Submitted by Carolina Neves (carolinapon@uefs.br) on 2017-02-17T23:59:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??oJoseneideAlves.pdf: 3612959 bytes, checksum: a4ba8033510286e66a0d4453ad52d71d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-17T23:59:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??oJoseneideAlves.pdf: 3612959 bytes, checksum: a4ba8033510286e66a0d4453ad52d71d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-08-31 / The biorreduction has great importance in the production of optically pure substances and is widely used for asymmetric synthesis. Bioconversions occur with high specificity and efficiency because they are catalyzed by enzymes, forming one of the isomers from a pro-chiral substrate. This work had as main objective to evaluate the potential reduction of micro-organisms (yeasts, bacteria and fungi) isolated in the state of Bahia using as carbonyl substrate the acetophenone, analyzing its conversion into alcohol and identifying the enantiomeric excess produced. Strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolated from sugar cane brandy distilleries of Bahia state, rhizobacteria isolated from Arachis pintoi (forage peanut) in southern Bahia and endophytic fungi isolated Hevea brasiliensis. The products were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry to verify the conversion of the substrate in alcohol and enantiomeric excess was determined by gas chromatography with chiral stationary phase. Of the 28 microorganisms evaluated 18 acted as biocatalysts. Products of reduction of acetophenone were obtained with yields between 6 and 79% and enantiomeric excess from 41 to 100%. Fungi CDC026, CDC086 and MDF077 converted acetophenone into (R)-alcohol, with ee of 54, 56, and 84%, while the other strains that showed positive results for acetophenone yielded the (S)-alcohol. Whereas 64% of test organisms were able to act as catalysts in the enantioseletive reduction of acetophenone, it was observed that the microbial diversity of the state of Bahia is a source of new catalysts for the production of enantiomeric pure compounds. / A Biorredu??o tem grande import?ncia na produ??o de subst?ncias opticamente puras, sendo amplamente utilizada para s?nteses assim?tricas. As bioconvers?es ocorrem com alta especificidade e efici?ncia por serem catalisadas por enzimas, formando um dos is?meros a partir de um substrato pr?-quiral. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo principal avaliar o potencial redutor dos microrganismos (leveduras, bact?rias e fungos) isolados no territ?rio baiano frente ao substrato carbon?lico acetofenona; verificando a convers?o do substrato (acetofenona) em ?lcool quiral e identificando o excesso enantiom?rico com que as rea??es biocatal?ticas ocorreram. Foram utilizadas culturas de Saccharomyces cerevisiae isoladas em cacha?arias do estado da Bahia, rizobact?rias isoladas no sul da Bahia e fungos endof?ticos. Foi testada a a??o desses microrganismos sobre o substrato acetofenona. Os produtos foram analisados por Cromatografia gasosa acoplada a espetrometria de massa, para verificar a convers?o do substrato em ?lcool; o excesso enantiom?rico foi obtido em cromat?grafo gasoso equipado com coluna quiral obtendo-se separa??o para os is?meros da acetofenona com um excesso enantiom?rico de at? 100%, para a cepa bacteriana I68. Os fungos CDC026 e CDC086 converteram a acetofenona em (R)-?lcool, as demais cepas que apresentaram resultados positivos para aceofenona produziram o (S)-?lcool em excesso. Conclui-se que em geral os microrganismos testados apresentaram boa capacidade de redu??o da acetofenona em experimentos de biotransforma??o, constituindo-se fontes de compostos enantiomericamente puros.

Submitted by Sinomar Soares de Carvalho Silva (sinomaruft@uft.edu.br) on 2017-06-27T11:47:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Gleiciane Pinheiro de Sousa - Disserta????o.pdf: 3074889 bytes, checksum: 81193a097052c44e7946ba0524b13f07 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-27T11:47:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gleiciane Pinheiro de Sousa - Disserta????o.pdf: 3074889 bytes, checksum: 81193a097052c44e7946ba0524b13f07 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-31 / A cana-de-a????car ?? uma das principais culturas do Brasil, principalmente devido ?? produ????o de etanol para uso como biocombust??vel. A convers??o de biomassa lignocelul??sica em etanol e qu??micos renov??veis pode ser obtida por meio da utiliza????o de microrganismos capazes de produzir enzimas lignocelulol??ticas em concentra????es elevadas e serem cultivados em substratos de baixo custo. Microrganismos endof??ticos habitam o interior das plantas sem induzir sintomas de doen??a e sem produzir estruturas externas. O potencial biotecnol??gico de microrganismos endof??ticos de cana-de-a????car tem sido pouco explorado, especialmente quanto ?? capacidade de produ????o de enzimas para desconstru????o de biomassa lignocelul??sica. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar a caracteriza????o molecular e enzim??tica de uma cole????o de fungos isolados de cana-de-a????car, bem como selecionar linhagens promissoras para a hidr??lise enzim??tica de baga??o de cana-de-a????car pr??-tratado por explos??o a vapor. Para tanto, 409 linhagens foram caracterizadas quanto ?? capacidade de hidrolisar polissacar??deos (Avicel; carboximetilcelulose - CMC; xilana; pectina e amido) em meio de cultura s??lido. A caracteriza????o molecular foi realizada por meio de an??lise da sequ??ncia da regi??o ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 do DNA riboss??mico. Linhagens promissoras foram selecionadas para avalia????o do potencial de sacarifica????o (produ????o de celulases por meio de determina????o de FPase - Filter Paper Activity) e hidr??lise enzim??tica de baga??o de cana-de-a????car. O fungo Trichoderma reesei RUT C-30 (ATCC 56765) foi utilizado como controle positivo. De 409 linhagens, 63,57% hidrolisaram CMC, 79,21% xilana, 77,50% pectina e 41,07% amido. O crescimento em Avicel foi observado para 84,60% das linhagens. Os maiores valores de ??ndice enzim??tico foram (3,15???0,12) em CMC; (5,30???1,06) em xilana; (5,00???0,00) em pectina e (2,83???0,23) em amido. Sequ??ncias de qualidade da regi??o ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 do DNA riboss??mico foram obtidas para 296 das 409 linhagens avaliadas. A an??lise filogen??tica permitiu classificar as linhagens ao n??vel de esp??cie. Dos 409 fungos, 20 foram cultivados em meio l??quido contendo baga??o de cana-de-a????car (pr??-tratado por explos??o a vapor, seco e triturado) como fonte de carbono para determina????o do potencial de sacarifica????o (FPase) e de prote??na total. Treze extratos foram escolhidos para realiza????o de experimentos de hidr??lise enzim??tica. Os resultados mostraram que nas condi????es utilizadas (5% de s??lidos, 50 mg de prote??na/g de glicanas, 200 rpm, 50??C por 32 horas), a capacidade hidrol??tica do extrato avaliada pela produ????o de a????cares redutores totais (ART) foi destacada para as linhagens Omnidenptus affinis (94), Talaromyces pinophilus (AR156) e Talaromyces assiutensis (AR264) (ART = 11,77 g/L, 11,53 g/L e 10,11 g/L, respectivamente), quando comparada com a linhagem controle T. reesei RUT C-30 (ART = 11,04 g/L). A quantidade de glicose liberada analisada por Cromatografia L??quida de Alta Efici??ncia (CLAE) foi de 9,33 g/L para a linhagem O. affinis (94), 8,94 g/L para T. pinophilus (AR156) e 7,69 g/L para T. assiutensis (AR264), quando comparada com o extrato de T. reesei RUT C-30 (2,29 g/L). Estes resultados revelam que fungos endof??ticos de cana-de-a????car constituem uma fonte promissora de novas linhagens produtoras de enzimas lignocelulol??ticas para convers??o de baga??o de cana-de-a????car em a????cares fermentesc??veis, no contexto de biorrefinarias. / Sugarcane is one of the main crops in Brazil, mainly due to the production of ethanol for use as biofuel. The conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to ethanol and renewable chemicals can be achieved by using microorganisms capable of producing lignocellulolytic enzymes in high concentrations and grown on low cost substrates. Endophytic microorganisms inhabit the interior of plants without inducing symptoms of disease and without producing external structures. The biotechnological potential of sugarcane endophytic microorganisms has been little explored, especially regarding the production capacity of enzymes for the deconstruction of lignocellulosic biomass. In this context, the objective of this work was to perform the molecular and enzymatic characterization of a collection of fungi isolated from sugarcane, as well as to select promising strains for the enzymatic hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse pretreated by explosion at steam. For this purpose, 409 strains were characterized for the ability to hydrolyze polysaccharides (Avicel; carboxymethylcellulose - CMC; xylan; pectin and starch) in solid culture medium. Molecular characterization was performed by means of sequence analysis of the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region of ribosomal DNA. Promising strains were selected for evaluation of saccharification potential (production of cellulases by means of determination of FPase - Filter Paper Activity) and enzymatic hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse. The fungus Trichoderma reesei RUT C-30 (ATCC 56765) was used as a positive control. In 409 strains, 63,57% hydrolyzed CMC, 79,21% xylan, 77,50% pectin and 41,07% starch. Avicel growth was observed for 84,60% of the strains. The highest values of enzymatic index were (3,15 ?? 0,12) in CMC; (5,30 ?? 1,06) in xylan; (5,00??0,00) in pectin and (2,83??0,23) in starch. Quality sequences of the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region of ribosomal DNA were obtained for 296 of the 409 strains evaluated. The phylogenetic analysis allowed to classify the strains at the species level. Of the 409 fungi, 20 were cultivated in liquid medium containing sugarcane bagasse (pretreated by steam explosion, dry and crushed) as carbon source to determine the potential of saccharification (FPase) and total protein. Thirteen extracts were selected for enzymatic hydrolysis experiments. The results showed that under the conditions used (5% solids, 50 mg protein/g glycans, 200 rpm, 50 ??C for 32 hours), the hydrolytic capacity of the extract evaluated by the production of total reducing sugars (ART) was highlighted for the strains Omnidenptus affinis (94), Talaromyces pinophilus (AR156) and Talaromyces assiutensis (AR264) (ART = 11,77 g/L, 11,53 g/L and 10,11 g/L, respectively), when compared to the control strain T. reesei RUT C-30 (ART = 11,04 g/L). The amount of released glucose analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was 9,33 g/L for the strain O. affinis (94), 8,94 g/L for T. pinophilus (AR156) and 7,69 g/L for T. assiutensis (AR264) when compared to T. reesei extract RUT C-30 2.29 g/L. These results reveal that endophytic fungi of sugarcane constitute a promising source of new lignocellulolytic enzyme producing strains for the conversion of sugarcane bagasse to fermentable sugars in the context of biorefineries.