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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Linkages between U.S Cross-border Portfolio Equity Flows and Equity Markets

French, Joseph Jerome 18 May 2007 (has links)
There is an ongoing debate over the role that equity markets play in determining and influencing international equity flows. The first chapter of this dissertation describes the large portfolio equity flows into China and India, in order to understand the buying behavior of US investors. The rapid growth of the Chinese and Indian economies, coupled with the recent development and liberalization of their financial markets has attracted significant portfolio investment from U.S. investors. It is commonly assumed that domestic investors have an informational advantage over foreign investors; however, some recent empirical literature has questioned this assumption. Essay one dissects the nature of the relationship between foreign equity flows, equity returns, and related variables. The results of my empirical investigation provides evidence that U.S. institutional investors are making investment decisions based on long-run determinants of value rather than responding to price signals or ‘chasing returns'. I anticipate that the strong relationship between equity flows and fundamentals will strengthen as information asymmetries decline and US investors continue to develop more sophisticated methods of assessing underlying value in China and India. The second essay of this dissertation explores a new panel data set based on US gross cross-border equity flows to 20 industrialized nations combined with measures of market valuation for the period of 1977-2005. Empirical evidence of imperfect integration across world equity markets indicates that valuation matters. Consistent with relative value trading as a determinant of equity flow patterns, I find that equity flows decrease sharply with host-country market valuations—in particular the component of valuation that is forecasted to revert the following year. I also find that equity flows increase sharply with US equity market valuations. These results suggest the existence of a valuation channel for cross-border equity flows. The findings of this chapter show that US investors are informed about both domestic markets and foreign markets. Peripheral findings of this essay confirm the findings of other researches, but with a longer sample period. Consistent with existing literature, I find a negative influence of interest rates spreads, and information asymmetries on cross-border trade in equities.
2

Asset pricing under asymmetric information

Häfke, Christian, Sögner, Leopold January 1999 (has links) (PDF)
This article investigates the impacts of asymmetric information within a Lucas (1978) asset pricing economy. Asymmetry enters via the assumption that one group of agents is equipped with superior information about the dividend process. The agents maximize their lifetime utility of the underlying consumption process obtained from the agents' budget constraints, where the agents have the opportunity to invest in a risk asset to transfer income from the current to future periods. Since a closed form solution for the market price cannot be derived analytically, projection methods are applied, as described in Judd (1998), to approximate the expectation integrals in the agents' Euler equation. We derive the result that the informed trader only clearly improves his situation as compared to the non-trade situation if the uninformed trader only observes his own endowment but not the endowment of the informed trader. In the case where agents observe each others' endowment trade never results in a Pareto improvement. (auhtor's abstract) / Series: Working Papers SFB "Adaptive Information Systems and Modelling in Economics and Management Science"
3

Cointegration and exchange market efficiency. An analysis of high frequency data.

Trapletti, Adrian, Geyer, Alois, Leisch, Friedrich January 1999 (has links) (PDF)
A cointegration analysis on a triangle of high frequency exchange rates is presented. Market efficiency requires the triangle to be cointegrated and the cointegration term to be a martingale difference sequence. We find empirical evidence against market efficiency for very short time horizons: The cointegration term does not behave like a martingale difference sequence. In an out-of-sample forecasting study the cointegrated vector autoregressive (VAR) model is found to be superior to the naive martingale. Finally, a simple trading strategy shows that the VAR also has a significant forecast value in economic terms even after accounting for transaction costs. (author's abstract) / Series: Working Papers SFB "Adaptive Information Systems and Modelling in Economics and Management Science"
4

Illiquidity or credit deterioration: A study of liquidity in the US corporate bond market during financial crises

Friewald, Nils, Jankowitsch, Rainer, Subrahmanyam, Marti G. 07 1900 (has links) (PDF)
We analyze whether liquidity is an important price factor in the US corporate bond market. In particular, we focus on whether liquidity effects are more pronounced in periods of financial crises, and especially, for bonds with high credit risk. We use a unique data set covering more than 20,000 bonds, between October 2004 and December 2008. We employ a wide range of liquidity measures and and that liquidity effects account for approximately 14% of the explained market-wide corporate yield spread changes. Moreover, we find that the economic impact of the liquidity measures is significantly larger in periods of crisis and for speculative grade bonds. (authors' abstract)
5

The effects of venture capital syndicate diversity on earnings management and performance of IPOs in the US and UK: An institutional perspective

Chahine, Salim, Arthurs, Johnathan D., Filatotchev, Igor, Hoskisson, Robert E. January 2012 (has links) (PDF)
This study examines the extent to which principal-principal agency conflicts within venture capital (VC) syndicates lead to additional principal-agent conflicts in IPO firms in two institutional contexts. Using a matched sample of 274 VC-backed IPOs in the US and the UK, it shows that the diversity of a VC syndicate increases pre-IPO discretionary current accruals, used as a proxy for earnings management, but the impact of such diversity is higher in the US. There is also evidence of higher underpricing and lower aftermarket performance in firms with higher earnings management and VC diversity, and these negative performance effects are also higher in the US. Our findings indicate that local and informal institutions have a significant effect on multiple agency conflicts in IPO firms and performance outcomes.
6

Oral health-related quality of life is associated with disease specific parameters in patients with ankylosing spondylitis

Douglas, Donya 06 August 2020 (has links)
AS-Patienten leiden häufig unter schlechten Mundgesundheitsverhältnissen, die sich möglicherweise auch in einer beeinträchtigten mundgesundheitsbezogenen Lebensqualität (MLQ) widerspiegeln. In der aktuell verfügbaren Literatur werden Zusammenhänge bezüglich der MLQ bei Patienten mit AS und krankheitsrelevanten AS-Parametern bislang nicht beschrieben. Mögliche Interaktionen in diesem Kontext sind unklar. Zudem steht das subjektive Wohlbefinden zur Beurteilung eines Behandlungserfolges nicht immer in unmittelbarem Zusammenhang mit der Verbesserung des klinischen Krankheitsbildes der AS. Ziel dieser Studie war es, die MLQ bei Patienten mit AS und einer gesunden Kontrollgruppe zu eruieren. Zusätzlich sollten Assoziationen zwischen MLQ und dem Mundgesundheitszustand (dental/parodontal) sowie bedeutsamen AS-spezifischen Parametern bewertet werden. Zudem sollte die MLQ in Bezug auf den oralen Gesundheitszustand innerhalb der AS-Gruppe und innerhalb der gesunden Kontrollgruppe getrennt verglichen werden. In die Untersuchung wurden 50 diagnostizierte und therapierte AS-Patienten eingeschlossen. Das durchschnittliche Alter dieser Patienten lag bei 47,18 ± 15,67 Jahren. Von den 50 AS-Patienten waren 24 Studienteilnehmer weiblich. Entsprechend Alter und Geschlecht wurde eine Kontrollgruppe (K) aus 50 allgemein Gesunden zusammengestellt. Hier lag das durchschnittliche Alter bei 55,82 ± 10,56 Jahren; 27 der 50 Probanden waren weiblich. Die zahnärztliche Untersuchung umfasste einen zahnärztlichen Befund (DMF-T) sowie die Bewertung der parodontalen Situation. Zur Beurteilung des parodontalen Zustandes wurden die parodontale Sondierungstiefe (ST) und der klinische Attachmentverlust (AV) mit einer millimeterskalierten Parodontalsonde erhoben. Mithilfe von ST und/oder AV erfolgte die Einteilung der Parodontalerkrankung in gesund/milde, moderate oder schwere Parodontitis. Des Weiteren wurde zur Beurteilung der MLQ die deutsche Kurzform des Oral Health Impact Profiles (OHIP-G14) verwendet. Neben der statistischen Signifikanz wurde nach dem Prinzip des minimalen signifikanten Unterschieds auch die klinische Relevanz betrachtet. Alle statistischen Analysen, wie der t-Test, der Mann-Whitney-U-Test, der Chi-Quadrat-Test und der exakte Fisher-Test, wurden mit der Software SPSS Statistics (Version 22, IBM) durchgeführt. Unterschiede zwischen den Gruppen wurden als signifikant für p-Werte <0,05 (zweiseitig) angesehen. Während die gesunde Kontrollgruppe ein signifikant höheres mittleres Alter aufwies (AS= 47,18 ± 15,67; K= 55,82 ± 10,56; p<0,01), fielen Geschlecht und Rauchgewohnheiten vergleichbar aus (p>0,05). Bei den AS-Patienten wurde ein höherer D-T (AS= 2,68 ± 3,42; K= 0,02 ± 0,14; p<0,01) und F-T (p=0,02) sowie ein schlechterer Parodontalzustand (p=0,01) im Vergleich zu K festgestellt. Der OHIP-G14-Summenscore fiel in der AS-Gruppe statistisch signifikant höher aus als in der K-Gruppe (AS= 6,2 [2; 0-10,75]; K= 1,7 [0; 0-2,0]; p<0,01). Zudem wurden die Aspekte der einzelnen Fragen bewertet: „verschlechterter Geschmack“ (p=0,05), „weniger zufriedenstellendes Leben“ (p=0,01), „schwer zu entspannen“ (p=0,01), „Spannungsgefühl“ (p=0,01), „unangenehm zu essen“ (p<0,01), „kurzatmig“ (p<0,01), „Schwierigkeiten beim Ausüben von Arbeiten“ (p<0,01), „Funktionsunfähigkeit“ (p=0,01), „Mundschmerzen“ (p=0,01) und „Gefühl der Unsicherheit“ (p=0,02), wobei diese bei AS signifikant höher als bei den K-Probanden eingeschätzt wurden. Die Ergebnisse bezüglich der Assoziation von OHIP-G14 und den oralen Befunden zeigten, dass in der AS-Gruppe DMF-T, DT, MT und Schweregrad der Parodontalerkrankung keinen signifikanten Zusammenhang mit den OHIP-G14-Werten aufwiesen (p>0,05). Dagegen wurde ein signifikanter und nahezu klinisch relevanter Zusammenhang zwischen DMF-T (p=0,01) und MT (p=0,01) zu den OHIP-G14-Werten in der K-Gruppe identifiziert. Innerhalb der AS-Gruppe waren die AS-spezifischen Parameter BASDAI (p<0,01), BASFI (p=0,04) und BAS-G (p=0,03) statistisch signifikant und klinisch relevant mit den OHIP-G14-Werten assoziiert. Darüber hinaus standen das Vorhandensein von „geschwollenen Gelenken“ (p=0,04), „schmerzhaften Gelenken“ (p<0,01), „Morgensteifigkeit“ (p=0,01), „Einschränkung der Bewegungsfähigkeit des Alltags“ (p=0,04), „Probleme bei Alltagsdingen“ (p=0,01), „physischer Schmerz“ (p=0,04) und „Probleme, sich selbst zu pflegen“ (p<0,01) ebenfalls statistisch signifikant und klinisch relevant mit den OHIP-G14-Werten im Zusammenhang. Schlussfolgernd ist festzustellen, dass die untersuchten AS-Patienten im Vergleich zur gesunden Kontrollgruppe einen schlechteren oralen Zustand und eine schlechtere subjektiv wahrgenommene MLQ zeigten. Dabei standen die Parameter für die Mundgesundheit bei der AS-Gruppe nicht mit den OHIP-G14-Werten in Verbindung. Im Gegensatz dazu zeigte die Mehrheit der AS-spezifischen Parameter einen signifikanten Zusammenhang mit den Ergebnissen der subjektiv wahrgenommenen MLQ. Somit weisen Patienten mit AS im Vergleich zu K-Probanden eine schlechtere subjektiv wahrgenommene MLQ auf, die nicht mit ihrem oralen Status zusammenhängt. Die hohe Belastung aufgrund der allgemeinen Erkrankung scheint einen wichtigen psychosozialen Effekt auszuüben, der sich auf die MLQ betroffener AS-Patienten auswirken könnte.:1 Einleitung …..….….…………………………………….…………………………………………1 1.1 Einführung ……………………………………………………………………………….1 1.2 Erkrankungen der Mundhöhle ......…………………………………………………….2 1.2.1 Karies .………………………...………………………………………………………….2 1.2.2 Parodontitis ...……………………………………………………………………………3 1.3 Ankylosierende Spondylitis ………………………………………………………….…6 1.4 Assoziation zwischen Ankylosierender Spondylitis und Lebensqualität ………......8 1.5 Mundgesundheitszustand und Bedeutung der mundgesundheitsbezogenen Lebensqualität bei Patienten mit Ankylosierender Spondylitis .……………………9 1.6 Zielsetzung und Fragestellung der vorliegenden Studie ..……...………………...12 2 Publikationsmanuskript ………………………………………………………………………...13 3 Zusammenfassung der Arbeit .………………………………………………………………...22 4 Ausblick …….……………………….…………………………………………………………..25 5 Literatur …....…………………………………………………………………………………….26 6 Darstellung des eigenen Beitrags ...…………………………………………………………..33 7 Erklärung über die eigenständige Abfassung der Arbeit ..…………………………………35 8 Lebenslauf ………………………………………………………………………………………36 9 Danksagung …………………………………………………………………………………….37
7

An Investigation of Dividend Signalling on the New Zealand Stock Exchange in the 1990s and of Several New Tools Employable in such an Investigation

Anderson, Warwick Wyndham January 2006 (has links)
This thesis investigates the nature of joint dividend-and-earnings signalling in announcements to the New Zealand Stock Exchange in the 1990s. Initially the Market Model is used to compute expected returns, and the abnormal returns derived from these are subjected to restricted least squares regressions to separate out a putative dividend signal from the concurrent earnings signal. But with the Market Model, the zero-value company returns associated with an absence of trading in thinly traded stocks are over-represented in returns distributions leading to problems of bias. New models are developed that explicitly exploit zero returns. The first alternative methodology entails friction modelling, which uses a maximum likelihood estimation procedure to find the relationship coefficients and the range of returns that should be considered as zero, and then proceeds to treat them as a separate category. The second alternative methodology is that of state asset models, which take a fresh new look at investor perceptions of the connection between movements in company returns and those of the concurrent underlying market. Zero-value company returns cease to be zero in value, where a state model is rotated, or alternatively they can be modelled as an extra state. All three methodologies furnish some evidence of dividend signalling; but this evidence is highly dependent on small changes within the given methodology.
8

Inestabilidad de beta de sectores económicos en la Bolsa de Comercio de Buenos Aires (1994-2007)

Ferraro, Mauro January 2008 (has links) (PDF)
Si bien el CAPM no requiere que beta sea estable en el tiempo, al trabajar con series de datos y estimar su valor en el contexto del Modelo de Índice Simple, la estabilidad del coeficiente se torna en una condición crucial para su adecuada utilización. Una práctica ampliamente difundida consiste en obtener los valores a través de MCO, asumiendo la estabilidad de dicho coeficiente. El presente trabajo estima los coeficientes beta de portafolios de sectores económicos con oferta pública de acciones en la Bolsa de Comercio de Buenos Aires en el período 1994-2007, introduciendo una metodología de estimación no paramétrica denominada <i>Varying Coefficient Model</i>. El ejercicio muestra la importante volatilidad de los betas, siendo que es por ello altamente recomendable tomar con especial cuidado las estimaciones de betas basadas en datos históricos al querer extrapolarlas en el tiempo. La utilización en esta dirección, puede modificar drásticamente las conclusiones en la práctica de la administración de portafolios de inversión y en la valuación de empresas. Dos ejemplos de estas aplicaciones son mostradas en el anexo.
9

The profitability of momentum trading strategies: A comparisonbetween stock markets in the Netherlands and Germany

Weil, Oliver January 2017 (has links)
Can momentum trading strategies beat Dutch or German stock market indices? If so, dothose strategies show significant positive net returns? For the period from March 2009 to March 2016this appears to be the case for only one out of the nine momentum trading strategies investigated withrespect to the Dutch stock market and for none of those same momentum trading strategiesinvestigated with respect to the German stock market. Furthermore, this research finds that the netmomentum returns seem to be winner- instead of loser-portfolio driven and that the longer the holdingperiod, the higher the net momentum returns realized.
10

Market reaction to seasoned offerings in China

Liu, J., Akbar, Saeed, Shah, S.Z.A., Zhang, D., Pang, D. 12 June 2019 (has links)
Yes / This study examines stock market reaction to the announcement of various forms of seasoned issues in China. Our empirical evidence demonstrates that market reactions differ in ways that suggest a difference between management's internal assessment and the market's assessment of the stock price. The market responds unfavourably to the announcement, notably in the case of rights issues and also with regard to open offers. Private placements experience an unfavourable pre‐announcement reaction, which contrasts with the favourable reaction after the event. Convertible bond issues generate positive excess returns consistent with the market's confidence that they can help to align management and shareholders’ interests. Further investigation shows that market reaction is related to factors specific to the issuer and issue by reference to the period immediately surrounding the issue. Specifically, ownership concentration, agency matters connected with equity offerings, investor protection connected with fund allocation and security pricing, and the influence of powerful moneyed interests together provide an instructive insight into market reaction. Institutional inefficiency pertaining to underwriting, auditing, analysts’ forecasts and credit ratings are found to have a weak association with market price, consistent with due public scepticism concerning management and their gatekeepers.

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