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Orientador: Regina Marta Evangelista / Banca: Giuseppina Pace Pereira Lima / Banca: Luciana Manoel de Oliveira / Resumo: O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes tratamentos químicos e de embalagens na conservação pós-colheita de carambolas refrigeradas. Foram utilizados frutos inteiros que após os tratamentos foram acondicionados em bandejas de poliestireno expandido, armazenados à temperatura de 10 ± 1°C e umidade relativa de 90 ± 2 % durante 21 dias. As análises foram realizadas com intervalo de 7 dias em relação aos seguintes parâmetros: cor, perda de massa fresca, firmeza, pH, acidez titulável, sólidos solúveis, açúcares redutores, teor de ácido ascórbico, fenóis e atividade respiratória. No primeiro experimento: Os frutos foram submetidos aos seguintes tratamentos: controle (T1), ácido ascórbico 1% (T2), ácido ascórbico 3% (T3), cloreto de cálcio a 1% (T4), cloreto de cálcio a 3% (T5), EDTA de cálcio a 1% (T6), EDTA de cálcio a 3% (T7). A partir dos resultados obtidos no primeiro experimento foi montado o segundo, associando a melhor concentração de cada tratamento com diferentes tipos de filmes plásticos. Os tratamentos foram: controle (sem filme, sem tratamento) (T1), policloreto de vinila (PVC) + ácido ascórbico a 3% (T2), PVC + cloreto de cálcio a 3% (T3), PVC + EDTA de cálcio a 3% (T4), polietileno de baixa densidade (PEBD) de 0,6 μ + ácido ascórbico a 3% (T5), PEBD de 0,6 μ + cloreto de cálcio a 3% (T6), PEBD de 0,6 μ + EDTA de cálcio a 3% (T7). Os diferentes tratamentos químicos na concentração de 3% e o uso de embalagens de PVC (Policloreto de vinila) e PEBD (Polietileno de baixa densidade) 0,6μ propiciaram melhor conservação de frutos de carambola sem interferir nas características de qualidade / Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different chemical treatments and packaging on postharvest storage of refrigerated carambole. Whole fruits after the treatments were placed in polystyrene trays, stored at 10 ± 1 ° C and relative humidity of 90 ± 2% for 21 days. Analyses were performed with an interval of 7 days on the following parameters: color, weight loss, firmness, pH, titratable acidity, soluble solids, reducing sugars, ascorbic acid, phenols and respiratory activity. In the first experiment, fruits were submitted to the following treatments: control (T1), ascorbic acid 1% (T2), ascorbic acid 3% (T3), calcium chloride 1% (T4), calcium chloride 3% (T5), calcium EDTA 1% (T6), and calcium EDTA 3% (T7). From the results obtained in the first experiment was established the second, combining the best concentration of each treatment with different types of plastic films. The treatments were: control (no film, no treatment) (T1), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) + ascorbic acid 3% (T2), PVC + calcium chloride 3% (T3), PVC + calcium EDTA 3% (T4), 0.6 μ low density polyethylene (LDPE) +ascorbic acid 3% (T5), 0.6 μ LDPE + calcium chloride 3% (T6), and 0.6 μ LDPE + calcium EDTA 3% (T7). The different chemical treatments on the concentration of 3% and the use of PVC (polyvinyl chloride) and LDPE (Low density polyethylene) 0.6 μ packaging provided better preservation of carambole fruits without interfering in the quality characteristics / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-08-25Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:13:49Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 borguini_mg_me_botfca.pdf: 481959 bytes, checksum: 9c7a4c83f6f71a1e68569be196219ed0 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes tratamentos químicos e de embalagens na conservação pós-colheita de carambolas refrigeradas. Foram utilizados frutos inteiros que após os tratamentos foram acondicionados em bandejas de poliestireno expandido, armazenados à temperatura de 10 ± 1°C e umidade relativa de 90 ± 2 % durante 21 dias. As análises foram realizadas com intervalo de 7 dias em relação aos seguintes parâmetros: cor, perda de massa fresca, firmeza, pH, acidez titulável, sólidos solúveis, açúcares redutores, teor de ácido ascórbico, fenóis e atividade respiratória. No primeiro experimento: Os frutos foram submetidos aos seguintes tratamentos: controle (T1), ácido ascórbico 1% (T2), ácido ascórbico 3% (T3), cloreto de cálcio a 1% (T4), cloreto de cálcio a 3% (T5), EDTA de cálcio a 1% (T6), EDTA de cálcio a 3% (T7). A partir dos resultados obtidos no primeiro experimento foi montado o segundo, associando a melhor concentração de cada tratamento com diferentes tipos de filmes plásticos. Os tratamentos foram: controle (sem filme, sem tratamento) (T1), policloreto de vinila (PVC) + ácido ascórbico a 3% (T2), PVC + cloreto de cálcio a 3% (T3), PVC + EDTA de cálcio a 3% (T4), polietileno de baixa densidade (PEBD) de 0,6 μ + ácido ascórbico a 3% (T5), PEBD de 0,6 μ + cloreto de cálcio a 3% (T6), PEBD de 0,6 μ + EDTA de cálcio a 3% (T7). Os diferentes tratamentos químicos na concentração de 3% e o uso de embalagens de PVC (Policloreto de vinila) e PEBD (Polietileno de baixa densidade) 0,6μ propiciaram melhor conservação de frutos de carambola sem interferir nas características de qualidade / The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different chemical treatments and packaging on postharvest storage of refrigerated carambole. Whole fruits after the treatments were placed in polystyrene trays, stored at 10 ± 1 ° C and relative humidity of 90 ± 2% for 21 days. Analyses were performed with an interval of 7 days on the following parameters: color, weight loss, firmness, pH, titratable acidity, soluble solids, reducing sugars, ascorbic acid, phenols and respiratory activity. In the first experiment, fruits were submitted to the following treatments: control (T1), ascorbic acid 1% (T2), ascorbic acid 3% (T3), calcium chloride 1% (T4), calcium chloride 3% (T5), calcium EDTA 1% (T6), and calcium EDTA 3% (T7). From the results obtained in the first experiment was established the second, combining the best concentration of each treatment with different types of plastic films. The treatments were: control (no film, no treatment) (T1), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) + ascorbic acid 3% (T2), PVC + calcium chloride 3% (T3), PVC + calcium EDTA 3% (T4), 0.6 μ low density polyethylene (LDPE) +ascorbic acid 3% (T5), 0.6 μ LDPE + calcium chloride 3% (T6), and 0.6 μ LDPE + calcium EDTA 3% (T7). The different chemical treatments on the concentration of 3% and the use of PVC (polyvinyl chloride) and LDPE (Low density polyethylene) 0.6 μ packaging provided better preservation of carambole fruits without interfering in the quality characteristics

Thesis (MSc. Agriculture (Horticulture)) -- University of Limpopo, 2018 / Newly developed mandarin selection ―M37‖ has the potential to become a future export soft citrus cultivar. However, the selection is highly susceptible to chilling injury, which normally reduces post-storage quality and marketability of citrus fruit. Silicon (Si), applied at post-harvest as potassium silicate (K2SiO3), has potential to mitigate against chilling injury. So far, the effect of Si on ―M37‖ mandarin chilling susceptibility is unknown. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate the effect of cold storage temperature and postharvest potassium silicate dips on the chilling susceptibility and physico-chemical properties of new mandarin selection ―M37‖ fruit. The experiment was carried out in a factorial, arranged in a completely randomised design (CRD) with three replicates. Treatment factors were: 2 x cold storage temperature (-0.6±1 and 4.5 ±1°C) and 4 x potassium silicate concentration (0, 50, 100 and 150 mL L-1 K2SiO3). Fruit were dipped in different potassium silicate solutions (0, 50, 100 and 150 mL L-1) for 30 minutes, air dried, waxed; and thereafter, stored for 28 days at -0.6 and 4.5°C with 85-90% relative humidity. After withdrawal from cold storage, fruit were held at ambient temperature (±23°C) for 7 days (shelf-life); during shelf-life fruit were evaluated for chilling injury, physical properties (weight loss and firmness loss) and biochemical properties (electrolyte leakage, total soluble acids (TSS), titratable acids (TA) and TSS: TA ratio). The results showed that fruit were highly susceptible to chilling injury after storage at 0.6°C when compared with 4.5°C. However, treating fruit with postharvest potassium silicate dips improved their chilling susceptibility, especially with 50 and 100 mL L-1 K2SiO3 concentrations. Electrolyte leakage was lower for fruit treated with K2SiO3 compared to the control across all the storage temperatures. Although, ―M37‖ fruit stored at 4.5°C showed higher weight loss, firmness loss, TSS and TSS: TA ratio when compared with -0.6°C storage. Fruit firmness increased with the increase in potassium silicate concentrations during storage at -0.6 and 4.5°C; with the highest firmness loss occurring on fruit treated with 150 mL L-1 than control. Similarly, TSS increased concomitant with K2SiO3 concentration. Although, TA decreased with increasing K2SiO3 concentrations for fruit stored at 4.5°C; resulting in higher TSS: TA ratio. In conclusion, postharvest silicon dips effectively improved the storability of ―M37‖ mandarin fruit, preserved quality and extended the cold storage period. xi Keywords: Biochemical properties; Chilling injury; Firmness loss; Potassium silicate dips; Weight loss / Agricultural Research Council (ARC-LNR) and National Research Fund (NRF)

Orientador: Paulo Ademar Martins Leal / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agricola / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T09:54:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CastilloPizarro_CintyaAlejandra_D.pdf: 538268 bytes, checksum: a0775d761ca852aadb1dc74aa8998449 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: O morango é produzido e apreciado nas mais variadas regiões do mundo, sendo a espécie de maior expressão econômica entre as pequenas frutas. O Estado de São Paulo é um dos seus maiores produtores no Brasil. De todo o ciclo produtivo do morango, a comercialização tem se mostrado a fase mais complexa e problemática, podendo afetar mais o lucro do que todas as outras etapas de produção. Isso ocorre devido às características do produto, como fragilidade, manuseio inadequado, alta perecibilidade e falta de embalagens e de refrigeração adequados. Por possuir elevado valor comercial, principalmente no mercado in natura, a tecnologia do frio para sua melhor conservação pós-colheita, pode ser utilizado para manter as boas características de qualidade do fruto. Este trabalho teve por objetivo geral definir qual a melhor condição pós-colheita para conservação de morangos quanto a embalagem cumbucas de tereftalato de polietileno (PET) ou em meia cumbuca de tereftalato de polietileno, envoltas por filme de policloreto de vinila (PVC), resfriamento rápido e armazenamento refrigerado, visando seu consumo in natura. Realizaram-se dois experimentos, sendo um para monitoramento da taxa respiratória dos pseudofrutos a 0°C, 5°C, 10°C e 15°C em dois sistemas (sistema de fluxo contínuo e sistema estático). Outro experimento foi feito para avaliar a resposta da fruta expressa pelos parâmetros respiração, sólidos solúveis, pH e acidez titulável, quando estes foram submetidos a processos de resfriamento rápido e armazenagem. As variedades avaliadas foram Camarosa, Sweet Charlie, Dover e Oso Grande. Neste experimento utilizou-se câmaras de armazenamento com regulagem de 0 e 10°C, e os frutos foram embalados em cumbucas PET e PVC. As frutas foram analisadas a cada dois dias, até ficarem impróprias para o consumo. Verificou-se que o melhor método para avaliação da taxa respiratória é o método do sistema de fluxo contínuo, por possuir um fluxo constante durante todo o experimento, assim como melhor reprodutibilidade dos tempos de retenção e da quantificação do CO2 dentro dos frascos. A temperatura 0°C, foi a que possibilitou a maior vida de prateleira dos frutos. Não se observou diferença entre as embalagens PET e PVC no armazenamento a 0°C e a 10°C. Das variedades avaliadas a Sweet Charlie é a que se mostrou mais indicada para consumo in natura, devido suas características fisico-químicas. Enquanto a variedade Camarosa a mais indicada para indústria. / Abstract: The strawberry is cultivated and appreciated in several regions around the world, being the specie with the most economical value among the small fruits. The São Paulo state is one of the biggest producers in Brazil. From all productive cycle of strawberry the commercialization has shown the most complex and problematic phase, and it can affect more the profit than all the others. This happens due to the product characteristics, such as fragility, improper handling, high perishable, inadequate packaging, and use of cold chain. Since strawberry has high commercial value, mainly on in natura maket, the cold chain technology may be used to keep the good characteristics of fruit quality. The objectives were to define which are the best conditions postharvest for the strawberry fruits in terms of packing PET or PVC, precooling and refrigerated storage aiming the consumption in natura. Two experiments were realized, being one to monitoring and evaluating the respiratory rate of the fruits at the temperatures of 0, 5, 10 and 15°C in two different systems: continuous flow system, and static flow system, in BOD's. The other experiment was to evaluate the answer of biochemical parameters (respiration rate, soluble solids, pH and titratable acidity) submitted to the precooling and refrigerated processes using the Camarosa, Sweet Charlie, Dover, and Oso Grande varieties. For this experiment was used chambers at 0 and 10oC, and the fruits had been packed in packs of tereftalate of polyethylene (PET) clam shell type, and packs of tereftalate of polyethylene (PET) wrap with PVC film. Physical-chemical analyses were carried every two days until the fruits got improper for consumption. The experiment show that the optimum method for evaluation respiratory rate is the one using the continuous flow system since presented a constant flow during all the experiments, and allows better accuracy for the retention time and CO2 quantification inside of the bottles. The temperature of 0°C was the one that shows longest fruits shelf life time. There were not differences between packs of tereftalate of polyethylene (PET) clam shell type and packs of tereftalate of polyethylene (PET) wrap with PVC film storaged at 0 and 10°C. Among the varieties, the Sweet Charlie was the most indicated for in natura consumption, due to its physical-chemical characteristics. Meanwhile the variety Camarosa was the most appropriate for industry use. / Doutorado / Tecnologia Pós-Colheita / Doutor em Engenharia Agrícola