Syfte: Uppsatsens syfte är att analysera tidningen GQ:s omslag mellan åren 1958-2013 för att ta reda på om patriarkala strukturer går att urskilja i omslagens text- och bildspråk. Jag vill specifikt undersöka hur män och kvinnor framställs på omslagen och hur detta kan ha förändrats mellan åren 1958-2013. Teori: Eriksson och Göthlunds Möten med bilder (2004) har legat som grund för att förstå hur jag skulle analysera mitt bildmaterial och Kuhn (1985), Mulvey (1999) och Tasker (2011) har bidragit med viktiga begrepp att använda som analysverktyg. Van Zoonens (2004) redogörelse för feminism har också varit en väsentlig del. Kompletterande relevant litteratur tas också upp i arbetet. Vidare har även Anja Hirdmans tidigare forskning i området med boken Den ensamma fallosen (2008) och doktorsavhandlingen Tilltalande bilder: genus, sexualitet och publiksyn i Veckorevyn och FIB aktuellt (2001) varit viktigt för att förstå mitt analysmaterial. Metod: Samtliga 599 omslag från GQ:s arkiv mellan våren 1958-2013 har studerats innan jag valde ut 28 av dem att analysera semiotiskt. Jag har framför allt tittat på bilder men även vävt in relevant text i min analys. Jag har utgått ifrån Eriksson och Göthlunds beskrivning av semiotiken i boken Möten med bilder (2004) och deras genomgång av Roland Barthes denotation- och konnotationsbegrepp.   Resultatredovisning: Jag fann att GQ:s omslag i hög grad präglas av patriarkala strukturer i både text- och bildspråk. Hur dessa strukturer har format omslagen har förändrats mellan 1958-2013 men de har varit ständigt närvarande. Vidare forskning: Skulle kunna gå in på framställning av olika etniciteter, förslagsvis också med en feministisk förankring.

Submitted by Daniella Sodre (daniella.sodre@ufpe.br) on 2015-04-15T14:24:56Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação Amanda Vieira.pdf: 3996035 bytes, checksum: 9afa8afb1a2006dfe656cc0f16741ce8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-15T14:24:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação Amanda Vieira.pdf: 3996035 bytes, checksum: 9afa8afb1a2006dfe656cc0f16741ce8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-25 / CAPEs / O LPSF/GQ-130 é uma tiazolidinodiona que apresentou atividade anti-inflamatória promissora em estudos in vivo, porém, sua insolubilidade aquosa repercute em dissolução e absorção inadequada no organismo. Assim, este trabalho objetivou incrementar esta propriedade através da técnica de dispersões sólidas (DS). A caracterização química e físico-química do protótipo permitiu a confirmação da molécula através das técnicas espectrométricas tradicionais, bem como a determinação da sua faixa de fusão (171,3 a 176,5°C) e pureza (99,37% ± 0,19), através da análise térmica. A obtenção da cinética de degradação térmica não isotérmica elucidou sua energia de ativação (95,14 KJ.mol-1), ordem de reação (0) e temperatura de decomposição térmica (238,3 a 297,4°C). Estudos preliminares de estabilidade identificaram intensa susceptibilidade a degradação em condições básicas e oxidativas. Os aspectos físicos da NEQ envolvem estruturas cristalinas (5,5; 16,3 e 44,18° 2ϴ), de formato acicular, com diâmetro médio dos aglomerados de 12,48 μm. A validação do método de doseamento por Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência (CLAE-DAD) foi realizada em coluna C18 (25 cm x 4mm , 5μm ) fase reversa, com fase móvel composta por acetonitrila:H2O (85:15) e fluxo de 2 mL.min-1, sendo a solubilidade aquosa do protótipo inferior ao limite de quantificação do método (0,0001 μg.mL-1). O desenvolvimento do método de dissolução apresentou o meio de pH 1,2 com 1% de lauril sulfato de sódio como condição ótima para a execução das análises. As dispersões sólidas foram obtidas través do método do solvente (diclorometano), utilizando como matriz a hidroxipropilmetilcelulose (HPMC). O lote HPMC02 apresentou incremento de 28,57 e 11% na eficiência de dissolução (ED%) da DS binária (120 min), em comparação ao LPSF/GQ-130 isolado à mistura física (MF), respectivamente. A solubilidade da DS em água e em meio de dissolução foi incrementada em 7,7x106% e 1,99x103%, respectivamente. A obtenção dos sistemas ternários demonstrou maior ED% para a MF do que para a DS (47,45 e 44,97, respectivamente). Assim, pode-se concluir que o método empregado na obtenção da DS foi eficiente para a obtenção de DS binárias, entretanto, não repercutiu em melhoras para o sistema ternário. Ambos os sistemas constituem matérias-primas aperfeiçoadas para o desenvolvimento tecnológico de formas farmacêuticas a base deste protótipo.

We present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array observations of the GQ Lup system, a young Sun-like star with a substellar-mass companion in a wide-separation orbit. These observations of 870 mu m continuum and CO J = 3-2 line emission with beam size similar to 0."3 (similar to 45 au) resolve the disk of dust and gas surrounding the primary star, GQ Lup A, and provide deep limits on any circumplanetary disk surrounding the companion, GQ Lup b. The circumprimary dust disk is compact with an FWHM of 59 +/- 12 au, while the gas has a larger extent with a characteristic radius of 46.5 +/- 1.8 au. By forward-modeling the velocity field of the circumprimary disk based on the CO emission, we constrain the mass of GQ Lup. A to be M-* = (1.03 +/- 0.05) * (d/156 pc) M-circle dot, where d is a known distance, and determine that we view the disk at an inclination angle of 60 degrees 5 +/- 0 degrees 5 and a position angle of 346 degrees +/- 1 degrees. The 3s upper limit on the 870 mu m flux density of any circumplanetary disk associated with GQ Lup b of <0.15 mJy implies an upper limit on the dust disk mass of <0.04M(circle dot) for standard assumptions about optically thin emission. We discuss proposed mechanisms for the formation of wide-separation substellar companions given the non-detection of circumplanetary disks around GQ Lup b and other similar systems.

This dissertation explores what it means to “Act Upon” measure-based feedback in the group therapy context. Eleven group leaders at three college counseling centers were provided feedback completed by their group members using the Group Questionnaire (GQ) and the Outcome Questionnaire (OQ-45). Researchers selected two a priori ways in which the feedback could be “acted upon”: via GQ Use and GQ Value. Leaders reported their use and value of the feedback using two data sources—weekly leader slips and end-of-term debrief interview transcripts. Both sources of data were content analyzed across several phases of coding. The resultant categories are intended to provide a preliminary understanding of how leaders treat the feedback received. Dimensions were then added to consolidate the meaning of the categories into a temporal pattern. Finally, using the resultant data, a scheme for quantifying the “acted upon” construct is proposed in effort to develop a potential moderator or mediator variable for future quantitative analyses. Implications of the dissertation are then discussed.

No description available.

The current dissertation is a replication of a pilot study and aims to define what it means for group leaders to "act on" feedback from a group therapy process measure called the Group Questionnaire (GQ). Twelve leaders received feedback reports based on group member responses to the GQ after each session. Leaders submitted two sources of qualitative data: brief written session-by-session explanations of feedback use and end-of-semester debrief interviews to describe their experience with the measure. Researchers conducted a qualitative content analysis that yielded 15 categories of leader GQ use summarized by three temporal dimensions. Quantitative analyses were performed to test for variability in leader use. Categories common to both the pilot study and the current study were established, and the two data sets were merged to create one complete data set. A brief questionnaire designed to summarize leader use is introduced, and quantitative analyses were performed to test the relationship between this measure and qualitative findings. Finally, implications of these findings are discussed.

Multi-wavelength observations provide a complementary view of the formation of young, directly imaged planetmass companions. We report the ALMA 1.3 mm and Magellan adaptive optics H alpha, i', z', and YS observations of the GQ Lup system, a classical T Tauri star with a 10-40 M-Jup substellar companion at similar to 110 au projected separation. We estimate the accretion rates for both components from the observed Ha fluxes. In our similar to 0.'' 05 resolution ALMA map, we resolve GQ Lup A's disk in the. dust continuum, but no signal is found from the companion. The disk is compact, with a radius of similar to 22 au, a dust mass of similar to 6M(circle plus), an inclination angle of similar to 56 degrees, and a very flat surface density profile indicative of a radial variation in dust grain sizes. No gaps or inner cavity are found in the disk, so there is unlikely a massive inner companion to scatter GQ Lup B outward. Thus, GQ Lup B might have formed in situ via disk fragmentation or prestellar core collapse. We also show that GQ Lup A's disk is misaligned with its spin axis, and possibly with GQ Lup B's orbit. Our analysis on the tidal truncation radius of GQ Lup A's disk suggests that GQ Lup B's orbit might have a low eccentricity.

No description available.

Off-policy reinforcement learning is useful in many contexts. Maei, Sutton, Szepesvari, and others, have recently introduced a new class of algorithms, the most advanced of which is GQ(lambda), for off-policy reinforcement learning. These algorithms are the first stable methods for general off-policy learning whose computational complexity scales linearly with the number of parameters, thereby making them potentially applicable to large applications involving function approximation. Despite these promising theoretical properties, these algorithms have received no significant empirical test of their effectiveness in off-policy settings prior to the current work. Here, GQ(lambda) is applied to a variety of prediction and control domains, including on a mobile robot, where it is able to learn multiple optimal policies in parallel from random actions. Overall, we find GQ(lambda) to be a promising algorithm for use with large real-world continuous learning tasks. We believe it could be the base algorithm of an autonomous sensorimotor robot.

La mélatonine est une neurohormone, principalement synthétisée par la glande pinéale et exerçant ses fonctions physiologiques via ses deux récepteurs MT1 et MT2 couplés aux protéines G. Ces derniers sont principalement exprimés dans le cerveau, la rétine et plusieurs autres tissus périphériques pour réguler une grande variété de fonctions physiologiques telles que les rythmes circadiens et saisonniers, la physiologie de la rétine, l'homéostasie du glucose et les fonctions neuronales et immunitaires. Les récepteurs de la mélatonine modulent plusieurs voies de transduction de signaux intracellulaires et inhibent la production d'AMPc et de GMPc et activent les « Extracellular signal-Regulated Kinases » 1/2 (ERK1/2) et les canaux ioniques. Ce travail met l'accent sur le rôle central de la voie ERK1/2 dans la fonction des récepteurs de la mélatonine en définissant la ou les voies moléculaires impliquées et en étudiant les modifications de cette voie dans les conditions pathologiques. Dans l'article 1, nous décortiquons les voies moléculaires impliquées dans l'activation de la voie ERK1/2 par les récepteurs humains MT1 et MT2 dans des cellules HEK293, un modèle cellulaire pertinent. Nous montrons ainsi que les β-arrestines ne participent pas à l’activation d’ERK1/2 induite par les deux récepteurs. Alors que l'activation d'ERK1/2 par MT1 est exclusivement médiée par des protéines Gi/o en libérant leurs sous-unités Gβy, MT2 est strictement dépendante de l'activation coopérative des protéines Gi/o et Gq/11. Les deux récepteurs activent plus en aval la cascade PI3K/PKCζ/c-Raf/MEK/ERK, avec laquelle ils forment des méga-complexes de signalisation préformés. Le phénomène de coopérativité au niveau des protéines G a également été observé plus en aval au niveau des gènes cibles d’ERK1/2 mais pas pour la voie Gi/cAMP. Ce travail a permis de fournir la première description complète de la voie ERK activée par MT1 et MT2, de mettre en évidence des différences entre les deux récepteurs et décrire un nouveau modèle de coopérativité entre les protéines Gi/o et Gq/11.Les variants naturels d’un récepteur peuvent avoir des propriétés de signalisation et des fonctions physiologiques modifiées. L'évaluation fonctionnelle de tels variants associés à des maladies est extrêmement importante pour établir un lien entre la fonction modifiée et la maladie pour concevoir d’éventuelles nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiques. Dans l'article 2, nous avons établi le profil de signalisation de 40 variants naturels du récepteur MT2 associés au diabète de type 2 (DT2). La voie ERK1/2 a été mesurée en suivant la phosphorylation d’ERK directement dans des lysats cellulaires avec la technologie alpha-screen. En résumé, l'article 2 a confirmé l'association générale entre la perte de fonction du récepteur MT2 et l'augmentation du risque de DT2 et a montré que la voie ERK1/2 ne fait pas partie des principales voies associées au DT2.La génération et l'agrégation des peptides amyloïdes bêta (Aβ) est le principal marqueur moléculaire de la maladie d'Alzheimer (MA). Chez les patients atteints de MA, les deux composants du système mélatoninergique, à savoir la production de mélatonine et la fonction des récepteurs de la mélatonine, sont nettement réduits. Cependant, les mécanismes moléculaires y participant ne sont pas encore bien compris. Dans l'article 3, nous démontrons que l'Aß abolit la synthèse de la mélatonine et diminue les fonctions de MT1 et MT2 telle que l'activation de la voie ERK1/2 par la mélatonine. Ce travail fournit une base mécanistique pour expliquer la diminution de la fonction du système mélatoninergique chez les patients atteints de la MA.En résumé, cette thèse fournit de nouvelles idées sur la façon dont les récepteurs humains de la mélatonine activent la voie ERK1/2 et comment cette activation est modifiée par Aβ dans le contexte de la MA et par des variants de MT2 associés au DT2. / The neurohormone melatonin, primarily synthesized by the pineal gland, exerts its physiological functions by two high-affinity G protein-coupled receptors: MT1 and MT2. Both are widely expressed in the brain, retina and several other peripheral tissues to regulate a wide variety of physiological function such as circadian and seasonal rhythms, retinal physiology, glucose homeostasis and neuronal and immune functions. Melatonin receptors modulate several intracellular signal transduction pathways and inhibit cAMP and cGMP production and activate extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) and ion channels. This work focuses on the central role of ERK1/2 signaling in melatonin receptor function by defining the molecular pathway(s) involved and by studying modifications of this pathway under disease conditions. In article 1, we decipher the molecular pathways involved in the activation of the ERK1/2 signaling cascade by human MT1 and MT2 receptors in HEK293 cells, a relevant cellular model system. We show that β-arrestins do not participate in ERK1/2 activation by both receptors. Whereas ERK1/2 activation by MT1 is exclusively mediated though Gi/o proteins by liberating Gβγ subunits, MT2 is strictly dependent on the cooperative activation of Gi/o and Gq/11 proteins. Both receptors activate further downstream the PI3K/PKCζ/c-Raf/MEK/ERK cascade, with which they are forming preformed mega-signaling complexes. G protein cooperativity was also observed further downstream on the ERK1/2 target gene level but not for the Gi/cAMP pathway. This work provides the first full description of the ERK signaling pathway activated by MT1 and MT2, highlights differences between the two receptors and describes a new cooperativity model between Gi/o and G/11 proteins.Naturally occurring receptor variants might have modified signal transduction properties and modified physiological functions. The functional assessment of disease-associated variants is therefore extremely important to establish a link between modified function and disease to eventually design new therapeutic strategies. In article 2, we established the ERK1/2 signaling profile of 40 natural MT2 variants associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) by measuring ERK phosphorylation directly in cell lysates with the alpha-screen technology. Collectively, article 2 confirmed the general association between loss-of-function of MT2 and increased T2D risk and showed that the ERK1/2 pathway is not among those pathways primarily associated to T2D risk.Generation and aggregation of the amyloid-beta peptides (Aβ) is the main molecular hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In AD patients both components of the melatoninergic system, i.e. melatonin production and melatonin receptor function, are markedly reduced. However, the mechanistic basis for that is still poorly understood. In article 3, we demonstrate that Aβ abolishes melatonin synthesis and diminishes MT1- and MT2 functions such as the activation of the ERK1/2 pathway by melatonin. This work provides a mechanistic basis for the diminished responsiveness of the melatoninergic system in AD patients.Collectively, this thesis provides new insights on how human melatonin receptors promote ERK1/2 activation and how this activation is modified by Aβ in the context of AD and by MT2 variants associated with T2D.