Thesis--University of Minnesota, 1926. / Bibliography ; numb. 1, 106-124.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Manitoba, 1997. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. Includes bibliographical references.

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Le microbiote intestinal joue un rôle majeur dans le développement des fonctions digestive, métabolique, immunitaire et neurologique de son hôte. Escherichia coli est un hôte commun de la microflore commensale intestinale de l'Homme et des animaux à sang chaud, et s'établit dans le tractus digestif dès les premières heures ou jours qui suivent la naissance. L'espèce E. coli, bactérie anaérobe facultative prévalente, peut être divisée en sept groupes phylogénétiques principaux. Le groupe phylogénétique B2 comprend le plus grand nombre de souches responsables d'infections extra-intestinales (méningites néonatales, infections urinaires, septicémies, ...) ou chroniques (cancers, maladie de Crohn, ...). Des études épidémiologiques récentes montrent que le portage de ces souches est en augmentation dans les pays industrialisés, au détriment du groupe ancestral A. L'objectif de mon projet de thèse était de déterminer les facteurs à l'origine de cette évolution. Une analyse génétique montre que les souches du groupe phylogénétique B2 ont développé une très grande capacité à acquérir le fer, notamment via les sidérophores. Les souches appartenant au groupe B2 sont aussi les seules capables de synthétiser une génotoxine, la colibactine. Celle-ci induit des cassures de l'ADN double brin dans les cellules eucaryotes, pouvant être à l'origine de cancers colorectaux ou d'un défaut de développement de la barrière intestinale. Les sidérophores et la colibactine appartiennent à la même famille de molécules, i.e. des hybrides polycétide-peptide non ribosomaux. Leur biosynthèse fait intervenir des enzymes multifonctionnelles qui doivent être activées par fixation covalente d'un groupement 4'-phosphopantethéïnyl (P-pant). Cette modification post-traductionnelle est catalysée par la 4'-phosphopantethéïnyl transférase (PPTase). La PPTase ClbA est impliquée dans la synthèse de colibactine. La PPTase impliquée dans celle des sidérophores est EntD. Récemment, notre équipe a montré que ClbA pouvait participer à la synthèse des sidérophores, et remplacer EntD. Ceci montrait pour la première fois une connexion entre les multiples voies nécessitant des PPTases et conduisant à la biosynthèse de métabolites secondaires fonctionnellement distincts dans un micro-organisme donné. Dans la mesure où l'expression de entD et la synthèse des sidérophores sont régulées par la disponibilité en fer, nous avons fait l'hypothèse que l'expression de clbA et synthèse de la colibactine étaient également régulées par la quantité de fer. / The intestinal microbiota, i.e. the microorganisms present in the intestinal tract, plays a major role in diverse host functions: digestive, metabolic, immune and neurologic. Escherichia coli is a normal inhabitant of the commensal intestinal microflora of the human and mammals, and colonizes the gut within few days after birth. E. coli can be classified into 7 major phylogenetic groups. The B2 group contains the highest number of strains responsible for chronic (cancers, Crohn's disease, ...) or extra-intestinal infections (neonatal meningitis, septicemia, urinary tract infections, ...). Epidemiologic studies demonstrated that the prevalence of the B2 strains increases in industrialized countries, to the detriment of the ancestral A group. The objective of this study was to determine the factors involved in this evolution. Genetic analysis showed that strains from the phylogenetic B2 group have high capacities to take up iron through numerous siderophores. Moreover, only B2 strains are able to produce the genotoxin colibactin, which induces double strand brakes DNA in eukaryotic cells, leading to colorectal cancers or to altered development of the intestinal barrier. Siderophores and colibactin belong to the same family of molecules, i.e. hybrid polyketide-non ribosomal peptide. Their biosynthesis involves multifunctional enzymes that need to be activated by the covalent binding of a 4'-phosphopantetheinyl moiety. This post-translational modification is catalyzed by 4'-phosphopantetheinyl transferase (PPTase). The PPTase involved in colibactin and in siderophore biosynthesis are ClbA and EntD respectively Our team has recently demonstrated that ClbA can sustain siderophores biosynthesis, and replaces EntD, highlighting a connexion between multiple pathways and leading to the biosynthesis of distinct secondary metabolites in a given micro-organism. Because entD expression and siderophores synthesis are regulated by iron availability, we hypothesized that ClbA and colibactin are also regulated by iron availability. In this study, we show that transcription of clbA and colibactin production decreased in presence of high iron availability, and this regulation occurred through two pathways: dependent and independent on the two major regulators of iron homeostasis, FUR (Ferric Uptake Regulator) and RyhB. This regulation could allow a fine tuning production of siderophores and colibactin, and give an advantage in the establishment of intestinal tract colonization. The potential role of the colibactin in the establishment of intestinal tract colonization by E. coli constitutes the second part of my work.

Please read the abstract in the section 00front of this document / Dissertation (MSc (Zoology))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Zoology and Entomology / unrestricted

This thesis examines the study and management of Alaskan fur seals from 1867 to 1914. Government involvement in resource conservation expanded during this period, as did the role of experts. Federal officials charged with managing fur seals often sought advice from scientists, and over the years naturalists studied the animals regularly. Despite this apparent cooperation, scientific recommendations rarely took precedence over other considerations. Fur seal history illuminates obstacles facing scientists as they tried, and failed, to control resource use. Scientists often lost credibility as a result of the changing nature of their profession, but, as this study shows, the most important barriers to expert influence were entrenched economic, political, and diplomatic agendas within the federal government. / Master of Arts

published_or_final_version / Business Administration / Master / Master of Business Administration

The fur trade and arrival of the Hudson's Bay Company had numerous effects on northern North American indigenous populations. One such group is the Gwich'in Indians in the northwestern portion of the Northwest Territories. Aside from disease and continued reliance on goods imported from the south, the fur trade disrupted previous economic relationships between indigenous groups. In some examples, the presence of the Hudson's Bay Company furthered tension between indigenous groups as each vied for the control of fur-rich regions and sole access to specific Company posts. However, due to the frontier nature of the Canadian north, the relations between fur trade companies and indigenous peoples was one of mutual accommodation. This was in stark contrast to other European-Indian relations. This paper examines how credit relations between the Hudson's Bay Company and the Gwich'in reveals a model of resistance.

Objects have the power to create a concrete connection to our past - a connection we can hold in our hands. Each object in a family collection is connected to an ancestor and their story. It is these stories that ground us in who we are and where we come from; these stories that create our heritage and identity. The McTavish Collection is made up 159 objects and is housed at the Manitoba Museum. The collection belonged to a prominent fur trade family and has been passed down through five generations of women of mixed Indigenous/European decent. Eighty objects were pulled from the vaults and reunited as a single collection for closer study. An object biography was created using a combination of research techniques and perspectives to piece together a deeper understanding of the life of women of the fur trade era. Through these objects, a story emerged and shone a light on the women who made, collected and used these objects. This is a study of that process and those stories. / May 2017

Corporate Social Responsibility, eller CSR har blivit något av en självklarhet hos företagenidag. Konsumenter accepterar inte barnarbete och de är miljömedvetna. Att ett företag haretiska och moraliska värderingar är inte bara viktigt ur just etiska och moraliska perspektivutan även för att kunna bygga och bevara ett starkt varumärke. Vi tycker att handeln med pälsär ett stort problem. Det finns allvarliga brister i den här branschen. Djur inom pälsindustrinfar illa under processen innan de blivit ett material som används till kläder och andramodeprodukter. Det finns fortfarande människor som inte tror att djur far illa i päls- ochläderindustrin. Det finns alldeles för lite kunskap.Syftet med vårt arbete är att undersöka om det finns ett allmänt intresse att ha medpälshandeln i företags CSR-arbete. Vi vill också ta reda på om ett företags varumärke kangynnas ekonomiskt om de aktivt marknadsför sitt CSR-arbete rörande pälshandeln. Eftersomdet finns bevis på att människor är benägna att reagera på hur djur behandlas så tror vi att detkan finnas ett intresse för utveckling av marknadsföring inom detta område.I vårt arbete har vi använt oss utav litterära och elektroniska källor, vi har även utformat enenkät för en marknadsundersökning. För att kunna analysera och tolka vårmarknadsundersökning har vi använt en modell, mer specifikt Olof Holms Identitet-Profil-Image-modell och ett par vetenskapliga artiklar som handlar bland annat ommarknadsföringen kring CSR-arbete.Slutsatser blev att vi fick svar på våra frågeställningar; allmänheten tror att ett företagsanseende kan förbättras om de aktivt marknadsför sitt CSR-arbete inriktad mot pälshandeln.Men vi märkte emellertid att intresset inte var så stort som vi trott eller hoppats på. Angåendefrågan om ett företag skulle gynnas rent ekonomiskt är vi dock osäkra. Ur enmarknadsföringsvinkel så tenderar folk att inte skapa en handling av sitt ställningstagandetrots att de uppskattar att företag arbetar med CSR-frågor om pälshandeln.Today CSR, Corporate Social Responsibility, is a big, important part for companies.Consumers will not accept child labor or offenses against the environment. That companieshave values that are ethical and moral are important because of two reasons; ethics and moralsis of course one and the fact that it helps them build and keep a strong reliable brand name isthe other. We feel that the fur trade is a big problem. There are serious flaws in the business,mainly in the parts surrounding the treatment of the animals used for production of the fur.Still, there are people who don’t believe that this is happening, there is too little knowledgeamong the general public.The point of this essay is for us to look into the general interest of the fur trade and itsconnection to CSR. We want to know if a fashion company would financially benefit frompromoting a more active work concerning CSR and the fur trade. Since there do existevidence that people do care about the treatment of animals we believe that there can also bean interest of a development in the marketing within this area.For this essay we have used both literary and electronically sources for information. We havealso designed a questionnaire for a market research. To be able to analyze and interpret ourresearch we have worked with a model designed by Olof Holm. The model describes theconnections between a company’s identity, profile and image.Our conclusions of our question formulation turned out to be that the general public believesthat a company’s image can be improved by active marketing for its CSR-work concentratedon the fur trade. However, we noticed that the interest wasn’t as big as what we believed orhoped for. We are also uncertain if a company can financially benefit from this. From amarketing point of view, people tend to not react physically despite their appreciation of a company’s work revolving CSR and the fur trade. / Program: Butikschefsutbildningen