Twenty four percent of all HIV infections in the United States occur among adults aged 50 and older (mature adults), yet little is understood of the dynamics of HIV infection among this group in Texas. Data from 1999 to 2009 examined the relationship between HIV spatial and temporal patterns affecting socio-economic and demographic variables including poverty, gender, race/ethnicity and mode of exposure. Results revealed highest HIV infection rates among White homosexual men, Black males engaged in IV-drug use, Black female heterosexuals and minorities in poverty. Concentrations of HIV infection among mature adults were located primarily in urban centers of Houston and Dallas and indicated increasing HIV infection rates from 1999 to 2009. These results will assist future allocation of resources by zip code in urban areas for this understudied population.

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In the modern geographic information systems, COTS software has been playing a major role. Customizing COTS software is inevitable because large organizations' needs usually exceed COTS built-in functions. However, this is often a challenge to COTS users, since the source code of COTS is rarely available. In my thesis project, I have enhanced some functions of a GIS COTS product, ArcIMS, by taking advantage of this web publishing tool's well-thought architecture of services and its applications of the XML messaging technology. Multiple users now can access the same ArcIMS map service but with only constrained viewing power. Login dialog has been added to the map service, and query tools have been modified to ensure the viewing restraint. Another aspect of this thesis project is to enhance the interactive features, which makes the HTML viewer be capable of carrying out all the functions that the ArcIMS Java plug-in viewer can do.

Student Number : 0200855X - MSc research report - School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies - Faculty of Science / This research report focuses on the implementation of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) in Johannesburg Water, the water utility of the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Council. The research contributes to a broader debate on the implementation of GIS technology in private and public institutions. While this research field has a long and reasonably strong tradition in the developed world, research on GIS and organisations in the developing world is in its infancy. Based on interviews with a range of personnel in Johannesburg Water the research provides an assessment of the history of GIS implementation in this institution. The history, which begins in the 1980s, examines the development of the technology in Johannesburg Water focusing on the experiences of staff and various software and hardware choices. The research also examines current implementation issues and the impact of GIS in decision-making in this organisation. Finally, the research assesses the implementation of GIS in Johannesburg Water in relation to various theories of, and approaches to, GIS implementation.

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) a computerized mapping system for capturing, storing, retrieving, analysing, and displaying spatial data (the type of data that has a geographic location). It is one of the fastest growing high tech fields and has been widely used in my areas where analysis of spatial referenced data is needed. In this paper we developed and implemented a GIS-based personalized Travel Planning application. Our goal is to provide a map based information system that gives recommendation information (e.g. closeby sights, must-see sights) to travellers according to their destinations, locations and preferences. Furthermore, the TP application was developed as a client-side service under the Tourist Information Provider System. It runs on client machines and uses the spatial referenced data stored at the TIP server-side database.

<p>Rapporten handlar om hur geografisk data på bästa sätt kan integreras med ettärendehanteringssystem. Det görs en teoretisk jämförelse av tekniker för visning,sökning och lagring av geografisk data i syfte att hitta den bästa lösning för attintegrera GIS-funktionalitet med ett befintligt ärendehanteringssystem.</p><p>Resultatet av arbetet är en proof-of-concept implementation som ger ettärendehanteringssystem stöd för att visa ärenden på en karta och göra sökningen givetett geografiskt område.</p>

<p>Jag fick i uppdrag av WSP Samhällsbyggnad i Karlstad, att presentera data med hjälp av programmet ArcGIS. Data som skulle uppvisas var: trafikmängden, polisrapporterade olyckor, gång- och cykelvägar, trafiksignaler, trafikplatser, skyltad hastighet, skolor och fritidsaktiviteter längs E18 i Karlskoga. Vidare skulle föreslagna åtgärder i utredningen presenteras med GIS. Arbetet inkluderar fältstudier i Karlskoga för att ta foto och videoklipp på de berörda korsningarna, som sedan skulle länkas till kartan. Uppgifterna skulle sedan framföras i en karta, i en skärmpresentation av avdelningschefen Bo Lindelöf.</p><p>Arbetet tar upp problem och möjligheter med användning av GIS i presentationsskedet.</p><p>Karlskoga kommun och Vägverket föreslår åtgärder i Karlskoga tätort, en ombyggnad av E18:s korsningar med Viaduktgatan, Boåsvägen och Hyttåsvägen. Kommunen kommer att investera i ett nytt campusområde söder om Hyttåsvägen vilket kommer att kräva en ombyggnad av Industrivägen och Hyttåsvägen. Från hösten 2003 har Örebro Universitet placerat en viss utbildning i Campus Karlskoga, som kommer att utökas successivt. I närheten av Bofors industriområde och sjön Möckeln kommer det nya campuset att byggas upp.</p> / <p>WSP´s department of physical planning, Karlstad, gave med the task to present data using ArcGIS. The data presented were: Traffic flow, accidents, noise, walk- and bikeways, schools and recreation areas alongsides E18 in Karlskoga. I was also supposed to present the proposed actions.</p><p>I also had to visit Karlskoga for some on-site investigations of my own, such as taking pictures and video-sequences of concerned traffic intersections. Those images I would intergrate in my maps. All this information is being presented for the head of department.</p><p>Karlskoga municipality and Vägverket suggest reconstruction of three major intersections on E18, Viaduktgatan, Boåsvägen and Hyttåsvägen. Reconstruction of Hyttåsvägen and Industrivägen is also needed, due to the new Campus built south of Hyttåsvägen.</p><p>From the fall of 2003, Örebro University has placed an education on Campus Karlskoga that expects to be expanded. This expansion will be between lake Möckeln and Bofors industries.</p>

<p>I detta arbete undersöks möjligheterna för Eskilstuna kommun att själva producera en turistkarta över staden på ett effektivt sätt. Tidigare har kommunen anlitat ett utomstående företag för att framställa kartan.</p><p>Förhoppningar på nya kartografiverktyg i programvaran ArcGIS 9.2 finns och förväntas effektivisera kartframställning jämfört med tidigare versioner av ArcGIS så pass mycket att man med egna resurser klarar av kartframställningen.</p><p>Kommunen har ett antal olika fall som man vill testa med verktygen i ArcGIS 9.2 och med särkilt fokus på det nya representationsverktyget i ArcGIS 9.2. Eskilstuna kommun vill veta om man med hjälp av representationer kan underlätta kartframställningen inom textsättning, lagerhantering, lagring i databas samt olika generaliseringsmetoder för olika skalor.</p><p>Geografiska data har erhållits ifrån Eskilstunas databas som har anpassats för ArcGIS 9.2.</p><p>Vägar ifrån den nationella vägdatabasen, (NVDB) har använts för att komplettera den befintliga databasen, vilken från början innehåller mark, bebyggelse och textskikt. Denna databas har utgjort grunden för våra tester av kartografiverktygen i ArcGIS 9.2.</p><p>När det visat sig att representationer saknar funktioner för att lösa de frågor som ställts av uppdragsgivaren blev lösningen att ta fram olika alternativa lösningsförslag. T.ex. vid texthanteringsfrågor med gatunamn och adresser användes istället verktyget annotations för åstadkomma automatisk placering av text.</p><p>Resultatet är en utvärdering av representationsverktygen där användaren får ett antal användningsfall med tips för tillämpning av verktyget. Det framkom att Representationsverktyget i alla lägen inte lämpar sig för önskad användning, funktionen kan med fördel användas som komplement till andra verktyg i ARCGIS 9.2. Slutsats är att manuellt arbete fortfarande krävs vid efter redigering av textplacering.</p> / <p>The aim of our work was to explore the possibilities for Eskilstuna municipality to produce a tourist map of the city in an efficient manner. The map has previously been manufactured by an outside company.</p><p>The municipality has access to a cartographic tool called ArcGIS. The software is now available in a new version (ArcGIS 9.2) and the aim was to evaluate if the new cartographic tools in the software were so efficient that mapping procedures could be produced with the local computer and software resources in the municipality office.</p><p>The municipality had a number of different projects they wanted to test with tools in ArcGIS 9.2 with specific emphasis on the new Representation tool in ArcGIS 9.2 software. More specifically, Eskilstuna municipality wanted to know if using the representations could facilitate mapping of text translation, inventory, storage in the database, and different generalization methods for different scales.</p><p>Geographic data were obtained from Eskiltuna´s city map database, which has been adapted for ArcGIS 9.2. Data regarding roads were obtained from the National Road Database (Nationella vägdatabasen –NVDB) to complement the existing city map database, which includes land, buildings, and text layers. This combined database provided the basis for our tests of cartographic tools in ArcGIS 9.2.</p><p>Our work revealed that some, but not all, requests could not be solved with the Representation tool. When this situation occurred, our solution was to provide the client with a range of alternative solutions. One such example was text handling issues where to user was recommended to use the Annotations tool instead for achieving automated placement of text.</p><p>It became obvious that the Representation tool was not suited in all situations for the construction of the map. However, the Representation tool could be used as a complement to other tools in ArcGIS 9.2. The result of our work is therefore an evaluation of the Representation tools where the user is offered a number of tips or solutions for use of the software in various situations. Our Conclusion is that manual work is still required at the postediting of text placement in the map.</p>

Modern Web based GIS systems have responded significantly to semantic Web technology as it offers opportunities to overcome interoperability and integration problems. There are abundant needs especially for the systems intending to provide more than just a map with basic geographical information. More sophisticated systems can offer more than navigation services and can integrate with several data sources, thereby providing a richer, wider and highly usable information service to be used in business, governmental and different life domains. Search is an essential part of any GIS system because of the huge amount of data representing different meanings that are stored in one or distributed data sources. A model is presented which focuses on searching for geospatial information to answer query semantics rather than query syntax. This model used the most recent and approved standards among the semantic Web communities, and was applied on TerraFly a GIS system. Since ranking is a critical factor in measuring the quality of any search engine, a ranking algorithm is also proposed and evaluated.

In 2008 an initial benthic habitat map was completed by the contractor Avineon, Inc. The National Park Service South Florida / Caribbean Network (SFCN) conducted an accuracy assessment of the map and found the overall habitat identification to be acceptable. However, upon further inspection, the soft-bottom habitat classifications displayed a relatively high level of accuracy, while the hard-bottom habitats were below an acceptable level. With the acquisition of new higher resolution side scan sonar data and 2054 field data points from multiple sources, the 2008 map was revised and improved by utilizing these new data sets to produce the 2010 Dry Tortugas benthic habitat map. The 2010 Dry Tortugas benthic habitat map was developed using 13 mapping classes and 1709 polygons totaling an area of 26,229 hectares. All “Unknown” areas (10,444 hectares) in the 2008 map were identified, the line work for the hard-bottom areas was fine-tuned and a mapping layer was developed showing those areas which have a higher potential for fish and benthic biodiversity. In addition, a final bathymetry layer for the park was developed by merging the existing light detection and ranging (LiDAR) and newly acquired side scan sonar/bathymetry data. The current management plan for the Dry Tortugas National Park (DRTO) marine areas focuses much of its effort on the Research Natural Area (RNA). The intensive amount of research effort placed on the RNA has also accomplished the research needed for the rest of DRTO because current research and monitoring efforts are split equally between areas of the DRTO that fall within and outside the RNA to make for a balanced comparative study design. In February of 2007, National Park Service (NPS) and Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC) developed a science plan to assess conservation effectiveness for the RNA in conjunction with the rest of DRTO and the two nearby existing marine reserves. The implementation of the science plan has been accomplished through collaboration and cooperation of federal and state agencies, academic scientists, and NPS. The new benthic habitat map and corresponding products will help in showing what types of marine habitats are located in the Dry Tortugas National Park and provide the ability to track whether management interventions are effectively protecting the environment and associated resources.