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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
361

Novel Analysis Framework Using Quantum Optomechanical Readouts For Direct Detection Of Dark Matter

Ashwin Nagarajan (10702782) 06 May 2021 (has links)
With the increase in speculation about the nature of our universe, there has been a growing need to find the truth about Dark Matter. Recent research shows that the Planck-Mass range could be a well-motivated space to probe for the detection of Dark Matter through gravitational coupling. This thesis dives into the possibility of doing the same in two parts. The first part lays out the analysis framework that would sense such an interaction, while the second part outlines a prototype experiment that when scaled up using quantum optomechanical sensors would serve as the skeleton to perform the analysis with.
362

Schwarzschildovy-Bachovy černé díry / Schwarzschild-Bach black holes

Knoška, Šimon January 2021 (has links)
Šimon Knoška The spherically symmetric spacetimes represent one of the most important classes of solutions in general relativity. Therefore, it is very natural to study them also in the context of modified theories of gravity. We directly continue in the previous works in quadratic gravity, where the generalised solutions with the constant Ricci scalar were found in the form of power series expansion in the conformal coordinates. In this work, we have found an alternative expression of this solution in the Robinson-Trautman-like coordinates analogously in the form of power series expansion around the horizon. Al- though the prescribed recurrent power series solution is more complicated than that in the conformal-to-Kundt coordinates, it posses numerous advantages. Namely, the trans- formation to the Schwarzschild-like coordinates is considerable simple and the physical interpretation of the coordinates is more evident. These properties are demonstrated in the preliminary investigation of the geodesic motion of the test particles near the black hole with analysis of the effect of the so-called Bach parameter. In particular, we have observed that the Bach parameter together with the positive cosmological constant Λ > 0 has a significant impact on the global structure of the spacetime.
363

Theoretical and phenomenological aspects of theories with massive gravitons

Bebronne, Michael 15 October 2009 (has links)
Depuis sa formulation au début du 20ème siècle, la théorie de la Relativité Générale a été vérifiée avec une précision sans cesse croissante. Cette théorie prédit, entre autre, l'existence d'ondes gravitationnelles qui restent à ce jour inobservées, et ce malgré de nombreuses tentatives de détections. Ces ondes sont caractérisées par leur absence de masse. Une des questions qui se pose alors est de savoir si cette absence de masse est une condition nécessaire pour que théorie et observations concordent. Pour répondre à cette question, il est indispensable d'étudier les différents aspects des théories décrivant des ondes gravitationnelles massives. Au-delà de cet intérêt purement théorique, l'étude de ces théories est, entre autre, motivée par de récentes observations cosmologiques. Celles-ci indiquent que l'accord entre la Relativité Générale et les observations n'est possible que si on suppose l'existence de matière et d'énergie noires.<p><p>Cette thèse est dédiée à une classe de théories décrivant des ondes gravitationnelles massives. Dans un premier temps, nous résumons les différents problèmes qui surgissent lorsqu'on tente de donner une masse aux ondes gravitationnelles. Ensuite, nous introduisons une classe de modèles et étudions certaines de leurs caractéristiques.<p><p>Le premier aspect étudié concerne l'existence d'une interaction de type instantanée. De telles interactions sont possibles étant donné que l'invariance de Lorentz est spontanément brisée dans les modèles considérés. Celles-ci sont dès lors discutées et un exemple concret est fourni.<p><p>La présence d'une interaction instantanée dans ces modèles a une conséquence directe sur les solutions "trous noirs" des équations du champ. En effet, on s'attend à ce que l'interaction instantanée puisse propager de l'information à l'extérieur d'un trou noir, ce qui entraînerait une modification de ces solutions par rapport à celles de la Relativité Générale. Cette supposition est confirmée par les solutions "trous noirs" obtenues dans cette thèse. Celles-ci peuvent soit imiter une certaine quantité de matière noire, soit conduire à un champ gravitationnel répulsif.<p><p>Finalement, les mécanismes de formation des grandes structures de l'Univers (galaxies, amas de galaxies, ) sont étudiés pour les théories considérées. Cette dernière discussion démontre que ces modèles reproduisent le comportement prévu par la Relativité Générale et sont, par conséquent, en accord avec les observations. / Doctorat en Sciences / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
364

On the Various Extensions of the BMS Group

Ruzziconi, Romain 15 June 2020 (has links) (PDF)
The Bondi-Metzner-Sachs-van der Burg (BMS) group is the asymptotic symmetry group of radiating asymptotically flat spacetimes. It has recently received renewed interest in the context of the flat holography and the infrared structure of gravity. In this thesis, we investigate the consequences of considering extensions of the BMS group in four dimensions with superrotations. In particular, we apply the covariant phase space methods on a class of first order gauge theories that includes the Cartan formulation of general relativity and specify this analysis to gravity in asymptotically flat spacetime. Furthermore, we renormalize the symplectic structure at null infinity to obtain the generalized BMS charge algebra associated with smooth superrotations. We then study the vacuum structure of the gravitational field, which allows us to relate the so-called superboost transformations to the velocity kick/refraction memory effect. Afterward, we propose a new set of boundary conditions in asymptotically locally (A)dS spacetime that leads to a version of the BMS group in the presence of a non-vanishing cosmological constant, called the Λ-BMS asymptotic symmetry group. Using the holographic renormalization procedure and a diffeomorphism between Bondi and Fefferman-Graham gauges, we construct the phase space of Λ-BMS and show that it reduces to the one of the generalized BMS group in the flat limit. / Doctorat en Sciences / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
365

Matematické metody a přesné prostoročasy v kvadratické gravitaci / Mathematical methods and exact spacetimes in quadratic gravity

Miškovský, David January 2021 (has links)
Within this work we have been interested in the frame approach to analysis of the field equations in the context of theories of gravity, in particular, the Einstein General Relativ- ity and Quadratic theory of gravity. As the starting point we have summarised the least action principle formulation of the General Relativity and introduced the Quadratic grav- ity extending the classic Einstein-Hilbert action by adding quadratic curvature terms. The Quadratic gravity field equation have been rewritten into the form separating the Ricci tensor contribution. As a next step we have reviewed the Newman-Penrose formal- ism on a purely geometrical level and discussed employing the field equations constraints. While in the case of General Relativity it is quite trivial, in the Quadratic gravity it be- comes much more involved, however, the General Relativity procedure can be followed even here. As an illustration, we have formulated the constraints on the gravitational field in the cases of the spherically symmetric spacetimes and so-called pp-waves both in the GR as well as Quadratic gravity. 1
366

Nevakuová přesná řešení / Exact solutions with matter fields

Kokoška, David January 2021 (has links)
In this thesis we investigate Robinson-Trautman solutions of Einstein's gravity cou- pled to a matter field in higher dimensions, specifically a conformally invariant and non- linear electromagnetic field. The latter possesses in general a non-zero energy-momentum tensor, which provides a source term in Einstein's equations. We focus concretely on an electromagnetic field aligned with the null vector field generating the expanding con- gruence of Robinson-Trautman spacetimes. At the beginning, we review the concept of optical scalars for a null vector field in higher dimensions and we use those to define the higher-dimensional Robinson-Trautman class of spacetimes. Next, we solve the corre- sponding Einstein's equations and present the complete family of exact solutions of the theory under consideration. We then contrast the obtained results with the known ones for the linear Maxwell theory in higher dimensions. As a check, we also compare our results to the well-known results in D = 4, since in this case our matter theory reduces to the standard linear Maxwell theory. Finally, we study properties of a subfamily of solutions which represent the static black holes within our class. In particular, we ana- lyze the asymptotic behaviour, we show that a curvature singularity is always present for r → 0 and the...
367

Simple cosmological models and their descriptions of the universe

Gustafsson, Emil January 2018 (has links)
Cosmology is the study of the universe as a whole, and attempts to describe the behaviour of the universe mathematically. The simplest relativistic cosmological models are derived from Einstein's field equations with the assumptions of isotropy and homogeneity. In this thesis, a few simple cosmological models will be derived and evaluated with respect to their description of our universe i.e., how well they match observational data from e.g., the cosmic background radiation and redshift from distant supernovae. The models are derived from Einstein's field equations, which is why a large portion of the thesis will lay the ground work for the field equations by introducing and explaining the language of tensors. / Kosmologi är läran om universum i stort samt dess matematiska beskrivning. De enklaste relativistiska kosmologiska modellerna kan härledas från Einsteins fältekvationer med hjälp av antaganden om isotropi och homogenitet. I denna rapport kommer ett par av de enklaste modellerna att härledas, samt evalueras baserat på hur väl de beskriver vårt universum, det vill säga hur bra de passar de observationer som gjorts på exempelvis den kosmiska bakgrundsstrålningen och rödskifte från avlägsna supernovor. Modellerna härleds utifrån Einsteins fältekvationer, varför en stor del av rapporten består av en introduktion till tensoranalys.
368

Gravitational Scattering of Compact Bodies from Worldline Quantum Field Theory

Jakobsen, Gustav Uhre 16 November 2023 (has links)
In dieser Arbeit wird der Ansatz der Weltlinienquantenfeldtheorie (WQFT) zur Berechnung von Observablen des klassischen allgemeinen relativistischen Zweikörpersystems vorgestellt. Kompakte Körper wie Schwarze Löcher oder Neutronensterne werden im Rahmen einer effektiven Feldtheorie mit Weltlinienfeldern beschrieben. Die WQFT behandelt alle Weltlinienfelder gleichberechtigt mit dem Gravitationsfeld und ist definiert als die tree-level-Beiträge eines Pfadintegrals auf diesen Feldern. Zuerst wird die effektive feldtheoretische Beschreibung von kompakten Körpern mit Weltlinien und die post-Minkowski'schen Approximation der Streuung dieser Körpern vorgestellt. Die Einbeziehung des Spins wird mit besonderem Augenmerk auf ihre supersymmetrische Beschreibung in Form von antikommutierenden Grassmann-Variablen analysiert. Anschließend wird die WQFT mit einer Diskussion ihrer in-in Schwinger-Keldysh-Formulierung, ihrer Feynman-Regeln und Graphengenerierung sowie ihrer on-shell Einpunktfunktionen vorgestellt. Die Berechnung von Streuobservablen erfordert im Allgemeinen die Auswertung von Multi-Loop-Integralen, und wir analysieren die Zwei-Loop-Integrale, die in der dritten post-Minkowski'schen Ordnung der Weltlinienobservablen auftreten. Schließlich wenden wir uns den Ergebnissen der WQFT zu und beginnen mit der gravitativen Bremsstrahlung bei der Streuung zweier rotierender Körper. Diese Wellenform wird zusammen mit der Strahlungsinformation der Linear- und Drehimpulsflüsse diskutiert. Der gesamte abgestrahlte Drehimpuls führender post-Minkowski'schen Ordnung wird abgeleitet. Wir präsentieren dann die Ergebnisse des konservativen und strahlenden Impulses und des Spin-Kicks bei dritter post-Minkowski'scher Ordnung und quadratischer Ordnung in Spins zusammen mit der Abbildung der ungebundenen Ergebnisse auf einen konservativen (gebundenen) Hamiltonian bei der entsprechenden perturbativen Ordnung. / In this work the worldline quantum field theory (WQFT) approach to computing observables of the classical general relativistic two-body system is presented. Compact bodies such as black holes or neutron stars are described in an effective field theory by worldline fields with spin degrees of freedom efficiently described by anti-commuting Grassmann variables. Novel results of the WQFT include the gravitational bremsstrahlung at second post-Minkowskian order and the impulse and spin kick at third post-Minkowskian order all at quadratic order in spins. Next, the WQFT is presented with a comprehensive discussion of its in-in Schwinger-Keldysh formulation, its Feynman rules and graph generation and its on-shell one-point functions which are directly related to the scattering observables of unbound motion. Here, we present the second post-Minkowskian quadratic-in-spin contributions to its free energy from which the impulse and spin kick may be derived to the corresponding order. The computation of scattering observables requires the evaluation of multi-loop integrals and for the computation of observables at the third post-Minkowskian order we analyze the required two-loop integrals. Our discussion uses retarded propagators which impose causal boundary conditions of the observables. Finally we turn to results of the WQFT starting with the gravitational bremsstrahlung of the scattering of two spinning bodies. This waveform is discussed together with its radiative information of linear and angular momentum fluxes. Lastly we present the conservative and radiative impulse and spin kick at third post-Minkowskian order and quadratic order in spins together with the a conservative Hamiltonian at the corresponding perturbative order. The results obey a generalized Bini-Damour radiation-reaction relation and their conservative parts can be parametrized in terms of a single scalar.
369

On curvature and Hawking radiation

Chernichenko, Alexsey January 2022 (has links)
Hawking radiation is a phenomenon where the combination of geometry of spacetime around a black hole and quantum effects near its event horizon causes particle emission. Stephen Hawking was one of the first to make computations and conclude that this is valid for every black hole in general. Therefore, the goal of the project was to understand how the presence of a black hole changes geometry of spacetime, explore some of its peculiar properties and, finally, connect it to Hawking radiation. It turns out that one way to describe geometry around a black hole is to use the Schwarzchild metric which fully describes surroundings of a non-rotating and uncharged black hole. Using the so called Klein-Gordon equation and some additional computations one then sees that there’s indeed a particle emission. However, the radiation appears to be observer dependent which is due to curvature near event horizon. Hawking radiation has temperature which happens to be extremely small to detect, but this result reveals the fact that black holes radiate faster as they shrink. However, the time it takes for an arbitrary black hole to evaporate is much longer than the age of the Universe. Encountering those and some other challenges Hawking radiation remains hypothetical. / Hawkingstrålning är ett fenomen där kombinationen av geometri av rumtid runt ett svart hål och kvantmekaniska effekter nära dess händelsehorisont leder till partikel emission. Stephen Hawking var bland de första att göra beräkningar och dra slutsatsen att detta är giltigt för alla svarta hål. Syftet med projektet var därför att förstå hur närvaron av ett svart hål ändrar geometri av rumtid, undersöka dess vissa speciella egenskaper samt anknyta det till Hawkingstrålning. Det visar sig att ett sätt att beskriva geometri kring ett svart hål är att använda Schwarzchild metriken som helt beskriver omgivningen av ett icke roterande och oladdat svart hål .Använder man sig av så kallade Klein-Gordon ekvationen och några ytterligare beräkningar så kommer man till slutsaten att det verkligen finns enemission av partiklar. Emissionen verkar dock vara observatörsberoende på grund av krökning nära händelsehorisont. Hawkingstrålning har temperatur som visar sig vara extremt liten för att upptäcka, men resultaten avslöjar faktumet att svarta hål strålar ut snabbare då de krymper. Tiden det tar för ett godtyckligt svart hål att koka bort är dock mycket längre än åldern of Universum. På grund av dessa och några andra utmanningar återstår Hawkingstrålning hypotetiskt.
370

Accéléromètre électrostatique à biais corrigé pour le test de la loi de gravitation à l'échelle du Système Solaire

Lenoir, Benjamin 14 September 2012 (has links) (PDF)
La trajectoire des sondes spatiales, calculée à partir des informations obtenues avec le lien radio, est un outil important pour la conduite des missions spatiales ainsi que pour le test de la loi de gravitation dans le Système Solaire. L'ajout d'un accéléromètre à bord d'une sonde fournit aux scientifiques une information supplémentaire d'un grand intérêt puisqu'il mesure la valeur de l'accélération non-gravitationnelle de la sonde, c'est-à-dire sa déviation par rapport à un mouvement géodésique. Des accéléromètres électrostatiques sont actuellement utilisés sur plusieurs missions de géodésie. Cette thèse est centrée sur le Gravity Advanced Package, un instrument composé d'un accéléromètre électrostatique et d'une platine rotative. Cette évolution technologique permet de faire des mesures d'accélération non-gravitationnelle sans biais. Cela est essentiel pour le succès scientifique d'une mission interplanétaire du point de vue du test de la gravitation. En effet, en mesurant sans biais l'accélération non-gravitationnelle d'une sonde interplanétaire et en utilisant ces mesures dans le processus de restitution d'orbite, il est possible de tester la gravitation de manière non ambiguë. Avec les technologies présentées dans cette thèse, l'accélération non-gravitationnelle d'une sonde spatiale peut être mesurée avec une précision de 1 pm.s^{-2} pour un temps d'intégration de 3 heures. Ces mesures, utilisées conjointement avec les données issues du lien radio, permettent d'obtenir une précision de 10^{-11} m.s^{-2} sur la loi de gravitation avec un arc de 21 jours.

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