Submitted by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2014-12-17T13:10:33Z No. of bitstreams: 2 dirceu_de_souza_melo.pdf: 1243588 bytes, checksum: e609b2371fe339ca91cc379149b3beca (MD5) license_rdf: 22974 bytes, checksum: 99c771d9f0b9c46790009b9874d49253 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2014-12-17T13:13:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 dirceu_de_souza_melo.pdf: 1243588 bytes, checksum: e609b2371fe339ca91cc379149b3beca (MD5) license_rdf: 22974 bytes, checksum: 99c771d9f0b9c46790009b9874d49253 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2014-12-17T13:13:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 dirceu_de_souza_melo.pdf: 1243588 bytes, checksum: e609b2371fe339ca91cc379149b3beca (MD5) license_rdf: 22974 bytes, checksum: 99c771d9f0b9c46790009b9874d49253 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2014-12-17T13:14:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 dirceu_de_souza_melo.pdf: 1243588 bytes, checksum: e609b2371fe339ca91cc379149b3beca (MD5) license_rdf: 22974 bytes, checksum: 99c771d9f0b9c46790009b9874d49253 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T13:14:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 dirceu_de_souza_melo.pdf: 1243588 bytes, checksum: e609b2371fe339ca91cc379149b3beca (MD5) license_rdf: 22974 bytes, checksum: 99c771d9f0b9c46790009b9874d49253 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Evid?ncias recentes sugerem que a restri??o cal?rica intensa (RCI) (>40%) exerce efeitos ben?ficos sobre o cora??o de ratos. No entanto, a maioria destes estudos avaliaram os efeitos da RCI em cora??es de ratos que iniciaram esta restri??o j? na idade adulta. Neste trabalho, investigamos as conseq??ncias de uma restri??o cal?rica de 50% desde o nascimento sobre a fun??o e morfologia card?aca de ratos adultos e avaliamos os poss?veis mecanismos envolvidos nestas adapta??es. Desde o nascimento at? a idade de 90 dias ratos RC50 tiveram sua alimenta??o restrita a 50% do consumo do grupo ad libitum (AL). Durante o per?odo de 90 dias os animais tiveram sua ingest?o alimentar, peso corporal e press?o arterial monitorados. Ap?s este per?odo, foi realizado um teste de capacidade aer?bica m?xima para avaliar indiretamente a fun??o cardiovascular global. Quarenta e oito horas ap?s este teste os animais foram eutanasiados, o sangue foi coletado para an?lise do hemat?crito, bioqu?mica s?rica e estresse oxidativo e o m?sculo s?leo retirado para an?lise do estresse oxidativo. A t?bia foi retirada para aferi??o do comprimento e f?gado, ba?o, supra-renais, test?culos e gordura viceral removidos para aferi??o do peso. O cora??o foi retirado e o ?ndice de desenvolvimento de tens?o m?xima (+dT/dt) e m?nima (-dT/dt) do mioc?rdio foram analisados pela prepara??o de cora??o isolado. Tamb?m foi realizada an?lise do estresse oxidativo card?aco e o di?metro, n?mero e densidade de cardiomi?citos, assim como os n?veis de fibrose card?aca foram obtidos atrav?s da an?lise histol?gica. Mi?citos ventriculares foram isolados para avalia??o do transiente de Ca2+ em microscopia confocal e os n?veis de fosforila??o da Akt e express?o da SERCA2 foram avaliados pela t?cnica de Western blot. Comparado ao grupo AL, os animais RC50 apresentaram menor peso corporal e de ?rg?os, menor comprimento da t?bia, menor glicemia, maior colesterol HDL, menor press?o arterial, menor estresse oxidativo card?aco, maior desempenho aer?bio e da fun??o card?aca, como mostrado pelo aumento ?dT/dt. Apesar do menor di?metro dos cardiomi?citos, ratos RC50 apresentaram aumento na rela??o cora??o/peso corporal, aumento do n?mero e densidade dos cardiomi?citos, e n?veis semelhantes de fibrose card?aca em compara??o aos animais AL. Os n?veis de fosforila??o da Akt foram superiores nos cardiomi?citos dos animais RC50 e n?o houve diferen?as significativas no transiente de Ca2+ e na express?o de SERCA2 entre os cardiomi?citos dos animais RC50 e AL. Em conjunto, estas observa??es revelaram efeitos positivos de uma RCI de 50% desde o nascimento sobre a fun??o, estrutura card?aca e vias de sinaliza??o da sobreviv?ncia de cardiomi?citos em ratos adultos. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa Multic?ntrico de P?s-gradua??o em Ci?ncias Fisiol?gicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2013. / ABSTRACT There has been growing evidence suggesting that a severe caloric restriction (SCR) (above 40%) leads to beneficial effects on heart rats. However, most of the reports are focused on the effects of SCR on hearts of rats which started this restriction at adulthood. In this work, we investigated the consequences of a 50% caloric restriction since birth on cardiac morphology and function in adult rats and evaluated the possible mechanisms involved in these adaptations. From birth up to the age of 90 days CR50 rats were fed restricted at 50% of the Ad Libitum group (AL). During the period of 90 days the animals had their food intake, body weight and blood pressure monitored. After this period, a maximal aerobic test was performed in order to indirectly evaluate the global cardiovascular function. Forty-eight hours after this test the animals were euthanized the blood collected for analysis of hematocrit, serum biochemistry and oxidative stress and soleus muscle collected for oxidative stress analysis. The tibia was removed for measurement of length and liver, spleen, adrenals, testes and visceral fat were removed for measurement of weight. The heart was removed and the index of velocity of myocardial contraction (+dT/dt) and relaxation (-dT/dt) was analyzed by isolated heart preparation. We also carried out analysis of cardiac oxidative stress and cardiomyocyte diameter, number, density and myocardium collagen content were obtained through histological analysis. Ventricular myocytes were isolated by standard methods in order to evaluate phosphorylated AKT levels and the expression of SERCA2a was assessed by Western blot. Compared to AL, CR50 animals had lower body and organs weight, lower tibia length, lower blood glucose, higher HDL cholesterol, lower blood pressure, lower oxidative stress in the heart and blood, increased aerobic performance and cardiac function, as shown by increased ? dT/dt. Despite the smaller cardiomyocyte diameter, CR50 rats presented increased heart/body weight ratio, increased cardiomyocyte density and number, and similar levels of myocardium collagen content compared to AL rats. AKT was hyperphosphorylated in cardiomyocytes from CR50 rats and no significant differences in Ca2+ transient and SERCA2 levels were found between cardiomyocytes of CR50 and AL rats. Collectively, these observations revealed beneficial effects of a 50% caloric restriction from birth on cadiac function, structure and signaling pathways for survival of adult rat cardimyocytes.

Submitted by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2016-01-04T13:53:16Z No. of bitstreams: 2 lidiane_guedes_oliveira.pdf: 705674 bytes, checksum: 7f2a8cdcec73417a5a58f7784fffca1d (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2016-01-04T13:53:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 lidiane_guedes_oliveira.pdf: 705674 bytes, checksum: 7f2a8cdcec73417a5a58f7784fffca1d (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-04T13:53:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 lidiane_guedes_oliveira.pdf: 705674 bytes, checksum: 7f2a8cdcec73417a5a58f7784fffca1d (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (Capes) / Evid?ncias cient?ficas cumulativas sugerem que os ?cidos graxos monoinsaturados (MUFAs) diet?ticos reduzem fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de desordens metab?licas, as quais causam muitas doen?as cr?nicas n?o transmiss?veis (DCNT), tais como o diabetes n?o insulinodependente e as cardiovasculares. O ?leo de pequi (Caryocar brasiliense) apresenta em sua composi??o predom?nio de ?cidos graxos monoinsaturados e carotenoides antioxidantes, os quais t?m sido tamb?m relacionados ? redu??o do risco para DCNT. Entretanto, ainda s?o escassos na literatura estudos que avaliem efeitos fisiol?gicos do ?leo de pequi dentro da perspectiva de alimento funcional, ou seja, associado ? dieta usual e h?bitos saud?veis de vida, dentre os quais se destaca o exerc?cio f?sico regular. Diante desse contexto, o objetivo deste estudo foi pesquisar a influ?ncia da ingest?o do ?leo de pequi associada ao exerc?cio f?sico aer?bio regular (EFAR), sobre vari?veis relacionadas ao crescimento, ao metabolismo e par?metros cardiovasculares de ratos, desde est?gios iniciais de vida (p?s-desmame) at? o in?cio da vida adulta (20 semanas de vida). O protocolo experimental consistiu de quatro grupos (n=8) de ratos Wistar machos: CS - animais que receberam ra??o; CT - receberam ra??o e EFAR; OS - receberam ra??o suplementada com ?leo de pequi (2,25/100g = +50% do conte?do lip?dico da ra??o) e OT - receberam ra??o suplementada com ?leo de pequi e EFAR. O EFAR foi realizado em piscina, em intensidades e cargas progressivas, e a dieta fornecida ad libitum durante 15 semanas. A ingest?o alimentar e o peso corporal foram monitorados durante o per?odo experimental para os c?lculos da ingest?o alimentar e cal?rica, do ganho de peso, do coeficiente de efici?ncia alimentar (CEA%) e do ?ndice de massa corporal (IMC). A press?o arterial sist?lica (PAS) e a frequ?ncia card?aca (FC) foram aferidas no in?cio e na ?ltima semana do experimento. No ?ltimo dia, os animais foram eutanasiados, as cavidades abdominais e tor?cicas foram abertas para coleta de amostras. Os cora??es foram retirados e o ?ndice de contratilidade (+dP/dt) e relaxamento (-dP/dt) card?aco foram analisados pela t?cnica de cora??o isolado. Foram determinados: (a) o comprimento da t?bia esquerda; (b) os pesos absolutos e relativos do f?gado, p?ncreas e cora??o e de toda a gordura das regi?es epididimal e retroperitoneal; (c) as concentra??es plasm?ticas de colesterol (COL), lipoprote?na de alta densidade (HDL), triglicer?deos (TG), glicose, insulina, o ?ndice HOMA e a raz?o COL/HDL; (d) as concentra??es hep?ticas de COL e TG. Observou-se que a associa??o do ?leo de pequi ao EFAR n?o influenciou de maneira significativa par?metros relacionados ao crescimento (ingest?o alimentar e cal?rica, peso corporal, CEA, peso de ?rg?os, comprimento da t?bia), a PAS e FC, a glicemia e a raz?o COL/HDL. No entanto, foi essencial para evitar o ac?mulo de gordura na regi?o visceral, a eleva??o nos n?veis de insulina plasm?tica e no ?ndice HOMA-IR provocados pela ingest?o isolada do ?leo de pequi. Por outro lado, a associa??o da ingest?o do ?leo de pequi ao EFAR melhorou a capacidade de contra??o e relaxamento card?acos. Assim, podemos inferir que a ingest?o do ?leo de pequi, quando associada ? pr?tica regular de exerc?cios aer?bios, pode favorecer, sobretudo, a fun??o card?aca sem exercer efeitos delet?rios no crescimento e em vari?veis relacionadas ao metabolismo lip?dico e glic?dico. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa Multic?ntrico de P?s-gradua??o em Ci?ncias Fisiol?gicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2014. / ABSTRACT Cumulative evidence suggests that dietary monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) reduce risk factors for metabolic disorders, which lead to many chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs), such as cardiovascular and non-insulin-dependent diabetes. Pequi oil (Caryocar brasiliense) is high in monounsaturated fatty acids and antioxidant carotenoids, which have also been associated to reduced risk for NCDs. However, there is lacking of studies evaluating pequi oil physiological effects from the perspective of being a functional food, which means, associated to a usual diet and a healthy lifestyle, being the regular physical exercise a part of it. In this context, the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of pequi oil intake, associated to regular aerobic physical exercise (RAPE) on variables related to growth, metabolism and on cardiovascular parameters of rats, from early stages of life (post weaning) to early adulthood (20 weeks old). The experimental protocol consisted of four groups (n = 8) of male Wistar rats: CS - animals fed chow; CT - received chow and RAPE; OS - received chow added pequi oil (2.25 / 100g =+50% of the chow lipid content) and OT - received chow added pequi oil and RAPE. The RAPE was held in a pool at intensities and progressive loading, and the diets were fed ad libitum for 15 weeks. Food intake and body weight were monitored throughout the experimental period to determine food and caloric intake, weight gain, feed efficiency ratio (FER%) and body mass index (BMI). Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and heart rate (HR) were measured at baseline and in the last week of the experiment. On the last day, animals were euthanized and the abdominal and thoracic cavities were opened for sampling. Hearts were removed and the contractility (+dP/dt) and relaxation (-dP/dt) indexes were analyzed by the isolated heart technique. It were determined: (a) The left tibia length (b) the relative liver, pancreas and hearts weights and the retroperitoneal and epididimal fat pad weights; (c) plasma concentrations of cholesterol (COL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides (TG), glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR index and COL/HDL ratio; (d) hepatic TG and COL levels. The association of pequi oil intake to RAPE did not influence significantly growth (food and caloric intake, body weight, FER%, organ weights, tibia length), SBP and HR, blood glucose and COL/HDL ratio. However, it prevented fat accumulation in the visceral region and plasma insulin and HOMA-IR increases caused by the pequi oil intake solely. Moreover, the pequi oil intake associated to RAPE improved the heart contraction and relaxation ability. Thus, we can infer that pequi oil intake, when associated to RAPE can improve mainly cardiac function without exerting deleterious effects on growth and on glucose and lipid metabolism.

Submitted by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2016-01-04T16:31:23Z No. of bitstreams: 2 nayara_rayane_cesar.pdf: 2602002 bytes, checksum: c844463923756f76132f0190a6617bd5 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2016-01-04T16:31:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 nayara_rayane_cesar.pdf: 2602002 bytes, checksum: c844463923756f76132f0190a6617bd5 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-04T16:31:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 nayara_rayane_cesar.pdf: 2602002 bytes, checksum: c844463923756f76132f0190a6617bd5 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (Capes) / O padr?o diet?tico ocidental, caracterizado pelo alto consumo de gordura saturada e carboidratos refinados, favorece o ac?mulo de tecido adiposo e o surgimento de v?rias doen?as cardiometab?licas (DCM). Atualmente, tem-se considerado que n?o apenas a quantidade, mas o perfil das gorduras ingeridas pode exercer forte influ?ncia sobre o desenvolvimento dessas doen?as. Nesse contexto, v?rios estudos t?m demonstrado que o consumo de alimentos fontes de ?cidos graxos monoinsaturados (MUFA) est? associado a um menor risco para o desenvolvimento de DCM. Al?m disso, t?m sido tamb?m identificados muitos compostos bioativos presentes nos alimentos vegetais, os quais t?m sido associados a efeitos ben?ficos na redu??o do risco e, ou, no tratamento de DCM. Dentre esses compostos est?o os carotenoides, que apresentam atividade antioxidante. Nessa perspectiva, o ?leo do pequi apresenta-se como um potencial alimento funcional, dado que os MUFA representam aproximadamente 60% dos seus ?cidos graxos, e possui ainda um teor elevado de carotenoides totais. Considerando que o padr?o de consumo alimentar ocidental favorece o desenvolvimento das DCM, e que o ?leo do pequi ? um potencial alimento protetor, mas ainda n?o foi explorado nesse contexto, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da substitui??o parcial da banha de porco (rica em ?cidos graxos saturados - SFA) por ?leo de Caryocar brasiliense ? pequi (rico em MUFA e carotenoides) em uma dieta de padr?o ocidental, sobre o metabolismo, a fun??o card?aca e o estado redox celular de ratos. Ap?s uma semana de adapta??o, os animais rec?m-desmamados foram distribu?dos em tr?s grupos (n=12) e tratados durante 12 semanas. Os grupos foram identificados conforme a dieta que receberam: CTRL ? controle, dieta AIN93G; HFS ? dieta alta em gordura e sacarose; HFS-OP ? dieta alta em gordura e sacarose, com substitui??o parcial da banha de porco por ?leo de pequi (27%). O peso corporal e a ingest?o alimentar foram monitorados durante todo o per?odo experimental; a press?o arterial sist?lica (PAS) e a frequ?ncia card?aca (FC) foram aferidas na 3? e 10? semanas; as fezes das ?ltimas 72 horas foram coletadas para avalia??o das concentra??es de colesterol e triglicer?deos (TG) e, ao final do experimento, os animais foram eutanasiados por decapita??o. As cavidades abdominais e tor?cicas foram abertas para coleta de amostras: (A) cora??es: foram retirados imediatamente para avalia??o da fun??o card?aca ex vivo; posteriormente foram avaliados os n?veis de peroxida??o lip?dica e capacidade antioxidante total; (B): tecido adiposo das regi?es epididimal e retroperitoneal, que foi pesado e posteriormente utilizado para avalia??es da adiposidade e histol?gicas; (C) soro: para determina??o das concentra??es de glicose, colesterol e TG; (D) plasma: para determina??o das concentra??es de insulina, leptina e adiponectina, peroxida??o lip?dica e capacidade antioxidante total; (E) f?gados: para avalia??o das concentra??es de colesterol e TG, an?lises histopatol?gicas e peroxida??o lip?dica, capacidade antioxidante total e atividade enzim?tica (super?xido dismutase, catalase e glutationa peroxidase). Observou-se que os pesos corporais dos animais HFS-OP e HFS foram mais elevados que CTRL (p<0,05), no entanto, a deposi??o de gordura na regi?o visceral em resposta ao consumo das dietas ocidentais foi atenuada pela substitui??o da banha de porco por ?leo de pequi (p<0,05). A menor sobrecarga reduziu a deposi??o de TG no tecido hep?tico o que pode estar associado ao retardo do desenvolvimento do diabetes. De um modo geral, a fun??o card?aca foi prejudicada pelas dietas ocidentais em compara??o ao CTRL. Nas avalia??es in vivo n?o foram observados efeitos diferenciais da substitui??o parcial da banha de porco por ?leo de pequi, contudo, quando a fun??o card?aca foi avaliada ex vivo, a ingest?o do ?leo atenuou os danos ? fun??o card?aca (p<0,05), sugerindo que, ainda que modestamente, o ?leo do pequi exerceu um efeito protetor sobre as estruturas card?acas intr?nsecas. Al?m disso, foi observada uma atenua??o da peroxida??o lip?dica no tecido hep?tico para HFS-OP em rela??o ? HFS (p<0,05), sugerindo que o ?leo do pequi pode ter favorecido a incorpora??o dos MUFA e de carotenoides nas membranas dos cardiomi?citos, o que exerceu um efeito protetor. Devido ao papel prim?rio do f?gado no controle metab?lico de todo o organismo, esse efeito de prote??o contra a peroxida??o lip?dica n?o p?de ser observado nos hepat?citos. Contudo, a presen?a dos carotenoides na dieta HFS-OP fortaleceu o sistema antioxidante ex?geno, evitando que a atividade das enzimas super?xido dismutase e glutationa peroxidase fosse prejudicada em HFS-OP como observado para HFS (p<0,05). Essas adapta??es sugerem que a substitui??o parcial da banha de porco por ?leo de pequi foi capaz de atenuar alguns efeitos delet?rios da dieta ocidental sobre o metabolismo lip?dico, a fun??o card?aca e o estado redox celular de ratos. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa Multic?ntrico de P?s-gradua??o em Ci?ncias Fisiol?gicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2015. / ABSTRACT The Western diet pattern, which means a high saturated fat and refined carbohydrates intake, leads to body fat accumulation and several cardiometabolic diseases (CMD). Currently, it has been considered that, not only the amount, but the fat quality, can exert a strong influence in the development of those diseases. In this context, several studies have shown that consuming foods high in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) is associated with lower risk for CMD. Moreover, it has also been identified many bioactive compounds in plant foods which are associated with beneficial effects in reducing the risk, or treating DCM. Among these compounds are carotenoids, which have strong antioxidant activity. In this perspective, pequi oil is a potential functional food, since MUFA represent approximately 60% of its fatty acids content, and it is also high in several antioxidant carotenoids. So, considering that western diet pattern promotes CMD development, and pequi oil is a potential functional food, but it has not been explored in this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a partial replacement of lard (high in SFA) by pequi oil (high in MUFA and carotenoids), into a Western diet model, on metabolism, cardiac function and cellular redox status of rats. The animals were divided into three groups (n = 12) and treated during 12 weeks: CTRL - control, AIN93G diet; HFS ? high in saturated fat and sucrose; HFS-OP - high in saturated fat and sucrose, with partial replcement of lard by pequi oil (27%). Body weight and food intake were monitored throughout the experimental period; systolic blood pressure (SBP) and heart rate (HR) were measured at the 3rd and 10th weeks; faeces from the last 72 hours were collected for evaluation of cholesterol and triglycerides (TG). At the end of the experiment, all animals were killed by decapitation, the abdominal and thoracic cavities were opened for collection of samples: (A) hearts were taken immediately to evaluate the ex vivo cardiac function; levels of lipid peroxidation and total antioxidant capacity; (B): epididymal and retroperitoneal adipose tissues were harversted, weighed and subsequently used for adiposity and histological evaluations; (C) serum: for glucose, cholesterol and TG determination; (D) plasma: for insulin, leptin and adiponectina determinations, lipid peroxidation, total antioxidant capacity; (E) livers: for cholesterol and TG levels, histopathological analyzes, lipid peroxidation, total antioxidant capacity and enzyme activities. Body weights from HFS-OP and HFS animals were equally higher than CTRL (p<0.05); however, visceral fat deposition in response to consumption of the Western diet was attenuated by replacing lard by pequi oil and it also led to less TG deposition in the liver (p<0.05). In general, cardiac function was impaired by Western diet, promoting a higher blood pressure and heart rate in vivo and a lower cardiac contractility and relaxation efficiency ex vivo (p<0,05). However, although there were no differential effects from the partial replacement of lard by pequi oil on blood pressure and heart rate in vivo, this replacement attenuated the damage to cardiac function compared to HFS (p<0.05), suggesting that, eventhough modestly, pequi oil exerted a protective effect on intrinsic cardiac structures. In addition, the partial replacement of lard by pequi oil reduced lipid peroxidation in cardiomyocytes (p<0.05) compared to HFS, which was not observed in hepatocytes. Moreover, in the hepatocytes, there were an increasing in total antioxidant capacity and catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities compared to HFS (p<0.05). These adaptations suggest that the partial replacement of lard by pequi oil mitigated some deleterious effects of the Western diet on lipid metabolism, cardiac function and cellular redox status of rats.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:14:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RobsonMF_DISSERT.pdf: 1631191 bytes, checksum: 260bb5fe4f1e2f487d506e21842e62a3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-05-06 / Funda??o de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de S?o Paulo / There is no data about cardiac measurements em Brazilians obtained by CMR. This a muldisciplinary study with the objective of obtaining measurements of the left ventricle (LV) and right ventricle (RV) diastolic diameter (Dd), systolic diameter (Ds), diastolic volume (Dv), systolic volume (Sv), ejection fraction (EF) and myocardial mass in Brazilians. One hundred and seven (54 men and 53 women, mean age of 43.4 ? 13.1 years) asymptomatic individuals without heart disease were submitted to cardiac magnetic resonance (cMR) studies using steady state free precession technique. The means and standard deviations of the parameters of the LV and RV were respectively: LVDD = 4,8 ? 0,5 cm; LVSD = 3,0?0,6 cm; LVDV = 128,4?29,6 ml; LVSV = 45,2?16,6 ml; LVEF = 65,5?6,3%; LV mass = 95,2?30,8.1 g; RVDD = 3,9?1,3 cm; RVSD = 2,5?0,5 cm; RVDV = 126,5?30,7 ml; RVSV = 53.6?18,4 ml; RVEF = 58.3?8,0.0% and RV mass = 26,1?6,1 g. The masses and volumes were significantly higher in men, except for the LVSV. The RV EF was significantly higher in women. There was inverse correlation between RV systolic volume and with age, being more significant in men. This study describes for the first time benchmarks for cardiac measurements obtained by CMR among asymptomatic Brazilians individuals without heart disease and demonstrated differences according to sex and age / N?o h? dados nacionais sobre medidas card?acas obtidas por Resson?ncia Magn?tica Card?aca (RMc). Esse trabalho multidisciplinar teve como objetivo obter medidas do di?metro diast?lico (Dd), di?metro sist?lico (Ds), volume diast?lico final (VdF), volume sist?lico final (VsF), fra??o de eje??o (FE) e da massa mioc?rdica dos ventr?culos esquerdo (VE) e direito (VD) em brasileiros. Cento e sete (107) indiv?duos, 54 homens e 53 mulheres, com idade m?dia de 43,4 ? 13,1 anos, assintom?ticos e sem cardiopatias, foram submetidos ? RMc, utilizando t?cnica de precess?o livre em estado de equil?brio. As m?dias e os desvios padr?es dos par?metros do VE e VD foram respectivamente: Dd VE = 4,8 ? 0,5 cm; Ds VE = 3,0 ? 0,6 cm; VdF VE = 128,4 ? 29,6 ml; VsF VE = 45,2 ? 16,6 ml; FEVE = 65,5 ? 6,3%; massa do VE = 95,2 ? 30,8 g; Dd VD = 3,9 ? 1,3 cm; Ds VD = 2,5 ? 0,5cm; VdF VD = 126,5 ? 30,7 ml; VsF VD = 53,6 ? 18,4 ml; FEVD = 58,3 ? 8,0% e massa do VD = 26,1 ? 6,1 g. As massas e volumes foram significativamente maiores nos homens, exceto para o VsF do VE. A fra??o de eje??o do VD foi significativamente maior nas mulheres. Houve correla??o significativa e inversa do Vs do VD com o aumento da idade, sendo mais significativo nos homens. Esse estudo descreve, pela primeira vez, medidas card?acas obtidas pela RMc em brasileiros, as quais revelam diferen?as de acordo com o sexo e a idade