pH range considered is consistent with a mechanism in which the kinetics of iron precipitation are controlled by rates of water exchange in dissolved iron hydrolysis species.

Thesis (M.S.)--Baylor University, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 66-76).

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The marketing fish research in the Czech Republic is directed to the sale of the fresh water fish, which are typical for our country. The consummation of fresh water fish has a long tradition in the Czech Republic, by contrast the marine fish are of the business in the modern life, which made possible to import this raw from the seaside country. In spite of the long term of the being fish in our market its consummation has got a low level. I directed above all to the young people and their board custums considering to the fish consummation in my dissertation. More than two third of inhabitants consumms fish, that means that it is a big chance for the motivation directed to the higher consummation of the fresh water fish. The Czech people eat much more salt water fish than fresh one. The reason is the wider choise of the salt water fish in the market , its better preparation for cooking purposes and lower prices than by the fresh water fish products. There is a low or almost no choice of the fresh water fish meals in the restaurants. With the boarder fish advertisiment by chefs and education it is possible to reach the more frequent using of fresh water fish in the reastaurant´s menus, which the young generation likes.

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Submitted by Johnny Rodrigues (johnnyrodrigues@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-03-09T20:44:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FRANCISCO RUBENS MACEDO DE QUEIROZ - TESE PPGEQ 2017..pdf: 6491313 bytes, checksum: 6c4f94936ecedff528d64322072a5f31 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-09T20:44:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FRANCISCO RUBENS MACEDO DE QUEIROZ - TESE PPGEQ 2017..pdf: 6491313 bytes, checksum: 6c4f94936ecedff528d64322072a5f31 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-09 / Capes / Um dos grandes desafios da atualidade vem sendo a conservação e manutenção dos corpos de águas do mundo, devido as suas contaminações em função das atividades humana. A diversidade das substâncias toxicas de diferentes naturezas são veiculadas como fontes de doenças de alto risco para todos os seres e vegetações do planeta. Um dos pontos preliminares é o acesso ao saneamento básico que a maioria das cidades brasileiras não possuem e que carreiam seus resíduos para mananciais superficiais e subterrâneas, deixando-os com altos índices de bactérias, inclusive com o aumento da concentração de nitrato nas águas subterrâneas. O presente trabalho visa estudar o desempenho de dois sistemas de membranas para reduzir a concentração de nitrato presente em águas de poços doces e salobros, contendo índices de nitrato acima dos padrões de potabilidade da legislação brasileira. Os desempenhos dos sistemas de membranas de microfiltração/nanofiltração e ultrafiltração/osmose inversa, foram estudados em função de seus limites de pressões de operações para diferentes níveis de concentrações de nitrato presentes nos meios aquosos. Os níveis das pressões de operações para todas as águas estudadas foram obtidos com auxílio de um simulador de processos de membranas (Reverse Osmose System Analysis), o qual contribui para realizar o planejamento experimental em função das pressões de operações versus concentrações nitrato. A primeira fase do trabalho os dois sistemas operaram com uma solução de nitrato na faixa de 0,67 mg.L-1 ≤ [N-N03-] ≤ 23,3 mg.L-1 visando explorar os níveis das taxas rejeição do nitrato em função de suas pressões de operações. Os desempenhos dos dois sistemas de membranas foram estudados com água doce de poço contaminada com nitrato, água de abastecimento da rede do LABDES e água de poço salobra, ambas com adição de 20,8 mg.L-1 de nitrato. Os resultados das taxas de rejeição de nitrato para os dois sistemas foram comparados em função do tipo de água de alimentação e seus níveis de concentrações de nitrato. Observou-se que o sistema de membranas de ultrafiltração/osmose inversa apresentou uma remoção de nitrato superior para todos os casos estudados, quando comparados com os obtidos pelo sistema de microfiltração/nanofiltração. Comparando os resultados para uma pressão de operação comum para os dois sistemas de membranas estudados de 3,2 bar o sistema de membrana de microfiltração/nanofiltração conseguiu uma taxa de remoção de 54,50% e o sistema de ultrafiltração/osmose inversa foi de 86,10% para uma concentração de 20,8 mg.L-1 de nitrato na água doce de poço. Observou-se que uma redução de nitrato e dos sólidos totais dissolvidos em águas doces para os padrões de potabilidade foram significativas para o sistema de ultrafiltração/osmose inversa do que a do sistema de microfiltração/nanofiltração, em função da pressão de operação. Com auxilio do MINITAB Versão 17.0 os modelos foram validados a partir das curvas dos dados experimentais para os dois sistemas de membranas estudados. / One of the great challenges of the present time has been the conservation and maintenance of the bodies of water of the world, due to its contaminations due to human activities. The diversity of toxic substances of different natures are conveyed as sources of high risk diseases for all beings and vegetations of the planet. One of the preliminary points is access to basic sanitation that most Brazilian cities do not have and that carry their waste to surface and underground springs, leaving them with high rates of bacteria, including with increasing nitrate concentration in groundwater. The present work aims to study the performance of two membrane systems to reduce the concentration of nitrate present in waters of sweet and brackish wells, containing nitrate indices above the potability standards of Brazilian legislation. The performances of the microfiltration/nanofiltration and ultrafiltration/reverse osmosis membranes systems were studied as a function of their operating pressure limits for different levels of nitrate concentrations present in the aqueous media. The operating pressure levels for all studied waters were obtained using a Reverse Osmose System Analysis, which contributes to perform the experimental planning as a function of the operating pressures versus nitrate concentrations. In the first phase of the work the two systems operated with a nitrate solution in the range of 0,67 mg.L-1 ≤ [N-N03-] ≤ 23,3 mg.L-1 to explore the levels of nitrate rejection rates as a function of their pressures Operations. The performances of the two membrane systems were studied with fresh water from well contaminated with nitrate, LABDES network water supply and brackish water, both with addition of 20,8 mg.L-1 of nitrate. The results of the nitrate rejection rates for the two systems were compared according to the type of feed water and their levels of nitrate concentrations. It was observed that the ultrafiltration / reverse osmosis membrane system showed superior nitrate removal for all the studied cases when compared to those obtained by the microfiltration / nanofiltration system. Comparing the results to a common operating pressure for the two 3,2 bar membrane systems studied, the microfiltration/nanofiltration membrane system achieved a removal rate of 54,50% and the ultrafiltration/reverse osmosis system was 86,10% for a concentration of 20,8 mg.L-1 nitrate in freshwater well. It was observed that a reduction of nitrate and total solids dissolved in fresh water to the potability standards were significant for the ultrafiltration / reverse osmosis system than that of the microfiltration/nanofiltration system as a function of the operating pressure. With the help of MINITAB Version 17.0 the models were validated from the curves of the experimental data for the two systems of membranes studied.

Submitted by Ana Carolina da Silva null (anacarolana@hotmail.com) on 2017-07-11T12:59:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Ana_Carolina_da_Silva.pdf: 2050135 bytes, checksum: a296bb77ef0c1d6524f5a9d5d96779c7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by LUIZA DE MENEZES ROMANETTO (luizamenezes@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2017-07-14T15:04:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_ac_dr_jabo.pdf: 2050135 bytes, checksum: a296bb77ef0c1d6524f5a9d5d96779c7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-14T15:04:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_ac_dr_jabo.pdf: 2050135 bytes, checksum: a296bb77ef0c1d6524f5a9d5d96779c7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-12 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / O presente trabalho teve como objetivo o estudo taxonômico e ecológico dos metazoários parasitas de peixes da Família Anostomidae pertencentes às Bacias Hidrográficas do Rio Grande e Rio São Francisco. No total foram coletados 411 exemplares de peixes, dos quais 360 pertenciam à bacia do Rio Grande e 51 da bacia do Rio São Francisco, sendo que 244 (94,16%) e 45 (88,23%), respectivamente, estavam parasitados por alguma espécie de metazoário. Foram identificados os seguintes parasitas: Rhinoxenus arietinus, Rhinoxenus nyttus, Protorhinoxenus prochilodi, Jainus leporini, Tereancistrum parvus, Urocleidodes paradoxus, Urocleidodes naris e Tereancistrum paranaensis; Clinostomum sp. 1 (metacercárias) e Clinostomum sp. 2 (adultos), Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) inopinatus, Rhabdochona sp., Contracaecum sp. (juvenis), Gamispatulus schizodontis e uma espécie de Isopoda. Não houve correlação do sexo com a abundância parasitária. Algumas espécies de parasitas demonstraram correlação negativa com peso e comprimento padrão dos hospedeiros e abundância parasitária, com exceção de Leporinus macrocephalus (Rio Grande) que demonstrou correlação positiva entre peso, comprimento padrão e abundância parasitária de R. nyttus e P. prochilodi. Os mesmos hospedeiros apresentaram a maior diversidade de parasitas, enquanto a menor diversidade foi observada em Schizodon nasutus coletados no Rio Mogi Guaçu. As espécies de parasitas mais abundantes foram U. paradoxus e J. leporini, porém não foram dominantes. Dentro das localidades, os hospedeiros diferiram entre si quanto à abundância parasitária, com exceção do Rio Pardo onde não houve diferença significativa entres as espécies de peixes coletadas (p>0,05). Os resultados também mostraram diferença significativa (p<0,05) na abundância parasitaria dos hospedeiros analisados nas diferentes localidades. O PERMDISP mostrou diferença significativa (p<0,05) na dispersão parasitaria entre as localidades, exceto entre Rios Grande e Pardo. Leporinus obtusidens apresentou maior diversidade parasitária que L. friderici. Não foi observada declínio de similaridade com o aumento da distância geográfica, ao contrário, constatou-se que a similaridade aumentou com a distância. / The present study had as objective the taxonomic and ecological study of the parasitic metazoan fish of the Anostomidae Family belonging to the Hydrographic Basins of Grande River and São Francisco River. In total, 411 specimens of fish were collected, of which 360 belonged to the Grande River Basin and 51 from the São Francisco River Basin, respectively, 244 (94.16%) and 45 (88.23%) were parasitized by some species of metazoan. The following parasites have been identified: Rhinoxenus arietinus, Rhinoxenus nyttus, Protorhinoxenus prochilodi, Jainus leporini, Tereancistrum parvus, Urocleidodes paradoxus, Urocleidodes naris and Tereancistrum paranaensis; Clinostomum sp. 1 (metacercariae) and Clinostomum sp. 2 (adults), Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) inopinatus, Rhabdochona sp., Contracaecum sp. (juveniles), Gamispatulus schizodontis and a species of Isopoda. There was no correlation between sex and parasite abundance. Some species of parasites showed negative correlation with host weight and standard length and parasite abundance, except for Leporinus macrocephalus (Grande River), which showed a positive correlation between weight and standard length and parasitic abundance of R. nyttus and P. prochilodi. The same hosts had the highest diversity of parasites, while the lowest diversity was observed in Schizodon nasutus collected in the Mogi Guaçu River. The most abundant species of parasites were U. paradoxus and J. leporini, but they were not dominant. Within the localities, the hosts differed in parasite abundance, with the exception of Rio Pardo, where there was no significant difference among the species of fish collected (p> 0.05). The results also showed a significant difference (p <0.05) in the parasite abundance of the analyzed hosts in the different locations. The PERMDISP showed a significant difference (p <0.05) in the parasite dispersion between the localities, except between Rios Grande and Pardo. Leporinus obtusidens presented higher parasite diversity than L. friderici. No similarity decline was observed with the increase of the geographic distance, on the contrary, it was verified that the similarity increased with the distance. / FAPESP: 2012/24296-3

Orientador: Cláudio de Oliveira / Banca: Lurdes Foresti de Almeida Toldedo / Banca: Orlando Moreira Filho / Banca: Fábio Porto Foresti / Banca: Guaracy Tadeu Rocha / Resumen: La determinación del numero diploide (2n), la fórmula cariotípica y el Número Fundamental (NF) para 68 especies marinas y 26 dulceacuícolas pertenecientes a 39 familias contenidas en 18 ordenes reveló que el número diploide varió entre 2n=24 en Mugil curema (Mugilidae) y 2n=60 para Pygocentrus cariba, Serrasalmus rhombeus (Characidae) y Hoplosternum littorale (Callichthyidae) con una moda de 48 cromosomas representada en 47,3% (43/91) de todas las especies estudiadas. El porcentaje de especies que posee exclusivamente 48 cromosomas acrocéntricos (a) fue de 29,67% (27/91) y el NF varió entre 33/34 en Stephanolepis setifer (Tetraodontiformes) a 110 en Pygocentrus cariba y Serrasalmus rhombeus (Characiformes). En el grupo de peces marinos, el número diploide modal fue 48 y estuvo representado en 66,6% de todas las especies estudiadas, mientras que en los peces dulceacuícolas el complemento diploide modal fue 2n=54 representado en 30% de las especies estudiadas. La mediana del número de cromosomas fue estadísticamente mayor en los peces dulceacuícolas que en los marinos. EI el range medio del NF fue superior en el grupo de peces dulceacuícolas indicando que el grade de variación cariotípica, fue mayor en peces de aguas continentales en contraste con un patrón citogenético más conservado en los peces marinos. La proporción de especies con 48 cromosomas exclusivamente acrocéntricos predominó en el 36,7% de los peces marinos mientras que en los dulceacuícolas apenas alcanzó el 7,7%. Al comparar los Perciformes (linaje compuesto principalmente por peces marinos y uno de los más derivados en la filogenia de los Actinoperygii) contra el resto de los órdenes, se verificó que en aquellos, el 61,54% de las especies analizadas exhibieron cariotipos con 48 cromosomas a. AI graficar el número diploide de cromosomas y el NF contra la ordenación filogenética propuesta... (Resumen completo clicar acceso eletronico abajo) / Abstract: Diploid number (2n), Karyotype formula and the fundamental number (NF) for 94 fish species, 68 marine and 26 freshwater species from 39 families contained in 18 orders revealed that the diploid number ranged between 2n = 24 in Mugil curema (Mugilidae) and 2n=60 for Pygocentrus cariba, Serrasalmus rhombeus (Characidae) and Hoplosternum littorale (Callichthyidae) with a mode of 48 chromosomes represented in 47.3% (43/92) of all studied species. The percentage of species with exclusively 48 acrocentric chromosomes was 29.67% (27/91) and the NF ranged from 33-34 in Stephanolepis setiter (Tetraodontiformes) to 110 in Pygocentrus cariba and Serrasalmus rhombeus (Characiformes). In the marine fish group the mbdal diploid number was 48 and was represented in 66.6% of all studied species, whereas in the freshwater fishes modal diploid complement was 2n=54 represented in 30% of the studied species. The median of the number of chromosomes was statistically higher in freshwater fishes than saltwater fishes. The NF was higher in the group of freshwater fishes indicating that the degree of karyotipic variation was greater in fish of inland waters in contrast with a more conserved cytogenetic pattern in the marine fishes. The proportion of species with 48 exclusively acrocentric chromosomes predominated in 36.7% of the marine fishes while it barely reached 7.7% in freshwater fishes. Comparing the Perciformes (a lineage composed mainly of marine fish and one of the most derived in the Actinoperygii phylogeny of the) against the rest of the orders, it was verified that in Perciformes 61.54% of analyzed species exhibited karyotypes with 48 chromosomes. When diploid number of chromosomes and the NF were plotted against the phylogenetic arrangement proposed by NELSON (2006) for actinopterigian fishes, both plottings revealed an inversely proportional relationship with values close to 60 in most ancestral... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre