The purpose of this study has been to specify and estimate a complete demand system for fresh fruits in Canada. The Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS) is used as the functional form to accomplish the purpose of this study. Fresh fruit was assumed to be weakly separable from all other goods at the first stage of the budgeting process and a conditional demand analysis for fresh fruit was carried out at the second stage of the budgeting process, treating total expenditure as an exogenous variable. At the second stage, expenditure on fresh fruit is allocated to five groups: apples, bananas, grapefruit, oranges, and other fresh fruit. The other fresh fruit group includes: apricots, blueberries, cherries, grapes, lemons, pineapples, and strawberries. The second stage allocation was estimated utilising Zellner's iterative SURE procedure with homogeneity and symmetry conditions imposed on the restricted model. Data used in this study were obtained from Statistics Canada and consist of thirty-four observations from 1960--1993. / Results of the likelihood ratio test failed to reject the restricted model at 5% significant level. The R-square and Durbin-Watson test statistics indicated that the fit of the model is satisfactory. This study showed that a system of fresh fruit demand is inelastic to total expenditure, own-price, and cross-price effects. All the expenditure elasticity estimates were positive and significant over the study period, and indicate that apples, grapefruit, and oranges were relatively normal goods, while bananas and other fresh fruit category were relative luxury goods. Apples and oranges, grapefruit and other fruit category, oranges and other fruit category, bananas and other fresh fruit category are substitutes; and apples and other fresh fruit category, oranges and the other fruits category are complements.

'Marion' and 'Thornless Evergreen' blackberry volatiles were analyzed by capillary gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FED) and GC-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Based on total percentage of FID area 'Thornless Evergreen' contains significantly more alcohols, hydrocarbons, and phenols than the 'Marion'; 'Marion' contains more acids and esters. Both cultivars contained comparable amounts of aldehydes and ketones; alcohols were most abundant. The six most abundant volatiles in 'Marion' were ethanol, acetic acid, hexanoic acid, ethyl acetate, linalool, and 2-heptanol; they totaled 52% of total peak area. In 'Thornless Evergreen' the six most abundant volatiles were 2-heptanol, ethanol, 2,3-butanediol, hexanol, α-pinene, and ethyl acetate; they totaled 43% of total peak area. 'Marion' and 'Thornless Evergreen' blackberry aromas were compared using a pair of extraction and gas chromatography-olfactometry-mass spectrometry (GC-O-MS) methods. One method is based on purge-and-trap (P&T, dynamic headspace) extraction and aroma intensity rating by detection frequency (DetF) and a numeric scale, and the other based on solvent assisted flavor extraction (SAFE) and aroma threshold dilution analysis (AEDA). The parallel use of P&T-DetF GC-0 and SAFE-AEDA provided more representative blackberry volatile compositional data than either alone. Eighty-four compounds were identified; seventy-seven were in 'Marion', and sixty-eight in 'Thornless Evergreen'. Thirty-seven have not been previously reported in blackberry. Fourteen volatiles out of eighty-four were described with aroma descriptors specific to bramble fruit (berry, blackberry, bramble, raspberry); no single compound was unanimously described as "characteristically blackberry". Fresh 'Marion' blackberry aroma has been described as floral, fruity, sweet, caramel-fruity, and woody, while fresh 'Thornless Evergreen' aroma is spicy, green, herbaceous, fruity, and sweet. Except for esters, the cultivars contain comparable numbers of acids, alcohols, aldehydes, furanones, hydrocarbons, ketones, phenolics, sulfur, and Theaspirane compounds. Research data implies some portion of the more floral, fruity, and sweet aroma of the 'Marion' blackberry may be the result of additional esters not shared with the 'Thornless Evergreen' blackberry, yet both cultivars apparently contain five furanones, which are powerful sources of sweet, fruity, and spicy aromas. Aroma reconstitution studies will be the key to resolving the significant aroma profile differences between 'Marion' and 'Thornless Evergreen' blackberries, as characteristic blackberry aroma is apparently a complex formulation of volatiles. / Graduation date: 2004

The purpose of this study was to determine the phenolic constituents of Bartlett pears and to evaluate the processed samples for extent of discoloration and to relate the two. Pears were obtained from three orchards in the Medford area and from three orchards at each of the three elevations, 500, 1700, and 2300 feet, in the Hood River area. Four replications were made. Values for the total phenol content of the pears ranged from 54.3 to 120.8 milligrams per 100 grams of fresh pear tissue. The leuco-anthocyanin content of the pears ranged from 6.4 to 21.0 milligrams per 100 grams of pear tissue and the flavanol content ranged from 11.3 to 44.8 milligrams per 100 grams of pear tissue. The pH of the pears ranged from 3.70 to 4.09. Color of the pears processed for twenty-five, thirty-five and forty-five minutes was measured. Those pears with the highest concentration of total phenols, leuco-anthocyanin and flavanols and the lowest pH were the pinkest when overprocessed. Pears which were least pink were among the lowest in total phenols, leuco-anthocyanin and flavanols and had the highest pH values. However, among the remaining fruits, the pinker pears were not necessarily those with the higher total phenolic content or the lower pH values. / Graduation date: 1963

Commercially bottled, vitamin C-fortified, cranberry juice cocktail and cranberry-apple (cranapple) juice drinks were stored at 5°C under simulated home-use conditions. Ascorbic acid (AA) and dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) levels were evaluated over a period of seven days by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Total vitamin C content was also determined by a classical spectrophotometric method. The HPLC data revealed a significant decrease of AA during the storage of both juice drinks resulting in losses of 35% and 27% in the cranberry and cranapple drinks, respectively. The loss of ascorbic acid was offset by the simultaneous increase of DHA (a biologically active vitamin) so that the sum of AA+DHA decreased 13% and 0% in the cranberry and cranapple drinks, respectively. Thus ascorbic acid retention was apparently influenced by the nature of the juice system. The spectrophotometric results indicated no significant loss of total vitamin C activity during the storage of either juice drinks. The observed differences between the spectrophotometric and HPLC results were attributed to interference problems associated with the spectrophotometric method. / Graduation date: 1988

Graduation date: 1994

Graduation date: 1954

Graduation date: 1951

Graduation date: 1953

Graduation date: 1942

Typescript. / Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1973. / Bibliography: leaves [120]-125. / xi, 125 l illus., tables