A potência dos membros inferiores e superiores e a agilidade parecem ser parâmetros de avaliação física e técnica associadas com o desempenho no polo aquático (PAq). O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar como são as relações entre parâmetros que podem influenciar o desempenho no polo aquático, em jogadores de diferentes categorias (idade, experiência e nível de desempenho). Participaram 63 jogadores de PAq, do sexo masculino, que realizaram três testes: altura do salto vertical na água (absoluta – AAbs e relativa à estatuta - ARel), velocidade da bola após o arremesso (Vel) e agilidade (Agil). Resultados: 137,5 ± 1,7 cm para AAbs, 76 ± 1 % para ARel, 64,1 ± 0,66 km.h-1 para Vel e 3,83 ± 0,05 s para Agil. Considerando as comparações e correlações, nenhum padrão de resultado foi encontrado entre as diferentes categorias, no entanto tratando-se de resultados esportivos, poucos centímetros ou décimos de segundos, mesmo sem diferença estatística, são determinantes para vencer uma partida. Desta forma, pode ser observado que a AAbs e ARel foram maiores em atletas mais experientes e com maior faixa etária; a Vel também é maior em atletas mais experientes, no entanto pode sofrer influência negativa a partir de determinada faixa etária; a agilidade parece sofrer maior influência dos anos de experiência. Avaliando os resultados conclui-se que a altura do salto vertical pode estar mais relacionada com o aprendizado da técnica, já a velocidade com a potência como variável física e a agilidade ser fruto da adaptação à atividade. / The lower and upper limbs’ power and agility seem to be physical and technical parameters associated with performance on the water polo (PAq). The aim of this study was to investigate how these parameters are associated in PAq players of different categories (experience, age and performance level). Ball speed after the shot (Vel), agility (Agil) and vertical jump height in water (absolute – AAbs - and relative to the stature - ARel) were assessed. Sixty-three male PAq players underwent three tests. Results: 137.5 ± 1.7 cm for AABS, 76 ± 1% for ARel, 64.1 ± 0.66 km h-1 for Vel, and 3.83 ± 0.05 s for Agil. Considering the tested comparisons and correlations, no pattern of results was found among the different categories, however in the case of sports scores, few centimeters or deciseconds, even without statistical differences, are crucial to winning a match. Thus, it can be seen that the AAbs and Arel were higher in athletes more experienced and older age; the Vel is also higher in more experienced athletes, however it may suffer negative influence from a certain age group; and agility is more strongly influenced the years of experience. Evaluating the results, it is concluded that height of vertical jump can be most related to learning technique, however the speed with power as physical variable and agility be the result of adaptation to activity.

A potência dos membros inferiores e superiores e a agilidade parecem ser parâmetros de avaliação física e técnica associadas com o desempenho no polo aquático (PAq). O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar como são as relações entre parâmetros que podem influenciar o desempenho no polo aquático, em jogadores de diferentes categorias (idade, experiência e nível de desempenho). Participaram 63 jogadores de PAq, do sexo masculino, que realizaram três testes: altura do salto vertical na água (absoluta – AAbs e relativa à estatuta - ARel), velocidade da bola após o arremesso (Vel) e agilidade (Agil). Resultados: 137,5 ± 1,7 cm para AAbs, 76 ± 1 % para ARel, 64,1 ± 0,66 km.h-1 para Vel e 3,83 ± 0,05 s para Agil. Considerando as comparações e correlações, nenhum padrão de resultado foi encontrado entre as diferentes categorias, no entanto tratando-se de resultados esportivos, poucos centímetros ou décimos de segundos, mesmo sem diferença estatística, são determinantes para vencer uma partida. Desta forma, pode ser observado que a AAbs e ARel foram maiores em atletas mais experientes e com maior faixa etária; a Vel também é maior em atletas mais experientes, no entanto pode sofrer influência negativa a partir de determinada faixa etária; a agilidade parece sofrer maior influência dos anos de experiência. Avaliando os resultados conclui-se que a altura do salto vertical pode estar mais relacionada com o aprendizado da técnica, já a velocidade com a potência como variável física e a agilidade ser fruto da adaptação à atividade. / The lower and upper limbs’ power and agility seem to be physical and technical parameters associated with performance on the water polo (PAq). The aim of this study was to investigate how these parameters are associated in PAq players of different categories (experience, age and performance level). Ball speed after the shot (Vel), agility (Agil) and vertical jump height in water (absolute – AAbs - and relative to the stature - ARel) were assessed. Sixty-three male PAq players underwent three tests. Results: 137.5 ± 1.7 cm for AABS, 76 ± 1% for ARel, 64.1 ± 0.66 km h-1 for Vel, and 3.83 ± 0.05 s for Agil. Considering the tested comparisons and correlations, no pattern of results was found among the different categories, however in the case of sports scores, few centimeters or deciseconds, even without statistical differences, are crucial to winning a match. Thus, it can be seen that the AAbs and Arel were higher in athletes more experienced and older age; the Vel is also higher in more experienced athletes, however it may suffer negative influence from a certain age group; and agility is more strongly influenced the years of experience. Evaluating the results, it is concluded that height of vertical jump can be most related to learning technique, however the speed with power as physical variable and agility be the result of adaptation to activity.

A mobile application has been developed to be used for assistance in crisis scenarios. To assure the application is dependable enough to be used in such scenarios, the application was put under test. This thesis investigates different approaches to functional testing and security testing. Five common methods of generating test cases for functional testing have been identified and four were applied on the application. The coverage achieved for each method was measured and compared. For this specific application under test, test cases from a method called decision table-testing scored the highest code coverage. 9 bugs related to functionality were identified. Fuzz testing is a simple security testing technique for efficiently finding security flaws, and was applied for security testing of our application. During the fuzz test, system security properties were breached. An unauthorized user could read and alter asset data, and it also affected the system's availability. Our overall conclusion was that with more time, creating functional tests for smaller components of the application might have been more effective in finding faults and achieving coverage.

Nowadays, non-functional testing has a great impact on the real-time environment. Non-functional testing helps to analyze the performance of the application on both server and client. Load testing attempts to cause the system under test to respond incorrectly in a situation that differs from its normal operation, but rarely encountered in real world use. Examples include providing abnormal inputs to the software or placing real-time software under unexpectedly high loads. High loads are induced over the application to test the performance, but there is a possibility that particular pattern of the low load could also induce load on a real-time system. For example, repeatedly making a request to the system every 11 seconds might cause a fault if the system transitions to standby state after 10 seconds of inactivity. The primary aim of this study is to find out various low load input patterns affecting the software, rather than simply high load inputs. A quasi-experiment was chosen as a research method for this study. Performance testing was performed on the web application with the help of a tool called HP load runner. A comparison was made between low load and high load patterns to analyze the performance of the application and to identify bottlenecks under different load.

The rapid progress made in integrating enormous numbers of transistors on a single chip is making it possible for hardware designers to implement more complex hardware architectures in their designs. Nowadays digital telecommunication systems are implementing several forms of SOC (System-On-Chip) structures. These SOCs usually contain a microprocessor, several DSP cores (Digital-Signal-Processors), other hardware blocks, on-chip memories and peripherals. As new IC process technologies are deployed, with decreasing geometrical dimensions, the probabilities of hardware faults to occur during operation are increasing. Testing SOCs is becoming a very complex issue due to the increasing complexity of the design and the increasing need of a test mechanism that is able to achieve acceptable fault coverage in a short test application time with low power consumption without the use of external logic testers. As a part of the overall test strategy for a SOC, functional self-testing of a DSP core is considered in this project to be applied in the field. This test is used to verify whether fault indications in systems are caused by permanent hardware faults in the DSP. If so, the DSP where the fault is located needs to be taken out of operation, and the board it sits on will be later replaced. If not, the operational state can be restored, and the system will become fully functional again. The main purpose of this project is to develop a functional self-test of a DSP core, and to evaluate the characteristics of the test. This project also involves proposing a scheme on how to apply a functional test on a DSP core in an embedded environment, and how to retrieve results from the test. The test program shall run at system speed. To develop and measure the quality of the test program, two different coverage metrics were used. The first is the code coverage metric achieved by simulating the test program on the RTL representation of the DSP. The second metric used was the fault coverage achieved. The fault coverage of the test was calculated using a commercial Fault Simulator working on a gate-level representation of the DSP. The results achieved in this report show that this proposed approach can achieve acceptable levels of fault coverage in short execution time without the need for external testers which makes it possible to perform the self-test in the field. This approach has the unique property of not requiring any hardware modifications in the DSP design, and the ability of testing several DSPs in parallel.

Majoriteten av idrottsskador inklusive skada på främre korsbandet (Anterior Cruciate Ligament, ACL) uppstår i slutet av träning/tävling när personen tenderar att vara trött. Nuvarande funktionstest inför återgång till idrott efter skada utvärderar ofta individens hoppförmåga i ett icke-uttröttat tillstånd. Syfte: Syftet med följande studie var att se huruvida prestationen i två olika enbenshopp kunde skilja sig mellan före och efter 25 minuters löpning, varav 15 minuter på hög-intensiv nivå och om hopprestationen skiljer sig mellan oskadade och ACL-opererade kvinnor. Metod: Totalt deltog 8 friska kvinnor, utan pågående besvär från nedre extremitet samt 6 färdigrehabiliterade ACL-opererade kvinnor som återgått till sin tidigare aktivitetsnivå. Deltagarna genomförde tester vid två olika tillfällen. Ett Pre-test-tillfälle då inträning av distans- och cross-overhopp samt ett max-pulstest (HRmax) på löpband utfördes. Ett Test-tillfälle där respektive hopp utfördes före och efter cirka 25 minuters löpning varav 15 minuter var på hög-intensiv nivå (>RPE 15 eller >85 % av HRmax). Total distans mättes, registrerades och analyserades för två godkända hopp per ben, tillstånd och hopptyp. Antal hopp-försök per ben och hopp registrerades. Ett symmetri index (LSI) beräknades för att bedöma om det förelåg en normal eller onormal sidoskillnad. Resultat: Cross-overhoppet var signifikant kortare efter löpning jämfört med före. Samma resultat syntes inte för distanshoppet. Ingen skillnad fanns mellan grupperna i hopplängd eller LSI-värden, före eller efter löpning. Ingen onormal sidoskillnad syntes före eller efter löpning i något utav hoppen. ACL-skadade behövde signifikant fler hoppförsök på det opererade benet i uttröttat tillstånd jämfört med det icke-opererade och jämfört med oskadade för att uppnå två godkända hopp. Slutsats: Cross-overhoppet försämrades av löpningen och kan därför sägas vara känsligt nog att kunna skilja uttröttat från icke-uttröttat tillstånd hos båda grupperna. Samma resultat syntes inte för distanshoppet. Det uttröttningsprotokoll och de hopptester som utfördes kunde inte frambringa några större förändringar eller olika sidoskillnader mellan färdigrehabiliterade ACL-opererade kvinnor som återgått till sin tidigare aktivitetsnivå och oskadade, generellt fysisk aktiva kvinnor. Viss osäkerhet kan ha funnits kvar hos det tidigare skadade benet eftersom fler hoppförsök krävdes i uttröttat tillstånd på det opererade benet jämfört med det icke-opererade benet eller jämfört med oskadade deltagare för båda hopptyperna. / Most sport injuries including anterior cruciate ligament-injury (ACL) occur at the end of sport events when the person tends to be fatigued. Despite this, the tests commonly used today to assess whether the individual should return to sports are performed in a non-fatigued state. Aim: The aim of this study was to compare effects of 25 minutes treadmill running, including 15 minutes at a level of high-intenisty on the performance of two different single-leg hop tests between un-injured women and women who underwent an ACL-reconstruction. Method: Eight un-injured women without any ongoing symptoms from either leg, and 6 women who had undergone an ACL-reconstruction, finished the rehabilitation program and returned to their pre-injury level of activity performed tests at two different occasions. The first occasion included technique training for each single-leg hop and a maximal heart rate test (HRmax) on a treadmill. On the second occasion subjects performed the single-leg hop for distance and the cross-over hop before and directly after 25 minutes running, including 15 minutes on a high-intensity level (>RPE 15 and/or >85 % HRmax). Total jump-distance was measured, registered and analysed for 2 approved trials per leg, condition and hop. A leg symmetry index (LSI) was calculated to assess side-to-side-differences. Results: The cross-over hop was significantly shorter after running in both groups, whereas no such effect was seen for the single-leg hop for distance. No difference was shown between groups in performed distance, side-to-side difference or LSI-values, before or after running any of the single-leg hops. Subjects in the ACL-group needed significantly more hop-trials on the operated leg compared to the non-operated leg and compared to un-injured subjects to achieve two qualified hops. Conclusions: Subjects jumped shorter in the cross-over hop after running. This hop can therefore be regarded as sensitive enough to tell fatigued state from a non-fatigued state in both groups. The fatigue protocol did not induce any side-to-side differences in subjects who had undergone ACL-reconstruction, finished their rehabilitation and returned to their pre-injury activity level. Some insecurity may still have been present in the previously injured leg since ACL-operated subjects needed more hop-trials for the operated leg compared to the non-operated leg or compared to un-injured subjects when fatigue.

Recent years have witnessed that standard telecommunication services evolved more and more to next generation value-added services. This fact is accompanied by a change of service characteristics as new services are designed to fulfil the customer’s demands instead of just focussing on technologies and protocols. These demands can be very specific and, therefore, diverse potential service functionalities have to be considered by the service providers. To make matters worse for service providers, a fast transition from concept to market product and low price of a new service is required due to the increasing competition in the telecommunication industry. Therefore, effective test solutions need to be developed that can be integrated in current value-added service development life-cycles. Besides, these solutions should support the involvement of all participating stakeholders such as the service provider, the test developers as well as the service developers, and, in order to consider an agile approach, also the service customer. This thesis proposes a novel framework for functional testing that is based on a new sort of description language for value-added services (Service Test Description). Based on instances of the Service Test Description, sets of reusable test components described by means of an applied Statecharts notation are automatically selected and composed to so-called behaviour models. From the behaviour models, abstract test cases can be automatically generated which are then transformed to TTCN-3 test cases and then assembled to an Executable Test Suite. Within a TTCN-3 test system, the Executable Test Suite can be executed against the corresponding value-added service referred to as System Under Test. One benefit of the proposed framework is its application within standard development life-cycles. Therefore, the thesis presents a methodology that considers both service development and test development as parallel tasks and foresees procedures to synchronise the tasks and to allow an agile approach with customer involvement. The novel framework is validated through a proof-of-concept working prototype. Example value-added services have been chosen to illustrate the whole process from compiling instances of the Service Test Description until the execution of automated tests. Overall, this thesis presents a novel solution for service providers to improve the quality of their provided value-added services through automated functional testing procedures. It enables the early involvement of the customers into the service development life-cycle and also helps test developers and service developers to collaborate.

I denna rapport presenteras hur en simulatorlösning för funktionstestning av en gruvmaskin har tagits fram. Arbetet har skett i Atlas Copcos regi och består av tre delar: kartläggning i form av intervjuer, utvärdering av befintliga simulatoralternativ och slutligen val och implementation av lösning.   Resultatet visar på en konceptuell prototyp, där en gruvmaskin visualiseras i en 3D-miljö tillsammans med en virtuell gruvgång. Detta möjliggör bland annat testning av autonom navigering, alltså att en gruvmaskin självständigt styr utifrån avläsning av tunnelväggar med hjälp av laser. Samtidigt tillåter lösningen också att kontrollvärden från olika sensorer, såsom vinkelgivare, kan hämtas ut ur simuleringen. / This report presents how a solution for functional testing of mine trucks involving a simulator has been developed. The project has been directed by Atlas Copco and consists of three parts: conduction of a survey in the form of interviews, evaluation of existing simulators and finally selection and implementation of a solution.   The result shows a mine truck visualized in a 3D environment with a virtual mining tunnel. This allows for testing of the autonomous navigation systems developed at Atlas Copco, where a machine uses readings from laser sensors to locate itself and navigate through mining tunnels without the help of an operator. At the same time, it allows relevant and interesting values from various sensors, such as inclinometers, to be extracted from the simulation environment.

This diploma thesis is focused on testing of Electronic Control Units, especially functional testing in which hardware and software is verified and also Model in the Loop, Software in the Loop, Processor in the Loop and Hardware in the Loop testing methods. Within practical part of this thesis testing stand for functional test of the ECU was developed and manufactured. It is connected to PC via Input/Output card, testing is controlled by MATLAB script. Whole process of testing is automated from initial upload of testing firmware to tested ECU over all phases of test up to bootloader flashing. Hardware in the Loop test was also created, in which ECU works as controller and DC motor is simulated in real time with PC in MATLAB environment.

Yes / The Stream X-Machine (SXM) testing method provides strong and repeatable guarantees of functional correctness, up to a specification. These qualities make the method attractive for software certification, especially in the domain of brokered cloud services, where arbitrage seeks to substitute functionally equivalent services from alternative providers. However, practical obstacles include: the difficulty in providing a correct specification, the translation of abstract paths into feasible concrete tests, and the large size of generated test suites. We describe a novel SXM verification and testing method, which automatically checks specifications for completeness and determinism, prior to generating complete test suites with full grounding information. Three optimisation steps achieve up to a ten-fold reduction in the size of the test suite, removing infeasible and redundant tests. The method is backed by a set of tools to validate and verify the SXM specification, generate technology-agnostic test suites and ground these in SOAP, REST or rich-client service implementations. The method was initially validated using seven specifications, three cloud platforms and five grounding strategies. / European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no. 328392, the Broker@Cloud project [11].