Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T13:48:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fabiola Chrystian O Martins.pdf: 4446449 bytes, checksum: 0a2a581f0cb5f1b06db38bac7f66b462 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-02-22 / The physiological ecology responses of periphyton in the high course of the Santa Maria da Vitória (ES) river had been evaluated during one year, in two stations. The determined environmental variables had been: temperature, transparency, euphotic zone, depth, pH, OD, electric conductivity, STD, NO2 -, NO3 -, total-N, PO4 - and total-P. The Periphyton in natural substratum was evaluated through the biomass, chemical composition and structure of the algae community and classified through the autotrophic and Lakatos indexs. The river presented acid to slight acid waters, low electric conductivity and STD. OD, transparency and euphotic zone was raised. The total-N was high, had been compared with the ones of P, resulting in raised ratio NT/PT, evidencing an environment limited for P. The ACP showed distinction between the stations. It had difference of the periphytic biomass between the two stations explained, mainly, for the availability of nutrients. They had been registered 147 taxa of algae. Zygnemaphyceae was the Class most representative, qualitatively, in the station 1 and Cyanophyceae and Euglenophyceae in station 2. Bigger density was attributed to the Bacillariophyceae in the station 1 and Cyanophyceae in station 2. Zygnemaphyceae presented greater biovolume in the station 1 and Bacillariophyceae in station 2. During all the sampling period, in both the stations, the community was classified as heterotrophic and of low biomass. Station 1 presented trend to the trophic degree minor if compared station 2. This difference was the main factor that influenced the biomass and structure of the algae community, that if it showed limited, mainly, for P. / As respostas ecofisiológicas do perifíton no alto curso do rio Santa Maria da Vitória(ES) foram avaliadas durante um ano, em duas estações. As variáveis abióticas determinadas foram: temperatura, transparência, zona eufótica, profundidade, pH, OD, condutividade elétrica, STD, NO2 -, NO3-, N-total, PO4-, P-total. O perifíton em substrato natural foi avaliado através da biomassa, composição química e strutura da comunidade de algas e classificado através dos índices autotrófico e de Lakatos. O rio apresentou águas ácidas a levemente ácidas, baixa condutividade elétrica e STD. OD, transparência e zona eufótica foram elevados. As concentrações de Ntotal também foram altas, comparadas às de P, resultando em elevada razão NT/PT, evidenciando um ambiente limitado por P. A ACP mostrou distinção entre as estações. Houve diferença da biomassa perifítica entre as duas estações explicadas, principalmente, pela disponibilidade de nutrientes. Foram registrados 147 táxons de algas. Zygnemaphyceae foi a Classe mais representativa, qualitativamente, na estação 1 e Cyanophyceae e Euglenophyceae na estação 2. Maior densidade foi atribuída à Bacillariophyceae na estação 1 e Cyanophyceae na estação 2. Zygnemaphyceae apresentou maior biovolume na estação 1 e Bacillariophyceae na estação 2. Durante todo o período amostral, em ambas as estações, a comunidade foi classificada como heterotrófica e de biomassa baixa. A estação 1 apresentou tendência à menor trofia se comparada a estação 2. Essa diferença foi o principal fator que influenciou a biomassa e estrutura da comunidade de algas, que se mostrou limitada, principalmente, por P.

Submitted by RODOLFO JOSÉ TÓFOLI null (rodolfo_tofoli@hotmail.com) on 2017-04-27T16:00:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO VERSAO FINAL.pdf: 1411835 bytes, checksum: 522077674c28c7cf92bf9e1eaf83b999 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luiz Galeffi (luizgaleffi@gmail.com) on 2017-05-03T14:38:01Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 tofoli_rj_me_assis.pdf: 1411835 bytes, checksum: 522077674c28c7cf92bf9e1eaf83b999 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-03T14:38:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tofoli_rj_me_assis.pdf: 1411835 bytes, checksum: 522077674c28c7cf92bf9e1eaf83b999 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-09 / No Brasil, há uma grande biodiversidade de espécies de algas lóticas, Dentre as mais conhecida, encontradas em rios e riachos da região sudeste do estado de São Paulo destaca-se a Oedogonium sp. e a Nitella microcarpa var. wrightii., dois gêneros de algas verdes. Entretanto, estudos de caracterização química de extratos destas algas ainda são inexistentes. Por esse motivo destaca-se a importância deste trabalho, o qual encontra-se subdivido em dois estudos. O primeiro teve por objetivo avaliar e quantificar compostos fenólicos e capacidade antioxidade de extratos de diferentes solventes da alga Oedogonium sp. Utilizou-se um delineamento experimental de mistura para determinar a influência dos solventes e verificou-se qual desses apresentou melhor rendimento na extração desses compostos da alga em pó. O segundo estudo teve por objetivo realizar a caracterização de duas macroalgas verdes: Nitella microcarpa var. wrightii, e Oedogonium sp., através da obtenção de um extrato, com o melhor sistema de solventes obtidos no primeiro estudo. Desta forma, foi possível quantificar quanto a presença de minerais, flavonoides, umidade, carotenoides, compostos fenólicos e capacidade antioxidante. No primeiro estudo, os resultados sugeriram que a mistura acetona-etanol apresentou melhor rendimento de extração tanto para compostos fenólicos como à capacidade antioxidante. No segundo estudo, a alga Oedogonium sp. destacou-se por apresentar uma grande quantidade de carotenoides totais. Já a espécie Nitella microcarpa var. wrightii, obteve altos valores de minerais. / In Brazil, there is a great biodiversity of lotic algae species. Among the most well known species found in rivers and streams in the southeast region of the state of São Paulo is Oedogonium sp. and Nitella microcarpa var. Wrightii., Two genus of green algae. However, studies of chemical characterization of extracts of these algae are still non existent. For this reason the importance of this work is highlighted, which is subdivided in two studies. The first one had the objective to evaluate and quantify phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of extracts of different solvents of the algae Oedogonium sp. An experimental design of the mixture was used to determine the influence of the solvents and it was verified which of them presented better yield in the extraction of these compounds from the powdered seaweed. The second study aimed to characterize two green macroalgae: Nitella microcarpa var. Wrightii, and Oedogonium sp., by obtaining an extract, with the best solvent system obtained in the first study. In this way, it was possible to quantify the presence of minerals, flavonoids, moisture, carotenoids, phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity. In the first study, the results suggested that the acetone-ethanol-water mixture had a better extraction yield for both phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity. In the second study, the alga Oedogonium sp. was characterized by a large amount of total carotenoids. The other alga, of the species Nitella microcarpa var. Wrightii, has achieved high mineral values.

A molecular system was developed and tested to efficiently analyze algal communities in river water samples. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) primers were designed to amplify the 18S rRNA gene of certain taxonomic groups of freshwater algae; there was limited success in specific amplification. Additionally, a primer pair utilizing both the 16S plastid gene and the 16S rRNA gene was tested with success, amplifying both prokaryotic and eukaryotic algae while excluding other taxonomically similar organisms. The terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP) fingerprinting method, which has been used in previous studies to examine prokaryotic community structure, was modified with the successful algae primers to selectively fingerprint all algal groups in two San Joaquin River water samples. Triplicates of two TRFLP profiles have been generated and terminal restriction fragments (TRFs) have been assigned to specific algal species.

No description available.

MESHWR / Department of Hydrology and Water Resources / In South Africa, inland aquaculture is on the increase, especially among the rural communities. Thus aquaculture is able to provide a source of employment and improve rural incomes. This study assessed algae species and their cyanotoxins in small holder production in Vhembe district, Limpopo, South Africa. Thirteen study sites were selected to assess the algae species and their cyanotoxins. The water samples were collected in four quarters and analysed for water temperature, pH, total dissolved solids, Electrical conductivity, phosphates, nitrates, chlorophyll, cyanobacteria, cyanotoxins, metal species and quality of the water in the fish ponds. In the 1st quarter of the year there was variation in Water Temperature (23.7oC-31.4oC), pH (5.5-9.6), EC (3.82-46.8μS/cm), TDS (2.4-45 mg/L), Phosphate (0.0-1.09mgL-1), Nitrates (0.0-1.00mgL-1), Chlorophyll-a (5.8-11.5mg/m-3). In the 2nd quarter there was variation inwater temperature (22.4-25.0oC), pH (6.6-8.8.9), EC (19.23-21.47μS/cm), TDS (12.5-17.9 mg/L), Phosphate (1.64-1.84mgL-1), Nitrates (1.02-1.88mgL-1), Chlorophyll-a (4.6-15.6mg/m-3). In the 3rd quarter there was variation for water temperature (22.9-25.0oC), pH (7.5-9.1), EC (7.91-293.3μS/cm), TDS (11.7-180.9 mg/L), Phosphate (1.10-1.80mgL-1), Nitrates (1.28-1.84mgL-1),Chlorophyll-a (6.8-15.6mg/m-3). In the 4th quarter there was variation forwater temperature (23.5-30.3), pH (7.1-9.3), EC (18.24-623μS/cm), TDS (23.7-136.4 mg/L), Phosphate (1.45-1.99mgL-1), Nitrates (1.43-1.68mgL-1), Chlorophyll-a (6.6-25.9mg/m-3). The metal content of the fish pond water was variable throughout the year but with moderate levels of Al, Cd, Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn and Ba were found. The metal Fe, exceeded the DWAF guideline values during this first quarter. The presence of Cd in the fish pond water could be attributed to rainfall eroding the earthen embankments of the fish pond. The results of physico-chemical parameters promotes the growth of cyanobacteria in the fish ponds. Flow cam and SEM were used to identify the cyanobacteria species and most cyanobacteria identified are hazard to human health, fish and other aquatic organisms. Molecular technologies were used to identify cyanotoxins and there was no cyanotoxins detected which was concluded that during collection of water samples no cyanobacteria produced toxins. / NRF