This diploma thesis focuses on G.fast and VDSL2 technologies and their comparison. G.fast has the prerequisites for replacing VDSL2 for short distances. This work describes in detail the modulation techniques of both DSL technologies - DMT modulation used by both technologies. The aim of this work is to create a software for comparing the transfer rates of all profiles of both technologies, including the effects of far-end crosstalk. This is performed in the Matlab environment. This work describes how the program works and how to run the simulations. The results of selected simulations and their charts are enclosed in this work.

Submitted by Cleide Dantas (cleidedantas@ufpa.br) on 2014-07-31T13:19:37Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_SimulacaoAvaliacaoTecnologias.pdf: 1013915 bytes, checksum: da3b515d7ab4934a83707693639a07ea (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Rosa Silva (arosa@ufpa.br) on 2014-09-05T12:15:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_SimulacaoAvaliacaoTecnologias.pdf: 1013915 bytes, checksum: da3b515d7ab4934a83707693639a07ea (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-09-05T12:15:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_SimulacaoAvaliacaoTecnologias.pdf: 1013915 bytes, checksum: da3b515d7ab4934a83707693639a07ea (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / A crescente demanda por capacidade vem levando os padrões de comunicação sem-fio a prover suporte para a coexistência de macro e pico células. O backhaul, conexão entre a rede de acesso e o núcleo da rede, é de grande interesse neste contexto devido aos diversos desafios técnicos e financeiros envolvidos ao tentar satisfazer o crescente tráfego dos usuários. Fibra óptica e micro-ondas com linha de visada são as opções mais amplamente adotadas para o backhaul de macro-células. Contudo, em muitas situações de interesse prático, estas não são factíveis devido aos altos custos e logística envolvidos. Este trabalho avalia o backhaul de pico-células, focando primeiramente na utilização de cobre como backhaul. O simulador OPNET foi utilizado para avaliar os requerimentos de backhaul para redes móveis em cenários específicos considerando garantir qualidade de serviço para os diversos tipos de tráfego envolvidos. Assumindo demandas de tráfego para LTE e LTE-Advanced, as tecnologias VDSL2 e G.fast são avaliadas e os resultados mostram que mesmo com uma grande demanda de aplicações de vídeo de alta definição, estas tecnologias podem acomodar o tráfego no backhaul de pico-células. VDSL2 é capaz de prover as taxas requeridas para cenários de pico-células LTE, mas não é capaz de acomodar tráfego LTE-Advanced típico. Por outro lado, considerando as taxas atingidas com a tecnologia G.fast, o tráfego backhaul para pico-células LTE-Advanced pode ainda ser entregue com garantias de qualidade de serviço. Neste trabalho também é proposta uma solução para simulação de cenários contendo redes de acesso heterogêneas considerando backhaul LTE sem linha de visada. São demonstrados também os resultados de simulações no OPNET com o backhaul LTE proposto para validar a solução proposta como capaz de caracterizar o tráfego de ambas as tecnologias WiFi e LTE na rede de acesso de acordo com o tipo de serviço. / The increasing demand for capacity has been driving the wireless communication standards to provide support to the coexistence of macro and small cells. The backhaul, which is the link between the radio access network and the backbone, is of particular interest due to the many involved technical challenges on keeping up with the user demand for bandwidth. Line-of-sight microwave radio and optical fiber are the preferred choices and widely adopted for the mobile backhaul (MBH) of macrocells. However, in many situations of practical interest, both options are not feasible due to cost and logistics. This work evaluates the backhaul of small cells, focusing on the adoption of copper pairs. Opnet was also used to evaluate copper MBH requirements in specific scenarios taking into consideration QoS provisioning. Assuming traffic demands for LTE and LTE-Advanced, VDSL2 and G.fast technologies are evaluated and the results show that even with a heavy load of video, these technologies can accommodate the small cell MBH traffic. VDSL2 is capable of delivering the required data rates for LTE small cell scenarios but not if considered LTE-Advanced traffic. Otherwise, if considered G.fast data rates, backhaul traffic for LTE-Advanced small cells can still be delivered by xDSL technology with QoS guaranteed. Also, this work enables the implementation of heterogeneous access networks scenarios considering LTE NLOS out-of-band backhaul. A solution of LTE backhaul implementation in OPNET is proposed and simulations are performed to validate such solution as a QoS-aware LTE Backhaul for WiFi and LTE radio access technologies.

This semester work focuses on the basic characteristics of the VDSl2 and G.fast technologies that allow to transfer data using old telephone lines. The theoretical part of the work describes the main parameters of all currently known profiles for VDSL and G.fast. There is also a description of DMT modulation, used in both types of DSL connections. Moreover, the theoretical part presents a vectoring technique that helps to increase the data transfer rate using a twisted pair. The work also provides methods for testing networks using the recommendations of RFC 2455, ITU-T Y.1564 and RFC6349. The practical part of this thesis contains all conducted tests and measuring, which were described in detail. The results od these tests were presented in the format of graphs and tables.

Submitted by Rosana Moreira (rosanapsm@outlook.com) on 2018-07-18T20:35:14Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Tese_ModellingMitigationAlien.pdf: 3291316 bytes, checksum: ebf7063697382b3f3868d4b8e6d3faa0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciclea Silva (luci@ufpa.br) on 2018-07-19T12:20:20Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Tese_ModellingMitigationAlien.pdf: 3291316 bytes, checksum: ebf7063697382b3f3868d4b8e6d3faa0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-19T12:20:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Tese_ModellingMitigationAlien.pdf: 3291316 bytes, checksum: ebf7063697382b3f3868d4b8e6d3faa0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-11 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / G.fast é o padrão mais recente do ITU-T para transmissões DSL, o qual e destinado para topologias do cobre de curtas distâncias e adota uma largura de banda de 106 MHz, que pode ser extendida at é 212 MHz. Em muitas situações os sistemas G.fast serão compostos ou coexistirão com linhas não-coordenadas (o linhas alien), as quais são fonte de forte crosstalk, pois estas linhas não fazem parte do grupo vetorizado. Este documento apresenta uma formula ção que explica o desempenho de m étodos de mitiga ção de alien crosstalk de acordo com o n úmero de linhas alien no ambiente, o mecanismo que defi ne a correla ção desta interferência e um m étodo de mitiga ção de alien crosstalk para transmissões DSL na dire ção de downstream afetadas por m últiplos interferentes, chamado AMMIS. Os resultados das simula c~oes mostram que os m étodos de mitiga c~ao de alien crosstalk encontrados na literatura podem de fato melhorar o desempenho de sistemas G.fast, mas apenas em condi ções específi cas. N os contrastamos estas situa c~oes e apresentamos diretrizes acerca da viabilidade destas t écnicas de mitigação em cen ários com n úmeros distintos de linhas alien. Adicionalmente, o AMMIS apresenta resultados promissores em rela c~ao a taxa de dados quando comparado com os m etodos encontrados na literatura em cen arios com grande quantidade de interferentes, com a vantagem adicional de ainda possibilitar economia de energia. Como suporte para as simula ções, tamb ém apresentamos um conjunto de medi ções de alien crosstalk. / G.fast is the most recent ITU-T standard for DSL transmission, which targets copper topologies with short distances and adopts a bandwidth of 106 MHz extensible to 212 MHz. In several situations, G.fast systems will be composed by or coexist with uncoordinated (or alien) lines, which are sources of strong crosstalk, because these lines are not part of the vectored group. This document presents a formulation to explain the performance of the alien crosstalk mitigation methods according to the number of alien lines in a certain environment, the mechanism that de nes the interference correlation of it and an alien crosstalk mitigation method for downstream DSL transmission impaired by multiple interferers called AMMIS. Simulation results show that alien crosstalk mitigation methods found in the literature can indeed improve the performance of G.fast systems, but only under speci c conditions. We have contrasted these situations and we provide guidelines about the feasibility of the crosstalk mitigation techniques in scenarios with distinct number of alien lines. Additionally, the AMMIS shows promising results in relation to the bit rate when compared with literature methods in scenarios with a large number of interferers, with the additional advantage of allows power savings. As support for the simulations, we also present a set of alien crosstalk measurements.

Submitted by Edisangela Bastos (edisangela@ufpa.br) on 2015-05-19T21:56:01Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 22974 bytes, checksum: 99c771d9f0b9c46790009b9874d49253 (MD5) Tese_ModelosParametricosSimples.pdf: 3699932 bytes, checksum: c395418394ea95397d4d13feb967eeab (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Rosa Silva (arosa@ufpa.br) on 2015-05-20T14:24:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 22974 bytes, checksum: 99c771d9f0b9c46790009b9874d49253 (MD5) Tese_ModelosParametricosSimples.pdf: 3699932 bytes, checksum: c395418394ea95397d4d13feb967eeab (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-20T14:24:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 22974 bytes, checksum: 99c771d9f0b9c46790009b9874d49253 (MD5) Tese_ModelosParametricosSimples.pdf: 3699932 bytes, checksum: c395418394ea95397d4d13feb967eeab (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / O G.fast é um novo padrão da União Internacional de Telecomunicações que almeja atingir 1 Gb/s sobre enlaces de cobre curtos, utilizando freqüências de até 212 MHz. Essa nova tecnologia requer modelos paramétricos precisos de cabo para fins de projeto, simulação e testes de avaliação de desempenho. A maioria dos modelos de cabo de cobre foram desenvolvidos focando o espectro VDSL - isto é, freqüências de até 30 MHz - e adotam suposições que são violadas quando a faixa de freqüência é estendida para freqüências G.fast. Esta tese apresenta novos modelos de cabo simples e causais capazes de caracterizar com precisão enlaces de cobre compostos por segmentos individuais ou múltiplos, tanto no domínio do tempo quanto no domínio da freqüência. Resultados utilizando as topologias de referência do padrão G.fast mostram que, além de serem precisos, os novos modelos são atrativos devido ao baixo custo computacional e fórmulas fechadas para ajuste de seus parâmetros junto a dados medidos. / The G.fast is a new standard from the International Telecommunication Union that targets 1 Gb/s over short copper loops, using frequencies up to 212 MHz. This new technology requires accurate parametric cable models for simulation, design and performance evaluation tests. Most existing copper cable models were designed for the VDSL spectra - i.e., frequencies up to 30 MHz - and adopt assumptions that are violated when the frequency range is extended to G.fast frequencies. This thesis presents new simple and causal cable models that are able to accurately characterize copper loops composed by single or multiple segments, in both frequency and time domains. Results using G.fast topologies show that, besides being accurate, the new models are attractive due to their low computational cost and closed-form expressions for fitting their parameters to measurement data.

Submitted by camilla martins (camillasmmartins@gmail.com) on 2017-03-28T14:12:26Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_ComparacaoRS+TCMLDPC.pdf: 893867 bytes, checksum: 0e75a129249af6c11b8245bcb9bf9e5b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Edisangela Bastos (edisangela@ufpa.br) on 2017-03-28T14:47:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_ComparacaoRS+TCMLDPC.pdf: 893867 bytes, checksum: 0e75a129249af6c11b8245bcb9bf9e5b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-28T14:47:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_ComparacaoRS+TCMLDPC.pdf: 893867 bytes, checksum: 0e75a129249af6c11b8245bcb9bf9e5b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-01 / CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / A necessidade de velocidades de conexão a internet cada vez maiores motivou a criação de um novo padrão, G.fast, para DSL (linha digital do assinante), de modo a prover performance semelhante a fibra usando par trançado de fios de cobre. Esta dissertação foca em dois prévios candidatos a esquemas de correção de erro, sendo eles codigos Reed-Solomon com modulaçao codificada em treliça (TCM), de padrões DSL anteriores, e códigos de verificação de paridade de baixa densidade (LDPC), do padrão G.hn para redes residenciais. O objetivo principal é comparar os dois esquemas, de modo a avaliar qual deles tem melhor performance, considerando métricas como poder de correção de erro e custo computacional. Embora o código selecionado para o G.fast já tenha sido RS+TCM, acredita-se que esta decisão foi tendenciosa, já que é sabido que códigos mais recentes como LDPC possuem maior poder correção. / The need for increasing internet connection speeds motivated the creation of a new standard, G.fast, for digital subscriber lines (DSL), in order to provide fiber-like performance using short twisted pair copper wires. This dissertation focuses in the two former candidate codes for the forward error correction (FEC) scheme, namely Reed-Solomon (RS) with trellis-coded modulation (TCM), from previous DSL standards, and low density parity check (LDPC) codes, from the G.hn standard for home networking. The main objective is to compare both schemes, in order to evaluate which of them performs better, considering metrics such as error correction performance and computational cost. Even though the selected code for G.fast was RS with TCM, it is believed that this choice was biased, as a more recent iterative code like LDPC is known to have a better error correction performance.

The master thesis deals with G.fast and G.mgfast transmission technologies, including their parameters. The work deals with the principle of vector DMT modulation and the possibility of time duplex TDD and full-duplex FDX in two-way communication used in these technologies. The following is a description of the line using the KHM model, which is suitable for simulations in the transmission band using G.fast and G.mgfast technologies. Subsequently, the disturbing effects of crosstalk at the near end of NEXT and the far end of FEXT and their elimination with these technologies are discussing. Part of the work explains supporting calculations to determine the SNR and bit allocation to calculate the baud rate. The work describes the methods of compensation of crosstalk FEXT and NEXT, which affect the resulting baud rate. The work also includes an application for simulation of transmission speed as a function of distance for G.fast and G.mgfast technologies, allowing changing input parameters and adjusting the transmission bandwidth based on G.9700 and G.9701 standards. Also, in work, an application is created to display the compensation of the influence of the transmitted signal crosstalk FEXT and NEXT, which allow the import of measured crosstalk between individual participants. The issue of influencing crosstalk for accurate measurements in the laboratory is also discussing. An application in the MATLAB environment is creating to display the measured characteristics.

Submitted by Edisangela Bastos (edisangela@ufpa.br) on 2014-01-13T19:50:22Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_ProjetoImplementacaoDSP.pdf: 2021380 bytes, checksum: 2d32d5c81f5dd54fd2354280c6ac7e8c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Rosa Silva(arosa@ufpa.br) on 2014-01-17T13:31:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_ProjetoImplementacaoDSP.pdf: 2021380 bytes, checksum: 2d32d5c81f5dd54fd2354280c6ac7e8c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-01-17T13:31:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_ProjetoImplementacaoDSP.pdf: 2021380 bytes, checksum: 2d32d5c81f5dd54fd2354280c6ac7e8c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / As redes de acesso usando cabos de cobre atualmente utilizam bandas de frequência até 30 MHz, especificada no padrão VDSL2. À medida que arquiteturas híbridas de fibra e cobre se tornam mais proeminentes na indústria e academia, torna-se possível utilizar cabos metálicos mais curtos (i.e. até 250 metros) conectando o último ponto de distribuição aos usuários, de modo que frequências mais altas podem ser exploradas para se alcançar taxas de transmissão de dados de 500 Mbps ou mais, como é o caso do padrão G.fast atualmente em desenvolvimento no ITU-T. Nesse trabalho, um simulador no domínio do tempo foi desenvolvido para avaliar a capacidade do sistema G.fast com diferentes tamanhos de extensão cíclica e diferentes topologias de rede especificadas pelo ITU-T. Os resultados das simulações mostram que sistemas G.fast são robustos a bridged taps e capazes de atingir altas taxas de dados para todas as topologias simuladas, provendo suporte à próxima geração de serviços de banda larga. Além disso, esse trabalho descreve o progresso da implementação de um protótipo de modem baseado no padrão G.fast em um ambiente híbrido de DSP multicore e FPGA utilizando kits de avaliação adquiridos pela UFPA. Arquiteturas, protocolos de comunicação e benchmarks são apresentados e avaliados para se chegar à conclusão de que tal protótipo é factível e fornece suporte flexível a várias linhas de pesquisa em banda larga da próxima geração. / The evolving broadband access systems using copper networks are currently deployed in a frequency band that goes up to 30 MHz, as specified in VDSL2. As hybrid fiber-copper architectures become more important in the industry and academia, using shorter loop lengths (i.e. up to 250 meters) from the last distribution point to users enables adopting even higher frequencies to achieve very high data rates of 500 Mbps and beyond, as is the case with the G.fast standard under development by ITU-T. In this work, a time-domain simulator has been developed to evaluate G.fast system performance with different cyclic extension lengths and different reference loop topologies specified by ITU-T. The simulation results show that G.fast systems are robust to bridged taps and capable of providing very high data rates for all simulated loop topologies to support next generation ultra high speed broadband services. Furthermore, this work describes an ongoing effort to implement a G.fast-based modem protototype in a hybrid multicore DSP and FPGA environment using readily-available evaluation kits purchased by UFPA. Architecture plans, communication protocols and benchmarks are presented and evaluated to conclude that such a prototype is both feasible and flexible to support several avenues of research in next generation broadband.

Submitted by Hellen Luz (hellencrisluz@gmail.com) on 2017-10-02T17:05:11Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_TechniquesDownstreamRate.pdf: 1238526 bytes, checksum: 6b7ca82987aca1343ace4357e45edf39 (MD5) / Rejected by Irvana Coutinho (irvana@ufpa.br), reason: Devolvendo... on 2017-10-03T14:13:39Z (GMT) / Submitted by Hellen Luz (hellencrisluz@gmail.com) on 2017-10-03T14:15:04Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_TechniquesDownstreamRate.pdf: 1238526 bytes, checksum: 6b7ca82987aca1343ace4357e45edf39 (MD5) / Rejected by Edisangela Bastos (edisangela@ufpa.br), reason: on 2017-10-10T17:03:03Z (GMT) / Submitted by Hellen Luz (hellencrisluz@gmail.com) on 2017-10-16T14:12:59Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_TechniquesDownstreamRate.pdf: 1238526 bytes, checksum: 6b7ca82987aca1343ace4357e45edf39 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Edisangela Bastos (edisangela@ufpa.br) on 2017-11-13T15:44:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_TechniquesDownstreamRate.pdf: 1238526 bytes, checksum: 6b7ca82987aca1343ace4357e45edf39 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-13T15:44:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_TechniquesDownstreamRate.pdf: 1238526 bytes, checksum: 6b7ca82987aca1343ace4357e45edf39 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-10 / FADESP - Fundação de Amparo e Desenvolvimento da Pesquisa / Conforme a tecnologia DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) atinge o seu limite de largura de banda física e o modelo Fiber-to-the-Home (FTTH) se torna um substituto em potencial, novas técnicas são desenvolvidas para lidar com as exigências da indústria de acesso à Internet. Nesse contexto, o padrão recém acordado do International Telecommunication Union (ITU), o G.9700 (G.fast) traz para a rede de cobre uma renovação de sua vida útil, com o uso de técnicas como o Vectoring. Esta, apesar de ser uma ferramenta poderosa para que DSL se torne uma tecnologia competitiva para a fibra óptica, ainda deve lidar com o problema de que os assinantes podem obter taxas diferentes em seus CPEs (Customer Premises Equipments), causado principalmente por aspectos físicos do canal. Com isso em mente, este trabalho propõe métodos para balancear as taxas entregues às linhas dos usuários no downstream. Isso é feito por meio de diferentes ordenações das colunas da matriz do canal, em cenários que utilizam o Precoder Tomlinson-Harashima (THP) até 200 MHz. Simulações foram feitas usando cada método de balanceamento de taxas em seis cabos medidos, a fim de demonstrar os progressos de cada método. Estas simulações são estendidas para o ainda não validado cenário Near-Far, que tenta representar as situações em que algumas linhas têm comprimento maior do que outras, e serve apenas como referência. Os métodos propostos produziram resultados promissores de balanceamento, com reduções de até 95,79% do desvio padrão para o cabo Swisscom I51, quando se comparando resultados de um método de algoritmo genético com aqueles do THP. / As the DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) technology reaches its physical bandwidth limit and the Fiber-to-the-Home (FTTH) model becomes a potential substitute, new techniques and standards are developed to cope with the requirements from the Internet access industry. In this context, the newly agreed G.9700 (G.fast) standard, from the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), brings to the copper plant a renewal of its lifespan with the use of techniques such as Vectoring. Although Vectoring is a powerful tool for DSL to become a competitive technology for optical fiber, it must deal with the problem that subscribers still may get differing rates at their CPEs (Customer Premises Equipment), caused mainly by physical aspects of the channel. With that in mind, this work proposes methods of balancing the achievable rates delivered to user lines at Downstream. This is done by using different column sortings of the channel matrix, in scenarios that utilize the Tomlinson-Harashima Precoder (THP) up to 200 MHz. Simulations using each rate balancing method on six measured cables are made in order to show each method’s progress. These simulations are extended to the Near-Far Scenario, which tries to resemble the situations where some lines have greater length than others, that is, differing distances between the CPE and the DSLAM (Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer). The proposed methods yielded promising balancing result, with reductions of up to 95.79% of the standard deviation for the Swisscom I51 cable, when comparing results of a genetic algorithm method with those of the THP.