The purpose of this thesis is to explore whether or not there exists a difference between the old and new migrants who moved to Istanbul, Ankara, Bursa, Izmir, Gaziantep, Erzurum and Sanliurfa provinces pre and post 1990, and the disadvantaged residents born in the urban areas of these provinces in terms of education, health and employment. To attain this aim, a theoretical framework, through which main features of the concept of disadvantageous were discussed.The overview of the literature, is based on these three dimensions of being disadvantaged, which are education, health and employment by using socio-economical characteristics as the interpretive tools. Therefore, the definition of disadvantageous centered on the notion of migration is accepted as a background of the study. In this respect, disadvantaged people are accepted as a group that experiences a higher risk of poverty and social exclusion than the general population.

No description available.

Os conflitos pelo uso da água vêm se tornando cada vez mais comuns, impactando diretamente no comportamento dos usuários. Com isso, é fundamental a implantação eficaz da gestão desse recurso limitado, com a priorização dos usos múltiplos e a utilização mais racional da água, tentando conciliar preservação e desenvolvimento econômico e social. Para implementar esse processo de gestão no Brasil, foram criados os instrumentos constantes nas Políticas de Recursos Hídricos Nacional e do Estado de São Paulo, com destaque para os Planos de Bacia Hidrográfica. Tratam-se de documentos de planejamento criados no âmbito dos Comitês de Bacia Hidrográfica, com a proposição de metas vinculadas à recuperação, proteção e conservação dos recursos hídricos. Essas metas devem estar condizentes com os programas de desenvolvimento e ambientais estipulados no âmbito do estado, conhecidos como Programas de Duração Continuada (PDC). E, para proporcionar suporte financeiro a esse processo de gestão, foi criado o Fundo Estadual de Recursos Hídricos (FEHIDRO). Trata-se de um Fundo Estadual responsável por financiar projetos que possam trazer benefícios diretos para a melhoria da qualidade da água na Bacia Hidrográfica. Este trabalho teve como objetivo principal analisar as características desses projetos financiados com os recursos do FEHIDRO, na Bacia Hidrográfica do Sorocaba e Médio Tietê, no período de 1995 a 2016. E também verificar se esses projetos estão condizentes com as metas estipuladas por esse Comitê. Para isso, foi realizada uma compilação das informações disponibilizadas pelo Sistema de Informação do FEHIDRO (SinFEHIDRO), com dados pertinentes aos projetos encaminhados ao Comitê. A partir dessa análise, foi possível constatar que, no período analisado, foram encaminhados 447 empreendimentos, sendo 261 aprovados e 186 cancelados. Dos aprovados, as principais áreas financiadas foram relativas à capacitação e educação ambiental, coleta e tratamento de esgoto e destinação adequada dos resíduos sólidos. O segmento Município foi o maior tomador dos recursos (66%), seguido da Sociedade Civil (24%) e do Estado (10%). Quanto às metas estipuladas pelo Plano de Bacia, a maior quantidade de projetos esteve atrelada a: educação ambiental (meta 14); alcance e manutenção de 100% na coleta e no tratamento de esgoto urbano (metas 1 e 2); implantação e adequação de sistemas de destinação final de resíduos sólidos (meta 3); e, combate aos problemas de erosão urbana (meta 7). Já, com relação aos PDCs prioritários, a maior quantidade de projetos foi enquadrada nos PDC 3 (95 projetos na área de recuperação da qualidade dos corpos de água), PDC 1 (88 projetos relacionados a estudos e levantamentos de dados na bacia) e PDC 4 (26 projetos de conservação e proteção dos corpos dágua). Assim, foi possível concluir que houve coerência entre as áreas de atuação dos projetos financiados e as metas estipuladas pelo Comitê em seu Plano de Bacia, que estão relacionados principalmente à coleta e tratamento de esgoto; à destinação adequada dos resíduos sólidos; às áreas com erosão e aos programas de educação ambiental. / Conflicts surrounding the use of water are becoming increasingly commons, impacting directly on the users\' behavior. As such, it is crucial that the management of this limited resource be implemented effectively, with a focus on multiple uses and the more rational use of water, trying to reconcile its preservation with economic and social development. To implement this management process in Brazil, the instruments listed in the Policies of National Water Resources and of the State of São Paulo were created, with emphasis on the Hydrographic Basin Plans. These are planning documents created in the context of the Hydrographic Basin Committees, with the proposition of goals linked to the recovery, protection and conservation of water resources. These goals must be consistents with the development and environmental programs set out in the framework of the State, known as Programs of Continued Duration (PDC). And, to provide financial support to this management process, the State Fund for Water Resources (FEHIDRO) was created. This is a State Fund responsible for financing projects that can bring direct benefits for the improvement of water quality in the Hydrographic Basin. The main objective of this study was to analyze the characteristics of projects funded by the resources of FEHIDRO, in the Hydrographic Basin of Sorocaba and Médio Tietê, in the period from 1995 to 2016. And, also, to check if these projects are consistent with the goals set out by this Committee and with the goals adopted by the framework of the State. For this reason, a compilation of data provided by the FEHIDRO Information System (SinFEHIDRO) was performed, with relevant data for projects forwarded to the Committee. From this analysis, it was possible to observe that, in the analyzed period, 447 projects were forwarded, of which 261 were approved and 186 cancelled. Of those approved, the main areas funded were those related to environmental education and training, sewage collection and treatment and proper disposal of solid waste. The Municipal segment was the main borrower of resources (66%), followed by the Civil Society (24%) and the State (10%). As to the goals stipulated by the Basin Plan, the largest quantity of projects was tied to technological capacitation and environmental education (goal 14); 100% reach and maintenance in the collection and treatment of urban sewage (goals 1 and 2), and; deployment and the adequacy of systems for final disposal of household solid waste (goal 3). Now, with regard to the priority PDCs, the greatest quantity of projects was assigned under PDC 3 (95 projects in the area of recovery of the quality of water bodies), PDC 1 (88 projects related to studies and surveys of data in the basin) and PDC 4 (26 projects for the conservation and protection of water bodies). Thus, it was possible to conclude that there was consistency between the areas of funded projects and the goals set out by the Committee in its Basin Plan, which are mainly related to the collection and treatment of sewage; to the proper disposal of urban solid waste; to erosion area and environmental education programs.

Os conflitos pelo uso da água vêm se tornando cada vez mais comuns, impactando diretamente no comportamento dos usuários. Com isso, é fundamental a implantação eficaz da gestão desse recurso limitado, com a priorização dos usos múltiplos e a utilização mais racional da água, tentando conciliar preservação e desenvolvimento econômico e social. Para implementar esse processo de gestão no Brasil, foram criados os instrumentos constantes nas Políticas de Recursos Hídricos Nacional e do Estado de São Paulo, com destaque para os Planos de Bacia Hidrográfica. Tratam-se de documentos de planejamento criados no âmbito dos Comitês de Bacia Hidrográfica, com a proposição de metas vinculadas à recuperação, proteção e conservação dos recursos hídricos. Essas metas devem estar condizentes com os programas de desenvolvimento e ambientais estipulados no âmbito do estado, conhecidos como Programas de Duração Continuada (PDC). E, para proporcionar suporte financeiro a esse processo de gestão, foi criado o Fundo Estadual de Recursos Hídricos (FEHIDRO). Trata-se de um Fundo Estadual responsável por financiar projetos que possam trazer benefícios diretos para a melhoria da qualidade da água na Bacia Hidrográfica. Este trabalho teve como objetivo principal analisar as características desses projetos financiados com os recursos do FEHIDRO, na Bacia Hidrográfica do Sorocaba e Médio Tietê, no período de 1995 a 2016. E também verificar se esses projetos estão condizentes com as metas estipuladas por esse Comitê. Para isso, foi realizada uma compilação das informações disponibilizadas pelo Sistema de Informação do FEHIDRO (SinFEHIDRO), com dados pertinentes aos projetos encaminhados ao Comitê. A partir dessa análise, foi possível constatar que, no período analisado, foram encaminhados 447 empreendimentos, sendo 261 aprovados e 186 cancelados. Dos aprovados, as principais áreas financiadas foram relativas à capacitação e educação ambiental, coleta e tratamento de esgoto e destinação adequada dos resíduos sólidos. O segmento Município foi o maior tomador dos recursos (66%), seguido da Sociedade Civil (24%) e do Estado (10%). Quanto às metas estipuladas pelo Plano de Bacia, a maior quantidade de projetos esteve atrelada a: educação ambiental (meta 14); alcance e manutenção de 100% na coleta e no tratamento de esgoto urbano (metas 1 e 2); implantação e adequação de sistemas de destinação final de resíduos sólidos (meta 3); e, combate aos problemas de erosão urbana (meta 7). Já, com relação aos PDCs prioritários, a maior quantidade de projetos foi enquadrada nos PDC 3 (95 projetos na área de recuperação da qualidade dos corpos de água), PDC 1 (88 projetos relacionados a estudos e levantamentos de dados na bacia) e PDC 4 (26 projetos de conservação e proteção dos corpos dágua). Assim, foi possível concluir que houve coerência entre as áreas de atuação dos projetos financiados e as metas estipuladas pelo Comitê em seu Plano de Bacia, que estão relacionados principalmente à coleta e tratamento de esgoto; à destinação adequada dos resíduos sólidos; às áreas com erosão e aos programas de educação ambiental. / Conflicts surrounding the use of water are becoming increasingly commons, impacting directly on the users\' behavior. As such, it is crucial that the management of this limited resource be implemented effectively, with a focus on multiple uses and the more rational use of water, trying to reconcile its preservation with economic and social development. To implement this management process in Brazil, the instruments listed in the Policies of National Water Resources and of the State of São Paulo were created, with emphasis on the Hydrographic Basin Plans. These are planning documents created in the context of the Hydrographic Basin Committees, with the proposition of goals linked to the recovery, protection and conservation of water resources. These goals must be consistents with the development and environmental programs set out in the framework of the State, known as Programs of Continued Duration (PDC). And, to provide financial support to this management process, the State Fund for Water Resources (FEHIDRO) was created. This is a State Fund responsible for financing projects that can bring direct benefits for the improvement of water quality in the Hydrographic Basin. The main objective of this study was to analyze the characteristics of projects funded by the resources of FEHIDRO, in the Hydrographic Basin of Sorocaba and Médio Tietê, in the period from 1995 to 2016. And, also, to check if these projects are consistent with the goals set out by this Committee and with the goals adopted by the framework of the State. For this reason, a compilation of data provided by the FEHIDRO Information System (SinFEHIDRO) was performed, with relevant data for projects forwarded to the Committee. From this analysis, it was possible to observe that, in the analyzed period, 447 projects were forwarded, of which 261 were approved and 186 cancelled. Of those approved, the main areas funded were those related to environmental education and training, sewage collection and treatment and proper disposal of solid waste. The Municipal segment was the main borrower of resources (66%), followed by the Civil Society (24%) and the State (10%). As to the goals stipulated by the Basin Plan, the largest quantity of projects was tied to technological capacitation and environmental education (goal 14); 100% reach and maintenance in the collection and treatment of urban sewage (goals 1 and 2), and; deployment and the adequacy of systems for final disposal of household solid waste (goal 3). Now, with regard to the priority PDCs, the greatest quantity of projects was assigned under PDC 3 (95 projects in the area of recovery of the quality of water bodies), PDC 1 (88 projects related to studies and surveys of data in the basin) and PDC 4 (26 projects for the conservation and protection of water bodies). Thus, it was possible to conclude that there was consistency between the areas of funded projects and the goals set out by the Committee in its Basin Plan, which are mainly related to the collection and treatment of sewage; to the proper disposal of urban solid waste; to erosion area and environmental education programs.

This thesis deals with the principles of partnership between Czech non-profit organizations. This topic draws on the research of twelve high-impact American non-profit organizations which was carried out by H. McLeod Grant and L.R. Crutchfield in 2007. On the example of the civic association's Koalice nevládek Pardubicka (KONEP) work, the essay tries to apply partial outcomes of this research on the Czech environment, to find common aspects and different elements of the partnership principle, and to introduce a succesful way of its implementation. Through the means of analysis and description of concrete projects and activities of Koalice nevládek Pardubicka organization, this essay presents the benefit of the partnership principle for non-profit organizations and community development itself, and seeks to show its importance in the life of civil society.

This thesis study explores the existing knowledge management and sharing practices in donor organizations, particularly working in the developing countries. The potentional of knowledge management and sharing to facilitate development organizations in carrying out development work has been recognised in the literature. Literature presented mix of critique and appreciation to the existing efforts of donor agencies. Knowledge sharing platforms revolves around the country initiatives and donor agencies like UNDP and World Bank which are proactive in establishing these platforms for partner organizations. This research contributes practical insight to the question of delivery of these platforms, through an empirical investigation based on the development professionals' experiences. As earlier research shows enormous amount of literature on individual, team and organizational level knowledge sharing, this study sets prime focus on community level or external knowledge sharing, an area where there exist a dearth of emperical research or contributing literature on examing the role of sharing initiatives and possible contribution in improving risk management in development projects. Literature shows the potential of knowledge management and sharing practices, as their possible contribution in the global development practices and in bridging gap between North-South stakeholders. However, cultural, technological, organizational and individual level issues escalate with external level of knowledge sharing and thesis rightly, identifies success factors from the literature alongwith their viability from the professionals. It is even more inadequate when it comes to projects of donor organizations in under developed and developing countries. With 80% of documented failure rates of knowledge sharing systems, external knowledge sharing with partner organizations or network organizations is really not adequate and do not have supporting culture. As this whole process of sharing knowledge, heavily relies on the perceived motivation and willingness to share, study has tried to identify the challenges facing wider use of these sharing systems. Study also contributes with suggestions for knowledge management and sharing system developers, policy and decision makers and system users, to improve the overall contribution of knowledge sharing in better risk management. Apart from the cultural barriers, there are technical and policy level issues which need more concerted efforts to improve the use of these sharing systems by various organizations and individuals. / House No. 174-A, St. 61, I-8/3, Islamabad, Pakistan Contact: +92-336-5666065, Email: noman-1985@hotmail.com

Many construction projects in the United States are facing the risk of cost overrun and schedule delays. This is also happening here in the State of Louisiana. When these things happen, it causes cost overrun which can then be passed on to the tax payers and may also cause the state to take on less projects than they normal. Many researchers have studied the reasons behind both the cost overrun and the delays resulting in private firms, developing project management tools and best practices to prevent this risk. In this research, I aim to study the historical trend in 2912 publically funded projects in the State of Louisiana. The study will reveal the overall state level of accuracy of forecasting cost and schedule. A forecasting formula based on those historical projects will be developed to assist estimators at the Parish level in predicting cost and schedule performance. The State of Louisiana has so many projects that deal with the transportation system (roadway, bridges, drainage, traffic sign, traffic signal, lighting etc...) My Dissertation will be a study and analysis of time and cost of the projects in LADOTD, whether the projects finish on time, before time or after time as well as the cost of the project that has been completed overrun or underrun or the exact amount that the bid amount was. With this study and analysis, my intention is to create time schedule and cost to be used to on reaching accuracy on finishing the project on time and the exact bid amount of the project (exclude whether condition, extra work, and some unexpected problems that may arise during the length of the project).

EU:s sammanhållningspolitik har sedan 1980-talet varit ett verktyg för att investera och utveckla regioner. Utvecklingen sker genom olika strukturfonder och har de senaste decennierna finansierat stora delar av turismens utveckling, särskilt i turismintensiva regioner. Jämtland Härjedalen är ett tydligt exempel på en turismintensiv region där EU-medel används till utvecklingsprojekt. EU:s finansieringssystem upplevs av stödsökande komplext och resurskrävande i både ansöknings- och genomförandeprocesserna. De regelverk som finns är vidare mycket invecklade, vilket gör processerna än mer omfattande. Den här studien syftar till att undersöka och skapa en förståelse för vilka utmaningarna är samt vilka förbättringsmöjligheter som finns. Detta har skett genom en flermetodsstudie, där datainsamlingen genomförts med både enkät och intervjuer. Enkäten och de första intervjuerna gjordes med projektägare som är verksamma i Jämtland Härjedalen, och kompletterande intervjuer gjordes med representanter från finansiärerna Tillväxtverket och Region Jämtland Härjedalen. De främsta utmaningarna och förbättringsområdena från studien kan sammanfattas enligt följande: Upplevda utmaningar: Komplex och tidspressad ansökningsprocess Finansiärernas bristande förståelse om besöksnäringen Att vara låst till målen som skrivits i ansökan Rädsla att inte få kostnader för genomförda aktiviteter godkända Komplicerad redovisning och rapportering Projekt som arbetsform Önskade förbättringar: Förenklat regelverk Förbättrad kommunikation Mindre byråkratisk ansökningsprocess Mer dialog och samverkan Tydligare ansvar och roller Vi avslutar denna studie med en sammanfattande diskussion där vi lyfter egna tankar och funderingar kring utmaningarna och förbättringsmöjligheterna som framkommit av vårt resultat. Vi ser flera stora förbättringsområden, inte minst kopplat till förenklad byråkrati, ökad samverkan och mer dialog. Projektfinansiering är ett relativt outforskat område och vi hoppas att framtida forskning kommer beröra ämnen kopplade till den EU-finansierade projektvärlden. / Since the 1980s, the EU's cohesion policy has been a tool for investing and developing regions. The development takes place through various structural funds and in recent decades has financed large parts of the development of tourism, especially in tourism-intensive regions. Jämtland Härjedalen is a clear example of a tourism-intensive region where EU funds are used for development projects. However, the EU's funding system has proven to be a complex system where applicants experience the application and implementation process as very complex and resource-intensive with complicated regulations to deal with. This study aims to investigate and create an understanding of what the challenges are and what opportunities for improvement exist. This has taken place through a mixed-method study, where the collection of data was carried out with both a questionnaire and interviews. The survey and the first interviews were done with project owners who are active in Jämtland Härjedalen, and supplementary interviews were done with representatives from the financiers Tillväxtverket and Region Jämtland Härjedalen. The main challenges and areas for improvement from the study can be summarized as following: Perceived challenges: Complex and time consuming application process The financiers lack of understanding about the hospitality industry To be locked to the goals written in the application Fear of not getting costs for completed activities approved Complicated accounting and reporting Projects as a form of working method Desired improvements: Simplified regulations Improved communication Less bureaucratic application process More dialogue and cooperation Clearer responsibilities and roles We conclude this study with a summary in which we raise our own thoughts and reflections regarding the challenges and opportunities for improvement that emerged from our results. We see several major areas of improvement, not least linked to simplified bureaucracy, increased cooperation and more dialogue. Project financing is a relatively unexplored area and we hope that future research will touch on topics connected to the EU-funded project world. / <p>2023-06-16</p>