A worldwide awareness of the environment is accelerating fuel cell vehicle development. With respect to power electronics, special requirement is on the development of high efficiency, high voltage ratio bi-directional DC/DC converter for fuel cell energy system management. In this paper, two bi-directional DC/DC converters, which are developed for Ford Motor Company’s fuel cell vehicle, are compared from different aspects. Comparison is concentrated on the circuit topology and EMI performance. Emphasis is placed on soft-switch, hard-switch, synchronized rectification, auxiliary start-up winding and their effect on EMI performance in this kind of isolated bi-directional converter. Comparison includes circuits analysis and test result. The EMI test setup is described. EMI measurements are given and explained. EMI solutions for bi-directional DC/DC converter are discussed. An EMI filter is designed and final test result is given. / Master of Science

Tato práce se zabývá návrhem výkonového měniče určeného pro použití ve fotovoltaických systémech. Klíčovým je použití programovatelného hradlového pole (FPGA) pro realizaci řídicích funkcí. Do detailu jsou diskutovány aspekty návrhu spínaných měničů a na základě takto získaných poznatků je zkonstruován funkční vzorek měniče.

This thesis focuses on the design issues of the multiple-output boost full-bridge converter, which is constructed by cascading the boost regulator with the inductor-less full-bridge converter. The design of the boost regulator has been proposed briefly with component selection and compensator design. After that, the inductor-less full-bridge converter is analyzed extensively. In the first place, the operation principle of the inductor-less full-bridge converter is introduced. Later, the effect of parasitic resistance and inductance is analyzed in an L-R series circuit model as step-response, which relates the drop of output voltage to the load current. Then, the effects of the dc blocking capacitor for the unbalanced load condition and unbalanced duty cycle are tackled. The theoretical results are compared with the experimental results and the simulation results to verify the relationship between the output voltage drop and load current. The overall efficiency of the converter is tested under various conditions. The design of the planar transformer is critical to limit the profile of the converter and the leakage phenomenon. A planar transformer fit for the inductor-less full-bridge converter is designed and analyzed in 3D FEA software. An N-port transformer model is proposed to implement the inductance matrix into the leakage inductance matrix for circuit analysis. Based on this N-port model several measurements to extract the parameters in this model are proposed, where only the impedance analyzer is needed. Finally, the effects of trace layout and encapsulation on breakdown voltage in PCB are summarized from experimental results. / Master of Science

The battery charger plays an important role in the development of electric vehicles (EVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs).This thesis focuses on the DC-DC converter for high voltage battery charger and is divided into four chapters. The background related to EV battery charger is introduced, and the topologies of isolated DC-DC converter possibly applied in battery charge are sketched in Chapter 1. Since the EV battery charger is high voltage high power, the phase-shifted full bridge and LLC converters, which are popularly used in high power applications, are discussed in detail in Chapter 2. They are generally considered as high efficiency, high power density and high reliability, but their prominent features are also limited in certain range of operation. To make full use of the advantages and to avoid the limitation of the phase-shifted full bridge and LLC converters, a novel hybrid resonant and PWM converter combining resonant LLC half-bridge and phase shifted full-bridge topology is proposed and is described in Chapter 3. The converter achieves high efficiency and true soft switching for the entire operation range, which is very important for high voltage EV battery charger application. A 3.4 kW hardware prototype has been designed, implemented and tested to verify that the proposed hybrid converter truly avoids the disadvantages of LLC and phase-shifted full bridge converters while maintaining their advantages. In this proposed hybrid converter, the utilization efficiency of the auxiliary transformer is not that ideal. When the duty cycle is large, LLC converter charges one of the capacitors but the energy stored in the capacitor has no chance to be transferred to the output, resulting in the low utilization efficiency of the auxiliary transformer. To utilize the auxiliary transformer fully while keeping all the prominent features of the previous hybrid converter in Chapter 3, an improved hybrid resonant and PWM converter is proposed in Chapter 4. The idea has been verified with simulations. The last chapter is the conclusion which summaries the key features and findings of the two proposed hybrid converters. / Master of Science

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This Master s Dissertation is proposes the development of a charge management system of a bank of 16 lead-acid batteries with 7Ah load capacity, commonly used in Uninterruptible Power Supplies (UPS). This system aims to ensure that these batteries reach a full charge status faster than the conventional way. To this, it was chosen to make the modification of the pulsed current charging method, in order to reduce problems, such as elevation of bus voltage to return the energy to it, or dissipation of that energy in a resistance, resulting in lower system efficiency, inherent in the method taken as a basis when the battery power withdrawal interval occurs. For the development of the suggested charging system the static converter Full-Bridge Isolated with modulation Phase Shift was chosen. To implement the digital control as well as its practical development in the same laboratory the simplified modeling of this converter was made. The results of simulation and experimental to validate the method are presented. / Esta dissertação de mestrado tem como proposta o desenvolvimento de um sistema de gerenciamento de carga de um banco de 16 baterias de chumbo ácido, com capacidade de carga de 7Ah, comumente utilizado em Fontes Ininterruptas de Energia (UPS). Este sistema visa garantir que estas baterias cheguem a um estado de carga completo e de forma mais rápida que a convencional. Para isto, foi escolhido fazer a modificação do método de carga de corrente pulsada, com o objetivo de reduzir problemas inerentes do método tomado como base, quando ocorre o intervalo de retirada de energia da bateria, tais como: elevação da tensão do barramento ao retornar a energia para ele, ou, dissipar esta energia em uma resistência, o que acarreta em baixa eficiência do sistema. Para o desenvolvimento do sistema de carga sugerido foi escolhido o conversor estático Full-Bridge Isolado com modulação Phase Shift. Foi feita a modelagem simplificada deste conversor, para a implementação do controle digital, assim como o desenvolvimento prático do mesmo em laboratório. São apresentados os resultados de simulação e experimentais para validar o método.

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Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-03-13T15:20:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 salatieldecastrolobato.pdf: 51678452 bytes, checksum: 022776c88833a1e47901180ebd1f826b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-03-13T19:33:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 salatieldecastrolobato.pdf: 51678452 bytes, checksum: 022776c88833a1e47901180ebd1f826b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-13T19:33:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 salatieldecastrolobato.pdf: 51678452 bytes, checksum: 022776c88833a1e47901180ebd1f826b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-11-07 / O objetivo geral desta dissertação é o aperfeiçoamento do projeto de uma nova fonte de corrente em desenvolvimento para o acelerador de partículas Sirius. A corrente da fonte é aplicada em magnetos de elevada indutância e são programadas para apresentar forma de onda com significativa componente senoidal em corrente contínua e em baixa frequência, de acordo com as características operacionais necessárias do Sirius. Para efeitos de estudo, a metodologia empregada consiste essencialmente em desacoplar a análise e o projeto do controle em um estágio regulador de tensão seguido de um estágio de síntese da corrente. Foram realizados ensaios em uma fonte em construção no Laboratório Nacional de Luz Síncroton e em um protótipo desenvolvido na UFJF. As principais contribuições descritas nesta dissertação são: i) atenuação da propagação de distúrbios de baixa frequência para a rede elétrica; ii) emprego de retificador de tensão controlado para regulação da tensão do barramento CC, melhoria do fator de potência e redução de componentes harmônicas. Os resultados experimentais evidenciam que as alterações de projeto propostas nesta dissertação apresentam grande potencial para melhorar o desempenho da fonte de corrente em termos da qualidade de energia elétrica e da sintetização de corrente senoidal no magneto do acelerador de partículas. / This work consists in the evaluation and improvement of a current source for a particle accelerator. The output current presents a DC sinusoidal waveform in low frequecy which flows through the windings of high inductance electromagnets. The methodology consists in separating the analysis and project of the control into two parts: a voltage regulator stage,followedbyacurrentsynthesisstage. Testswereperformedonacurrentsourceunder construction at the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS) and on a prototype developed at UFJF. The work main contributions are: i) Attenuation of the low frequency disturbances on the electrical grid; ii) Use of a controlled rectifier to regulate the voltage of the DC bus, improvement in power factor and reduction of harmonic components. The experimental results show that the proposed changes have potential in improving the performace of the current source in terms of its electric power quality and synthesis of sinusoidal current in the particule accelerator.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This Master Thesis presents the development of a new dynamic model for the DC-DC Zero-Voltage-Switching Phase-Shift-Modulated Full-Bridge (ZVS-PSM-FB).At first, the ZVSPSM-FB converter is analyzed and the Steady-State equations are derived. Then, using the ac equivalent circuit modeling technique, it is derived two new ZVS-PSM-FB dynamical models, based on step operation of the converter and steady-state converter equations. These two new ZVS-PSM-FB dynamical models with two dynamical models previously presented in the literature are used to perform a frequency response and a transfer-function DC-gain comparison to verify the performance of the dynamical models. Comparison results shows that our second model here derived presents a better performance among other models, keeping the desirable characteristics as simple polynomial ratio transfer-functions, excellent theoretical accuracy of transfer-functions DC-gains, transfer-functions coefficients independency of circuit parasitics components, excepting the primary leakage inductance. Even in this work, it is shown frequency response experimental results of the ZVS-PSM-FB converter, designed following telecommunications rectifiers power supplies standards. / Esta Dissertação de Mestrado apresenta o desenvolvimento de um novo modelo dinâmico para o conversor CC-CC Ponte-Completa Modulado por Deslocamento de Fase e com Comutação em Zero de Tensão (ZVS-PSM-FB). Inicialmente, o conversor ZVS-PSM-FB é analisado, onde são derivadas as equações que definem a operação em regime-permanente do conversor. A seguir, utilizando-se da técnica de modelagem ca média de conversores estáticos, deriva-se dois novos modelos dinâmicos para o conversor, tendo por base as etapas de operação do conversor e as equações de regime-permanente. Feito isso, os dois modelos aqui derivados, são comparados com outros dois modelos dinâmicos já apresentados na literatura para verificar seus desempenhos quanto à resposta em freqüência e resposta do ganho-cc das funções de transferências à variações de carga do conversor, dos modelos dinâmicos. Resultados desta comparação mostram que o segundo modelo aqui derivado é o que apresenta melhor desempenho entre os modelos comparados, mantendo características desejáveis de simples formato de função de transferência como razão de polinômios, precisão teórica excelente para resposta de ganho-cc das funções de transferências e não-dependência dos coeficientes das funções de transferências de parâmetros parasitas do circuito, a menos da indutância de dispersão do transformador. Ainda neste trabalho, são mostrados resultados experimentais da resposta em freqüência do conversor ZVS-PSM-FB, projetado com especificações de normas para retificadores chaveados de alta-freqüência para equipamentos de telecomunicações.

The master’s thesis is focused on the creation of models of DC/DC converters and control program for input parameters and their configuration. The first part is theoretical and she is dedicated to the description of the program Matlab. The second chapter is dedicated to DC/DC converters. Their function is described there and the necessary equations for the design are derived. All of this is complemented by the calculation of line losses in semiconductor elements and the design of voltage and current regulator. The last two parts deal with the description of the created models in Simulink and control program in a graphical environment. The created program is able to edit and recalculate parameters of the converters, calculate line losses on semiconductor components, perform a model simulation or open it.