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This thesis aims to map the history and development of fundraising in the world, particularly in the United States. It also describes the modern theoretical concepts, which are currently being used for the preparation and planning of fundraising strategy. The practical section consists of analysis of the Czech branch of the global organization Transparency International and the evaluation of its fundraising strategy with a focus on individual and corporate donors.

Recently, the Mississippi community college system has experienced significant budget cuts. Although fundraising has long historical significance, it has not been fully embraced by the community college system. With the transfer of wealth estimated to be $41-$136 trillion over the next 40 years, there has never been a better time for community colleges to tell their story. Studies reveal that planned giving is a key strategy for fundraising and that new innovative ideas must be developed to take advantage of private sources of funding. Planned giving in the form of forestland donations is an innovative avenue that can benefit the institution and the potential donor through charitable estate planning. Although there are examples of planned giving through donations of forestland, there is not any extensive research on this subject involving community colleges. The purpose of this study was to use the concept of the Bulldog Forest at Mississippi State University to determine if the idea of the community college foundation forest would be feasible and valuable to implement within the Mississippi community college system. Holmes Community College (HCC) alumni, who fall into the non- industrial private forest landowner category, were surveyed to determine their interest in donating their forestland to the institution through charitable estate planning options. Through the use of growth-and-yield models, hypothetical management regimes were employed on hypothetical forestland donations to produce long-term cash flow scenarios for a specific rate of return for a specific rotation. These scenarios determined the level of funding that could be generated through a planned giving program involving forestland. The findings revealed that HCC alumni do not have an immediate interest in donating their forestland to the HCC foundation. It is recommended that personal connection(s) be established with these alumni along with the facets of planned giving explained by a trained professional. The findings also revealed that the donation of forestland can be very profitable for a community college foundation. However, further research is needed to explore the other charitable estate planning options since it was assumed that all of the hypothetical forestland donations were outright gifts.

Many business schools in the United States have experienced a decrease in funding. To compensate for the reduced revenue and remain competitive, a number of these institutions have discovered new and creative ways to raise money, such as using the Internet. This study examined the impact that the Internet has on business school philanthropy and identified online giving trends among randomly selected AACSB International accredited institutions in the United States. A 20-item questionnaire was used to measure the results. Of the 107 business schools that participated in this study, 36.4% (n=39) raised money online. Data also revealed that 66.7% of the business schools that raised money online reported that the average size of an individual online gift was $250 or less, and nearly 80% of the respondents claimed that online donations accounted for 10% or less of the total amount they received in annual donations. This study also explored other variables such as the type of institution (public or private) that accepted online donations as well as the type of fundraising office a business school had (decentralized, centralized, or combined). Donor characteristics and marketing strategies used by business schools to promote their online fundraising programs were also examined. The results revealed that many business schools did not accurately track the demographics and characteristics of their online donors. Findings from this study indicated that advancements in technology have increased the opportunities for obtaining financial support to business schools. The results can be used as a benchmark for future investigations.

Welch (2003) believed that one of the most significant challenges facing community colleges is generating enough revenue to promote the mission, goals, and objectives of the community college. According to Kenton (2005), community colleges thrive on revenue generated from tuition and fees, federal and state programs and endowments. Resource development is income generated activities established by community colleges (Glass & Jackson, 1998b). This dissertation explores resource development at Mississippi’s Community and Junior Colleges. Secondly, it determines whether revenue generated from fundraising serves the colleges’ needs. Thirdly, it distinguishes the various types of resource development activities the colleges and junior colleges used to raise funds. Lastly, this research explores the operation integration and organizational structure of resource development at Mississippi’s Community and Junior College. The results of this study demonstrated how the community and junior colleges in Mississippi operate their grants office while in concert with their foundation office. This study revealed the connection between grants functions and grant development at the community and junior college level. The trend has shifted from capital campaigns to cooperative funding in conjunction with community based organizations affiliated with the colleges. Community colleges have to initiate annual fund drives, capital campaigns, special events, and business partnerships in order to secure the necessary resources to survive in the competitive educational environment.

The theme of this thesis is fundraising for non-profit organizations, i.e. aquiring of financial and non-financial sources for them, mainly with focus on methods and problems of individual fundraising. Application of these methods is shown in a case study of a beneficial event.

As funds dwindle and costs rise university advancement staff have been given higher fundraising goals to meet the needs. In addition, university advancement staff have received pressure to review and lower the costs of fundraising to become more efficient (Drezner, 2011). To enable university advancement staff to attain goals, advocate for resources, or enhance processes, university advancement staff are challenged to measure their effectiveness. However, the process of measuring university fundraising success is unclear as there are many variables to consider and several ways to determine success. For this study the Delphi Technique (Hsu & Sanford, 2007) was used with 3 rounds of questionnaires. Seventeen experts of fundraising analytics were asked to identify both quantifiable and nonquantifiable variables that should be included in a comprehensive model to determine success in university fundraising. Findings include quantifiable measures such as return on investment, growth in giving reports, new and recaptured donors, and fundraiser performance and activity metrics. In addition, findings include nonquantifiable measures such as institutional and environmental forces were identified by the participants as critical components to comprise in a comprehensive model. Further findings include a variety of other metrics, both quantifiable and nonquantifiable, that were identified by the participants as critical components to comprise in a comprehensive evaluation model.

Com o advento da internet, surgem no campo da filantropia plataformas digitais que utilizam o poder de mobilização de indivíduos da web 2.0 para apoiar financeiramente projetos socioambientais. Esta dissertação tem por base as experiências da startup Eventos do Bem, que utiliza o método de angariação online Peer-to- Peer (P2P). A abordagem digital do método de captação de recursos P2P consiste na elaboração de campanhas promovidas por indivíduos online os quais podem utilizar seus eventos pessoais prol de uma causa social - como aniversários, casamentos entre outros - para mobilizar sua rede de contatos propondo que seus conhecidos doem para sua campanha ao invés de os presentearem no aniversário. As experiências na realização de campanhas digitais em prol de organizações sociais no referido empreendimento, elucubraram problemas relativos à performance financeira das campanhas. Logo, esta pesquisa foi realizada com o objetivo de propor diretrizes e práticas que potencializem o sucesso deste tipo de arrecadação online. Visto ser um modelo aplicado de forma pioneira no país, como metodologia, optou-se pela estratégia de estudos de caso múltiplos com base em YIN (1994) na qual, em conjunto com o estudo da startup Eventos do Bem, selecionou-se a plataforma estadunidense Charity:Water, referência em angariação P2P. Como unidades de análise, foram abordadas as campanhas de angariação realizadas em ambas as plataformas, focando na categoria de campanhas de aniversário. Logo, o trajeto desta pesquisa delineou-se nas fases: (a) análise da experiência da startup Eventos do Bem, em paralelo com a leitura do referencial teórico pertinente; (b) pesquisa e seleção da plataforma Charity:Water; (c) estudo e realização de 46 entrevistas, compondo-se em 6 entrevistas com funcionários do Charity:Water e 40 efetivadas com criadores de campanhas de aniversário em ambas as plataformas; (d) análise de fatores e práticas influenciadoras das campanhas promovidas nos casos abordados; (e) estudo cross- case e análise dos resultados obtidos. Como resultado da pesquisa, foi delineado um procedimento de boas práticas para potencializar a performance das campanhas digitais, destacando-se ações referentes à interação individual do criador da campanha com toda a sua rede de contatos, a persistência no pedido e a realização de um discurso do pedido de doação com qualidade, isto é, que apresente argumentos para persuadir doadores mais emocionais como também os mais racionais e lógicos. Desta forma, o estudo contribuiu para expandir o debate de captação de recursos online e aponta inovações da técnica P2P no que tange à mecânica do processo de decisão para doar e demonstra que a técnica pode fornecer resultados que vão além da angariação de recursos, estimulando maior engajamento social dos participantes. / With the advent of the Internet, philanthropy is emerging in digital platforms that use the mobilization power of web 2.0 individuals to financially support social and environmental projects. This dissertation is based on the experiences of the startup Eventos do Bem, which uses the Peer-to-Peer (P2P) online raising method. The digital approach of the P2P method of fundraising consists of the elaboration of campaigns promoted by individuals online who can use their personal events for a social cause - such as anniversaries, weddings and others - to mobilize their network of contacts by proposing that their acquaintances ache for their campaign instead of giving them on their birthday. The experiences in the accomplishment of digital campaigns in favor of social organizations in the mentioned enterprise, they have presented problems related to the financial performance of the campaigns. Therefore, this research was carried out with the objective of proposing guidelines and practices that will enhance the success of this type of online collection. As a model pioneered in the country, as a methodology, we chose the strategy of multiple case studies based on YIN (1994) in which, together with the study of the startup Eventos do Bem, we selected the platform American Charity: Water, reference in P2P fundraising. As units of analysis, the campaigns of raising were carried out in both platforms, focusing on the category of birthday campaigns.Therefore, the study\'s path was delineated in the phases: (a) analysis of the startup experience of the Good Events, in parallel with the reading of the relevant theoretical reference; (B) research and selection of the Charity: Water platform; (C) study and performance of 46 interviews, comprising 6 interviews with Charity: Water employees and 40 interviews with fundraisers on both platforms; (D) analysis of factors and practices influencing the campaigns promoted in the cases addressed; (E) cross-case study and analysis of the results obtained. As a result, a procedure of good practices was designed to potentiate fundraising P2P performance, highlighting actions regarding the individual interaction of the campaigner with his entire network of contacts, a persistence without request and realization of a speech of the Request Of giving with quality, is, and presents arguments to persuade donors more emotional as also the most rational and logical. In this way, the study contributed to expand the online fundraising debate and points out innovations of the P2P technique regarding the mechanics of the decision process to donate and demonstrates that the technique can provide results that go beyond fundraising, Stimulating greater social engagement of participants.

Com o advento da internet, surgem no campo da filantropia plataformas digitais que utilizam o poder de mobilização de indivíduos da web 2.0 para apoiar financeiramente projetos socioambientais. Esta dissertação tem por base as experiências da startup Eventos do Bem, que utiliza o método de angariação online Peer-to- Peer (P2P). A abordagem digital do método de captação de recursos P2P consiste na elaboração de campanhas promovidas por indivíduos online os quais podem utilizar seus eventos pessoais prol de uma causa social - como aniversários, casamentos entre outros - para mobilizar sua rede de contatos propondo que seus conhecidos doem para sua campanha ao invés de os presentearem no aniversário. As experiências na realização de campanhas digitais em prol de organizações sociais no referido empreendimento, elucubraram problemas relativos à performance financeira das campanhas. Logo, esta pesquisa foi realizada com o objetivo de propor diretrizes e práticas que potencializem o sucesso deste tipo de arrecadação online. Visto ser um modelo aplicado de forma pioneira no país, como metodologia, optou-se pela estratégia de estudos de caso múltiplos com base em YIN (1994) na qual, em conjunto com o estudo da startup Eventos do Bem, selecionou-se a plataforma estadunidense Charity:Water, referência em angariação P2P. Como unidades de análise, foram abordadas as campanhas de angariação realizadas em ambas as plataformas, focando na categoria de campanhas de aniversário. Logo, o trajeto desta pesquisa delineou-se nas fases: (a) análise da experiência da startup Eventos do Bem, em paralelo com a leitura do referencial teórico pertinente; (b) pesquisa e seleção da plataforma Charity:Water; (c) estudo e realização de 46 entrevistas, compondo-se em 6 entrevistas com funcionários do Charity:Water e 40 efetivadas com criadores de campanhas de aniversário em ambas as plataformas; (d) análise de fatores e práticas influenciadoras das campanhas promovidas nos casos abordados; (e) estudo cross- case e análise dos resultados obtidos. Como resultado da pesquisa, foi delineado um procedimento de boas práticas para potencializar a performance das campanhas digitais, destacando-se ações referentes à interação individual do criador da campanha com toda a sua rede de contatos, a persistência no pedido e a realização de um discurso do pedido de doação com qualidade, isto é, que apresente argumentos para persuadir doadores mais emocionais como também os mais racionais e lógicos. Desta forma, o estudo contribuiu para expandir o debate de captação de recursos online e aponta inovações da técnica P2P no que tange à mecânica do processo de decisão para doar e demonstra que a técnica pode fornecer resultados que vão além da angariação de recursos, estimulando maior engajamento social dos participantes. / With the advent of the Internet, philanthropy is emerging in digital platforms that use the mobilization power of web 2.0 individuals to financially support social and environmental projects. This dissertation is based on the experiences of the startup Eventos do Bem, which uses the Peer-to-Peer (P2P) online raising method. The digital approach of the P2P method of fundraising consists of the elaboration of campaigns promoted by individuals online who can use their personal events for a social cause - such as anniversaries, weddings and others - to mobilize their network of contacts by proposing that their acquaintances ache for their campaign instead of giving them on their birthday. The experiences in the accomplishment of digital campaigns in favor of social organizations in the mentioned enterprise, they have presented problems related to the financial performance of the campaigns. Therefore, this research was carried out with the objective of proposing guidelines and practices that will enhance the success of this type of online collection. As a model pioneered in the country, as a methodology, we chose the strategy of multiple case studies based on YIN (1994) in which, together with the study of the startup Eventos do Bem, we selected the platform American Charity: Water, reference in P2P fundraising. As units of analysis, the campaigns of raising were carried out in both platforms, focusing on the category of birthday campaigns.Therefore, the study\'s path was delineated in the phases: (a) analysis of the startup experience of the Good Events, in parallel with the reading of the relevant theoretical reference; (B) research and selection of the Charity: Water platform; (C) study and performance of 46 interviews, comprising 6 interviews with Charity: Water employees and 40 interviews with fundraisers on both platforms; (D) analysis of factors and practices influencing the campaigns promoted in the cases addressed; (E) cross-case study and analysis of the results obtained. As a result, a procedure of good practices was designed to potentiate fundraising P2P performance, highlighting actions regarding the individual interaction of the campaigner with his entire network of contacts, a persistence without request and realization of a speech of the Request Of giving with quality, is, and presents arguments to persuade donors more emotional as also the most rational and logical. In this way, the study contributed to expand the online fundraising debate and points out innovations of the P2P technique regarding the mechanics of the decision process to donate and demonstrates that the technique can provide results that go beyond fundraising, Stimulating greater social engagement of participants.

Several theorists have argued that organisations can increase performance through formalised cooperation with other important organisations (Baum & Oliver 1991). This notion of “institutional linkages” is appealing as it uses linkages as a proxy for legitimacy awarded to organisations for adherence to exogenous expectations. However, this operationalization also has its limitations. For what is the role of institutional linkages in groups of organisations where a majority of them – or all – are linked? Baum & Oliver (1991) provide meagre advice for what is to expect beyond the point of organisations being legitimate (linked) or not. But if organisations that hold (at least) one institutional linkage perform better than unlinked organisations, should not organisations that have multiple linkages also perform better than those who have but a single one? Intuitively, this seems reasonable. But considering that institutional linkages are associated with costs in terms of additional administration, audit and fees, it is not obvious that organisations desire ‘as many linkages as possible’. Using data for 339 aid organisations in Sweden, this study suggests developing the theoretical concept of institutional linkages, arguing that the number of institutional linkages serves as a prediction of organisational performance. Although further inquiry is needed to determine whether this effect persists as the number of linkages continues to increase, the findings suggest that organisations will strive towards having more institutional linkages than competing organisations.