Creating photorealistic animals in computer graphics is common within the VFX industry and is increasing as the technology advances. With CG you can nowadays create almost realistic and believable animals. One of the biggest challenges in creating a realistic animal is creating realistic fur. The question is what challenges poses creating realistic fur and what is the process to achieve it? How does groom affect the other departments in the pipeline such as modeling and texturing, what are things you need to keep in mind when creating fur? In this thesis, the study of recreating a realistic fur for a lion was conducted while examining the challenges posed while creating it. The study shows that grooming demands more out of the other departments and while creating realistic fur is one thing, accomplishing realistic hair within a context such as for a specific animal is an elaborate process which demands both technical and artistic skills in conjunction with a structured approach.

A significant change has occurred over the last forty years in the way archaeological and historical studies have perceived the way Aboriginal groups participated in the Western fur trade, from outdated portrayal of subordinate to a more accurate role as equal partner. A diachronic examination of Fort Churchill Trade Shop (IeKn-61) in northern Manitoba will provide a case study through which the Dene contributed to the market economy of the fur trade while maintaining their traditional modes of subsistence based around the migratory caribou herds of the subarctic. Employing world-systems theory, which attempts to relive the old patterns of thinking, would indicate that the Dene would abandon their central socio-economic on the caribou in favour of the new market economy focused on fur-bearers and European trade goods. However, aspects of this theory show the interconnectedness of the system from which follows that a partnership and control could be held by peripheral groups. A comprehensive analysis using historical, ethnographical and archaeological data sets are employed to determine the presence and degree of participation of the Dene at Fort Churchill through the 19th century. This examination using multiple lines of evidence provides an opportunity for a deeper understanding of Dene decision-making processes.

A significant change has occurred over the last forty years in the way archaeological and historical studies have perceived the way Aboriginal groups participated in the Western fur trade, from outdated portrayal of subordinate to a more accurate role as equal partner. A diachronic examination of Fort Churchill Trade Shop (IeKn-61) in northern Manitoba will provide a case study through which the Dene contributed to the market economy of the fur trade while maintaining their traditional modes of subsistence based around the migratory caribou herds of the subarctic. Employing world-systems theory, which attempts to relive the old patterns of thinking, would indicate that the Dene would abandon their central socio-economic on the caribou in favour of the new market economy focused on fur-bearers and European trade goods. However, aspects of this theory show the interconnectedness of the system from which follows that a partnership and control could be held by peripheral groups. A comprehensive analysis using historical, ethnographical and archaeological data sets are employed to determine the presence and degree of participation of the Dene at Fort Churchill through the 19th century. This examination using multiple lines of evidence provides an opportunity for a deeper understanding of Dene decision-making processes.

Thesis (M.A. in History)--University of California, Berkeley, Dec. 1926. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves [116-131]).

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Alberta, 1967. / Also available online as part of: Our roots/Nos Racines.

This work describes the development of a framework for numerical simulation software, using the finite volume method. A major guideline has been flexibility. The framework is written in C++, making strong use of its object-oriented capabilities. Outlined are the benefits, as well as the pitfalls related to object-oriented programming, if used for numerical simulations. The text explains that flexibility has not only been tried to achieve in terms of software design, but also with respect to the numerical approaches used. The field of application in the scope of this work is computational fluid dynamics. Thus a brief overview over the necessary equations and the employed numerical techniques is given. Furthermore a number of example computations can be found in this text. An important part of this work deals with a novel approach for unstructured mesh generation. The approach is based on multi element type grids and uses level-sets as input to describe the geometry. It is well suited to create anisotropic layers, such as boundary layer grids for fluid dynamics problems. Furthermore it can deal with moving and even topologically changing geometries. In the scope of this work it is limited to two-dimensional problems.

Thesis (M. Sc.)(Zoology)--University of Pretoria, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 113).

The yearly reports of 155 registered trap lines in northern and northeastern British Columbia have been analysed and grouped into seven distinct areas exhibiting physiographic and vegetational differences. The trap line data hate been reduced to production figures, indicating for each species, the number of square miles necessary to produce one pelt. For most species these production figures have been found to be highly variable among the seven sub-areas. An analysis of the region with respect to providing suitable environment for the various species has suggested reasons for production variability. The species coyote, wolf, weasel, squirrel,and muskrat appear to be taken in numbers inversely proportional to the size of trap lines. The, size of lines, in turn, appears to be an expression of the human population density, habitat modification, depletion of populations of expensive fur species, and other factors. The fur species fox, marten, fisher, mink, wolverine, lynx and beaver appear to be taken in numbers proportional to the abundance of the species concerned. Highest production appears to result from the most favourable environmental conditions. Raccoon, otter, skunk, and cougar are not abundant,and the number of pelts produced is low. In Appendix B, the value of fur is examined for a limited area about Fort Nelson. When the value is calculated to compare with wood value from a forest with a 100 year rotation, the fur has a gross value of over eight million dollars. / Science, Faculty of / Zoology, Department of / Graduate

The yearly returns, from 1929 to 1948, of 211 registered traplines in the Coast Forest Region of British Columbia, north of Howe Sound, have been grouped into eleven sections. These data have been reduced to show the average number of square miles, or linear miles, required to produce one pelt per year. These production figures have been analysed and the reasons for differences among sections have been suggested on the basis of known variations in environmental factors. Twenty species occur in this region, of which, eighteen have been studied. These include raccoon, fox, coyote, wolf, marten, fisher, weasel, mink, wolverine, otter, spotted and striped skunks, cougar, lynx, bobcat, squirrel, beaver, and muskrat. The productivity of spotted and striped skunks, bobcat, raccoon, and otter does not appear to be indicative of the abundance of the animals in the areas where they occur. For the latter species the low catch is probably because of the difficulty of skinning the animal and preparing the pelt. The other species seem to be disregarded by the trappers because of the low value of the fur. For the remainder of the species the productivity figures seem to be indicative of abundance, at least in the areas which are accessible to the trappers. The distribution of the species within the Coast Forest has been noted. The fox, coyote, fisher, striped skunk and lynx appear to be confined largely to the inland valleys where the influence of interior forest types is greatest. The raccoon, spotted skunk and bobcat are restricted to the southern regions. The remaining species are of general distribution, with marten, weasel, mink, and otter the only ones present in any number. Insular conditions have not prevented the majority of the coastal species from spreading, except in the case of the Queen Charlotte Islands. Here only three species, marten, otter and weasel are indigenous. / Science, Faculty of / Zoology, Department of / Graduate

Campylobacter jejuni is one of the most frequent causes of gastroenteritis in both the developing and the developed world. Understanding C. jejuni biology is paramount to reducing the amount of Campylobacter jejuni in the food chain, however our understanding of the regulatory networks that enable Campylobacter jejuni to successfully colonize various hosts remains incomplete. Campylobacter jejuni has an absolute requirement for iron in order to grow as iron catalyzes a wide range of essential biochemical reactions. In contrast to many Gram negative bacteria, the genome of Campylobacter jejuni contains two iron activated Fur-family transcriptional regulators, Fur and PerR, which are primarily responsible for regulating iron homeostasis and oxidative stress respectively. We have used an integrated approach that combines genome wide technologies (ChIP-chip, RNA-seq) and structural studies to define the role of iron, Fur and PerR in Campylobacter jejuni. These studies have demonstrated that apo-Fur directly regulates gene transcription in Campylobacter jejuni, identified novel ncRNAs that are Fur and/or iron responsive, and revealed that the Fur and PerR regulons are more extensive than previously characterized. These results provide further insight into the surprisingly complex regulatory networks that allow Campylobacter jejuni to be a successful gut pathogen.