Construction companies, in particular, abuse the objectives of BEE in order to secure multimillion-rand contracts. Misrepresentations, specifically to the Department of Public Works, are made in various forms and stages during the submission of tender documentation by contractors. The status of BEE company owners is abused in order to secure contracts. Apartheid in South Africa prevented black citizens from entering the corporate world and thereby attaining a quality education. The South African government has, since 1994, adopted the BEE policy in order to redress racial and economic imbalances of the past. Fronting (which is regarded as fraud) is detrimental to the objectives of BEE, which are governed by legislation. Fronting further negatively affects the transformation of the South African economy which could be globally competitive. Fraud detection and its investigation are two concepts which are closely linked to each other and are vitally important to any fraud investi-gator. / Police Practice / M. Tech. (Forensic Investigation)

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the viability and sustainability of preferential procurement in the metals and engineering sector. Preferential procurement is one of the seven elements of Broad–Based–Black Economic Empowerment (BBBEE) and seeks to encourage companies to procure goods and services from black empowered suppliers. The Broad–Based–Black Economic Empowerment Act was legislated in 2004 as an improvement on the previous Black Economic Empowerment (BEE). The objective of these legislations was to increase participation of previously disadvantaged groups in the mainstream economy. BEE was deemed to be narrow because it focused exclusively on ownership and management control. BBBEE was enacted to broaden the number of beneficiaries and included five other elements, namely: Employment Equity, Skills Development, Preferential Procurement, Enterprise Development and Socio–economic Development. The two companies that engage in preferential procurement should benefit from the relationship and value should be created in the process. Companies should not procure from black suppliers for accumulating points on the generic scorecard. Black–owned suppliers should provide service and products of the highest quality standards that meet customer requirements. The questionnaire that reflects on the objectives of this study was drafted and circulated to black–owned suppliers for completion. The suppliers were asked to comment on statements that reflect on capacity, profitability, working relationship and continuity. The results show that the SMMEs have capacity to perform according to specification of customers. The area of concern was the difficulty for SMMEs to maintain the current preferential status. This is a risk that needs urgent attention. This needs further in–depth study and analysis. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the viability and sustainability of preferential procurement in the metals and engineering sector. Preferential procurement is one of the seven elements of Broad–Based–Black Economic Empowerment (BBBEE) and seeks to encourage companies to procure goods and services from black empowered suppliers. The Broad–Based–Black Economic Empowerment Act was legislated in 2004 as an improvement on the previous Black Economic Empowerment (BEE). The objective of these legislations was to increase participation of previously disadvantaged groups in the mainstream economy. BEE was deemed to be narrow because it focused exclusively on ownership and management control. BBBEE was enacted to broaden the number of beneficiaries and included five other elements, namely: Employment Equity, Skills Development, Preferential Procurement, Enterprise Development and Socio–economic Development. The two companies that engage in preferential procurement should benefit from the relationship and value should be created in the process. Companies should not procure from black suppliers for accumulating points on the generic scorecard. Black–owned suppliers should provide service and products of the highest quality standards that meet customer requirements. The questionnaire that reflects on the objectives of this study was drafted and circulated to black–owned suppliers for completion. The suppliers were asked to comment on statements that reflect on capacity, profitability, working relationship and continuity. The results show that the SMMEs have capacity to perform according to specification of customers. The area of concern was the difficulty for SMMEs to maintain the current preferential status. This is a risk that needs urgent attention. This needs further in–depth study and analysis. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

我國保險法令對於市場中分屬不同業務性質之保險經紀人，於監理規範上並無太大之區別。而於實際之財產保險與人身保險之經紀業務中，其間實具有相當大之差異性存在。再就保險之需求者而言，企業型之被保險人與消費型之被保險人，本屬相當不同之市場族群，這也正說明近年關於金融消費者保護法之立法，即係著眼於金融消費者市場保護措施的建立。惟對於企業型之被保險人市場，於保險法相關之規範上，則相應缺少一些差異性之規範設計。 我國保險法令關於直接保險業務與再保險業務並未依國內市場之業務與國際市場之業務而區分，自然造成我國保險經紀人之業務類別僅分為「直接保險經紀業務」及「再保險經紀業務」二分法之現象。而保險經紀人執行此等「前衛業務」時，事實上其所應負責任之對象為該等原始被保險人，而非被再保險人〈即原保險人〉。但相較於國內保險法規上之分類類別，也只能將其視為「再保險」之一類別，此時該等執行此類「前衛業務」之保險經紀人依此法令上之二分法類別設計，將同時具備執行「直接保險經紀業務」及「再保險經紀業務」之情形，雖然於我國法令規範上，經紀人公司得經營保險經紀人業務及再保險經紀業務，但同時也衍生於法規上如何處理利益衝突之問題。但於此等「前衛業務」，保險經紀人事實上所應負責任之對象應僅指該等原始被保險人，而非被再保險人〈即原保險人〉，此時若又將其同視為兼具執行「再保險經紀業務」，則自然發生法令規範與事實關係不符之謬誤。 本文對於保險經紀人同時經營保險經紀業務與再保險經紀業務之問題，於根本上探討保險經紀人於實務作業之具體情形，並分析其法律地位與相關之義務與責任，希望對於保險法相關規範之發展上，能對於不同業務屬性之保險經紀業務行為，發展出一套不同之思路與設計，藉以消彌監理與實務間之鴻溝。並期待法規應引領國內保險公司，能真正專注於實質保險本業之經營，對於大型企業體之財產保險需求，能真正作為承接實質風險之保險人，而非甘於僅處於前衛業務所安排之出單公司，以類似於保險中介人收取服務費用之模式經營。如此，對於被保險人而言，則可相對免除國內出單費用之成本；對於保險經紀人而言，亦可達到為被保險人最大利益考量之執業職責。 基於目前法規對於跨國保險、境外保險及剩餘保險等問題呈現法規缺漏之現象，本文亦延伸探討目前相關法令對於境外保單議題之處理方式。目前之保險法167-1條未將企業等非消費者被保險人購買境外保單之情形排除於外，實無益於維護金融市場秩序、保障消費者權益之立法目的，應予排除。另鑑於境外保單交易多具跨國性質，基於罪刑法定主義之明確性原則，立法者應將「代理、經紀、招攬保險業務」定義清楚，避免嗣後爭議。 本論文以產物保險為主軸，於第二章中介紹保險相關的輔助人，保險係人類創造新文明之過程中損失分擔之機制，這個機制則需要許多人之努力方得以運轉，保險契約之締結，除了契約當事人以外，尚需要有許多相關人士的輔助，才得以使保險機制能更有效的運作，此等保險相關的輔助人各司其職，目的均在使得保險制度之運作更為流暢與正當。第三章及第四章分別論述保險經紀人之市場功能與法律地位、保險經紀人之行為規範與專業責任及義務，以及我國保險法令關於保險經紀人之相關規範。第五章至第七章深入探討保險經紀人處理境外保單之相關問題、P&I制度、國際金融業務境外保險之議題，並檢討現行法制對於保險經紀人處理境外保單之法律問題。並於第八章文末提出修法建議與結論。 本論文以現代經濟社會對保險制度之期待為標的，以保險服務業對整體經濟社會發展所產生之影響及其願景為研究背景，期待藉由保險實務工作者與政府主管機關、法律學界與實務界之共同努力，能使保險實務之運作更趨於完善，並使國內保險事業與國際保險市場之發展密切接軌，形成一套保險從業人員得所依循之「執業典範」，以為日後相關保險從業人員及主管機關得以遵循及評鑑的共同指標，使投保大眾對於保險制度之運作更具有信賴與安全感，給予全體社會一個穩健、安全又合諧的經濟環境。