Les diverses normes internationales obligent les constructeurs automobiles à optimiser les chaînes de propulsion conventionnelles mais surtout à développer d’autres alternatives de motorisation dont l’une des plus prometteuses est le véhicule électrique. Néanmoins ces nouvelles propulsions doivent garantir les mêmes performances et le même niveau de sureté de fonctionnement (fiabilité et sécurité en l’occurrence). La chaîne de propulsion électrique est conçue autour d’un nombre important de constituants (machine électrique, capteur(s), convertisseur(s) de l’électronique de puissance, etc.) qui peuvent être le siège de défauts. La détection et la localisation de ces défauts sont indispensables mais pas suffisantes pour assurer la sureté de fonctionnement du système. En effet pour assurer un fonctionnement en mode dégradé, il faut mettre en œuvre une architecture de commande tolérante aux fautes. L'objectif principal de cette thèse est de proposer des nouvelles architectures de commande tolérante aux défauts (Fault Tolerant Control en anglais) d’un véhicule électrique propulsé par une machine asynchrone, en présence de plusieurs types de défaut du capteur mécanique. Cette thèse est organisée en 4 chapitres.Le Chapitre 1 est un état de l’art exhaustif avec une analyse critique des architectures et des systèmes de contrôle commande tolérants aux fautes des chaînes de traction électrique ainsi qu'un état de l'art des différents défauts qui peuvent apparaitre dans la chaine de traction électrique. Le Chapitre 2 propose deux architectures de commande tolérante aux fautes : l’Hybride FTC et le GIMC (Generalised Internal Model Control) ; l’approche Hybride FTC est une combinaison de deux contrôleurs, le premier est un régulateur PI pour le mode sain et le second un correcteur robuste H infini pour le mode défaillant. L’architecture GIMC permet la restructuration de la loi de commande d'une manière adaptative. Elle est conçue afin d’assurer une bonne robustesse du système en présence de défaut grâce à une boucle interne faisant office de boucle de correction et de diagnostic.Le Chapitre 3 est consacré exclusivement à la commande tolérante aux fautes à base d'algorithme de vote, en faisant une étude comparative de 4 algorithmes avec trois topologies différentes : une première structure est proposée sur la sortie du système, une deuxième structure est appliquée sur la commande du système, et la troisième structure est une hybridation des deux précédentes.Le Chapitre 4 est dédié à la validation expérimentale des architectures décrites précédemment. Les résultats obtenus montrent l’efficacité des approches FTC proposées. / The various international standards require automakers to optimize conventional power train but mainly to develop other alternatives to drive, one of the most promising is the electric vehicle. However, these new drives should guarantee the same performance and the same level of dependability (reliability and security in this case).Electric power train is built around a large number of components (electrical machine, the sensor, the converter, power electronics, etc.) which may be affected by defects. The detection and localization of these defects are essential but not sufficient to ensure the dependability of the system. Indeed, to ensure operation in degraded mode, you must implement architecture of fault tolerant control (FTC). The main objective of this thesis is to propose new fault tolerant control architectures of an electric vehicle induction machine power train in the presence of several types of mechanical sensor failure. This thesis is organized into four chapters.Chapter 1 is a comprehensive state of the art with a critical analysis of architectures and control systems tolerant to faults of electric powertrains and a state of the art of the various defects that may occur in the chain of electric traction.Chapter 2 proposes two architectures of fault tolerant control: Hybrid FTC and GIMC (Generalised Internal Model Control); Hybrid FTC approach is a combination of two controllers, the first is a PI controller for the sound mode and the second a robust controller for the failed H infinity mode. The architecture allows GIMC restructuring the control law in an adaptive manner. It is designed to ensure robustness of the system in the presence of a fault with an inner loop acting loop correction and diagnosis.Chapter 3 is devoted exclusively to the algorithm voting fault tolerant control based on comparative study of four algorithms with three different topologies: a first structure is proposed on the system output, a second structure is applied system control, and the third structure is a two preceding hybridization.Chapter 4 is devoted to the experimental validation of the architecture described above. The results show the effectiveness of the approaches proposed FTC.

This thesis is divided in to two different parts. The first part includes examination of the measurementsystem of an industrial robot using a resolver sensor. The main focus is on methods for suppressing noise in the angularvelocity signal without increasing timedelay. Five different methods are investigated. Three of these are based on oversampling: burstsamplingmethod, meanvaluemethod and correlationmethod. The meanvaluemethod and the correlationmethod have given good results. The two other methods are: extended kalmanfiltering and computation of the angular velocity without using numeric method to compute the angle. Extended kalmanfilter gives the overall best result. In part two the control structure design of an industrial robot has been studied and how different sampling times and motorinertias affect the disturbance rejection and stability of the control loop. Different control structure designs have also been studied with the aim to suppress disturbances. Mainly H-infinity and GIMC designs have been compared with an ordinary PID controller. Here it can be shown that both the H-infinity and the GIMC controller yields good disturbance rejection. But both the methods lack in the robustness of model uncertainty.

<p>This thesis is divided in to two different parts. The first part includes examination of the measurementsystem of an industrial robot using a resolver sensor. The main focus is on methods for suppressing noise in the angularvelocity signal without increasing timedelay. Five different methods are investigated. Three of these are based on oversampling: burstsamplingmethod, meanvaluemethod and correlationmethod. The meanvaluemethod and the correlationmethod have given good results. The two other methods are: extended kalmanfiltering and computation of the angular velocity without using numeric method to compute the angle. Extended kalmanfilter gives the overall best result. </p><p>In part two the control structure design of an industrial robot has been studied and how different sampling times and motorinertias affect the disturbance rejection and stability of the control loop. Different control structure designs have also been studied with the aim to suppress disturbances. Mainly H-infinity and GIMC designs have been compared with an ordinary PID controller. Here it can be shown that both the H-infinity and the GIMC controller yields good disturbance rejection. But both the methods lack in the robustness of model uncertainty.</p>

Tourism industry, one of the most rapid growing economic activities around the world, brings countries foreign exchange and creates million jobs. Due to the huge profit involved, more and more countries recognize the importance of tourism marketing and start to include it into their national development plan, so does Taiwan. However, little attention has been paid in the academic field to Taiwan’s tourism promotions on a global basis. Therefore, this research aims at analyzing how Taiwan manages and integrates its tourism marketing communications in its three main target regions—Northeast Asia, Southeast Asia, and Europe and America—from the perspective of Globally Integrated Marketing Communication (GIMC), and uses the current campaign “Tour Taiwan Years 2008-2009” as the subject. Following the IMC Audit proposed by Duncan (2002), this case study conducts document analysis and in-depth interviews with Tourism Bureau to investigate how Taiwan integrates its global communication either vertically across marketing disciplines or horizontally across countries. In addition, the level of standardization across marketing disciplines is compared, and suggestions for employing GIMC model are also provided. The finding can be summarized into three points: 1. Either within each region or across regions, the strategies Tourism Bureau employs are close to globally integrated strategy, but with different level of vertical and horizontal integrations. 2. The proposition, which suggests that public relation, sales promotion, and direct marketing are more difficult to standardize compared to advertising, is not supported in the case of “Tour Taiwan Years 2008-2009.” 3. The application of GIMC to tourism marketing in this case suggests that strategy should be the guiding principle for integration; and the classification of GIMC strategy should be adjusted and made based on a continuum approach.