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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Simulations interactives de champ ultrasonore pour des configurations complexes de contrôle non destructif / Interactive ultrasonic field simulations for complex non destructive testing configurations

Chouh, Hamza 22 November 2016 (has links)
Pour répondre à des impératifs croissants de fiabilité et de sûreté, les procédés mis en œuvre dans le cadre du contrôle non destructif sont en constante évolution. Au vu de la complexité des techniques utilisées, la simulation prend une part importante dans leur développement. Nous présentons des travaux ayant abouti à un outil rapide de simulation du champ émis par un traducteur ultrasonore plan quelconque dans des configurations complexes de contrôle non destructif impliquant des géométries maillées sans arêtes saillantes, des matériaux isotropes ou anistropes, homogènes ou hétérogènes et des trajectoires d'ondes pouvant comporter des rebonds et des transmissions. Les fronts d'ondes ultrasonores sont approximés à l'aide d'interpolateurs polynomiaux locaux à des pinceaux de rayons ultrasonores. Ceux-ci sont obtenus au moyen d'un algorithme de recherche de surface par lancer de pinceaux et subdivisions successives. Ils permettent le calcul des grandeurs utiles à la constitution de la réponse impulsionnelle en chaque point d'un échantillonnage du traducteur respectant le critère de Shannon. De cette façon, nous pouvons calculer une réponse impulsionnelle qui, convoluée au signal d'excitation du traducteur, donne le champ ultrasonore. Les performances des simulations ont été accrues par l'exploitation du parallélisme de tâches et des instructions SIMD dans les parties les plus coûteuses du calcul. Enfin, un outil de calcul progressif continu a été développé pour permettre une visualisation interactive d'images de champ. Il exploite une méthode de reconstruction d'images et ordonnance les calculs de champ de manière à accélérer la convergence des images produites / In order to fulfill increasing reliability and safety requirements, non destructive testing techniques are constantly evolving and so does their complexity. Consequently, simulation is an essential part of their design. We developed a tool for the simulation of the ultrasonic field radiated by any planar probes into non destructive testing configurations involving meshed geometries without prominent edges, isotropic and anisotropic, homogeneous and heterogeneous materials, and wave trajectories that can include reflections and transmissions. We approximate the ultrasonic wavefronts by using polynomial interpolators that are local to ultrasonic ray pencils. They are obtained using a surface research algorithm based on pencil tracing and successive subdivisions. Their interpolators enable the computation of the necessary quantities for the impulse response computation on each point of a sampling of the transducer surface that fulfills the Shannon criterion. By doing so, we can compute a global impulse response which, when convoluted with the excitation signal of the transducer, results in the ultrasonic field. The usage of task parallelism and of SIMD instructions on the most computationally expensive steps yields an important performance boost. Finally, we developed a tool for progressive visualization of field images. It benefits from an image reconstruction technique and schedules field computations in order to accelerate convergence towards the final image
2

[en] DATA FUSION OF TIME OF FLIGHT TECHNIQUES USING ULTRASONIC TRANSDUCERS FOR WIND SPEED MEASUREMENT / [pt] FUSÃO DE DADOS DAS TÉCNICAS DE TEMPO DE TRÂNSITO UTILIZANDO TRANSDUTORES ULTRA-SÔNICOS PARA MEDIÇÃO DA VELOCIDADE DO VENTO

JUAN MOISES MAURICIO VILLANUEVA 10 January 2018 (has links)
[pt] A medição da velocidade de fluidos tem relevância considerável em aplicações industriais e científicas, nas quais medições com baixa incerteza são geralmente requeridas. Nesta tese, tem-se como objetivo projetar e modelar um sistema de medição de velocidade de vento utilizando fusão de dados das informações dos tempos de trânsito obtidas pelas técnicas de detecção de limiar e diferença de fase. Para este propósito, este trabalho é composto por duas partes principais. Na primeira parte, apresenta-se uma análise da propagação de incertezas das técnicas de detecção de limiar e diferença de fase considerando duas estruturas para a medição da velocidade do vento, e faz-se a comparação das faixas de medição e suas incertezas associadas para cada estrutura de medição. Na segunda parte deste trabalho, faz-se um estudo das técnicas de fusão de dados aplicadas a instrumentação e medição, identificandose duas técnicas principais baseadas em: (a) estimação de máxima probabilidade (MLE – Maximum Likelihood Estimation), (b) relação de compatibilidade fuzzy e operadores OWA (Order Weighted Average) com agregação parcial. Em seguida, estas técnicas de fusão são aplicadas para a estimação do tempo de trânsito, considerando-se várias medições independentes do tempo de trânsito obtidas pelas técnicas de detecção de limiar e diferença de fase. Finalmente, realiza-se uma análise da incerteza quantificando-se a incerteza de cada medição sobre o resultado final de fusão. Apresenta-se um estudo de caso englobando estas duas partes do trabalho, desenvolvendo-se o projeto e modelagem de um instrumento de medição de velocidade do vento com baixa incerteza, considerando-se as incertezas associadas, e o uso de técnicas adequadas de fusão de dados para prover informações com maior exatidão e confiabilidade. Resultados experimentais são realizados em um túnel de vento de baixa velocidade com o objetivo de verificar a consistência dos estudos teóricos apresentados. / [en] Flow speed measurement has considerable relevance in industrial and scientific applications, where measurements with low uncertainty are required. In this work, a system for wind speed measurement using ultrasonic transducers is designed and modelled. This system makes use of data fusion techniques for the time-of-flight estimation, combining independent information provided by the threshold detection and phase difference methods. For this purpose, this work consists of two main parts. The first part presents an analysis of uncertainty and error propagation concerning the threshold detection and phase difference techniques and considering two structures for the wind speed measurement. Measurement ranges are associated uncertainties are then compared for each of those estrutures. In the second part of this work, data fusion techniques applied to instrumentation and measurement are studied; two main techniques are singled out: (a) Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE), (b) Fuzzy compatibility relation and Order Weighted Average (OWA) operators with partial aggregation. These fusion techniques are then applied to the time-of-flight estimation, by considering several independent measurements obtained through the threshold detection and phase difference techniques. Finally, uncertainty analysis is carried out by quantifying the influence of each independent measurement on the global fusion result. A case study is also presented, where an instrument for wind speed measurements with low uncertainty is designed and modelled. Appropriate techniques of data fusion aimed at improving accuracy and realiability are considered. Experiments are performed in a wind tunnel in order to verify the consistency of the results in view of the theoretical studies.

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