This diploma thesis serves as a design and implementation of a hobby CNC milling machine, for the modeling community. The work is conceived as an overview of the most common machining technologies. The following is an introduction to the construction of CNC milling machines and an introduction to the basic components used. Furthermore, the actual design proposals and a description of the implementation of two of them are presented. When designing the machine, emphasis was placed on the lowest possible price and availability of individual components.

El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado. / This work proposes the design of a low cost semi-industrial three degree of freedom CNC vertical milling center (VMC) with non-ferrous metal machining capabilities. The design seeks to mitigate the difficulties that acquiring a commercial industrial CNC can present, such as large dimensions, high cost and complications in its transportation within the plant. The proposed machine will be made up of 1 NEMA 23 stepper motor for each X, Y and Z axis, and will be controlled by open source firmware using an ATMEGA 2560 microcontroller. Likewise, the working area will be 320x180mm and will have a precision 100 microns with semi industrial capacities. This design is aimed at small and medium-sized companies that are looking for a low cost non-ferrous CNC milling machine that in turn has the quality, performance and precision of an industrial one.

This thesis is focused on proposing a design and providing the realisation of a CNC drill used for printed circuits. The first section is concerned with researching the background of CNC drills, which is followed by the proposed design and realisation of a custom model. Fundamental calculations and individual constructional aspects were carried out based on the chosen parameters. Furthermore, the operating electronic functions and the description of a G-code generating program is the main content of the second section. Finally, the last part of this thesis includes economic evaluation and the CNC drill’s assessment in practice.

This diploma thesis serves as experimental proof of real world capabilities of computer designed hobby CNC milling machine with its parts printed on a 3D printer. First half is a brief introduction of CNC technologies to non-professional audience. Second part together with 3D model works as manual to build your own machine. Priority was to keep costs to minimum with decent accuracy still in mind.

This report documents the design and construction of a computer-controlled engraver (CNC engraver). Whereas most common machines used for this purpose are dimensioned towards milling, this project aims to create a dedicated engraver which could be of reduced size and complexity in comparison to standard CNC routers. This is partly because engraving imparts no need for a spindle motor, and that the machine only needs to withstand forces related to engraving, which are often significantly smaller than those present when milling. The proposed construction is designed towards use on aluminium and retains about the size of a laptop computer. Additionally, it should allow for engraving on material of almost any size, which is not a common feature in CNC machines. The design uses Arduino and open-source software to generate and execute G-code and is built with off-the-shelf components as well as both 3D-printed and machined components. Key conclusions are that it is indeed possible to make such a machine and that it could fulfil some useful purposes, even if the prototype, as built, has some issues with structural rigidity and therefore the final tolerances of the engraving. These issues primarily stem from the assembly supporting the Z-Axis and engraving bit, which lacks the stiffness needed for desirable results. Taking the fairly low complexity of the build and the price tag of under 2000 SEK in consideration, the prospects are deemed as promising. / Denna rapport beskriver konstruktionen och byggandet av en datorkontrollerad (CNC) gravyrmaskin. Emedan de gängse maskinerna för detta ändamål är en vanlig fräs eller dylikt, så syftar detta projekt att bygga en dedikerad gravyrmaskin, som då jämförelsevis kan vara av reducerad storlek och komplexitet. Maskinen använder Arduino och öppen källkod för att generera och exekvera G-kod, och byggs med inköpta standardkomponenter, såväl som både 3D-printade och egentillverkade komponenter. De främsta slutsatserna är att det mycket riktigt går att bygga en sådan maskin, och det finns användningsområden för en sådan, även om prototypen som den slutligen blev har problem med styvhet, och därför även med noggrannheten i gravyrerna.

This diploma thesis deals with the issue of fast high-quality prototype production of printed circuit boards for the needs of the mechatronics lab. Within the scope of this thesis a prototype machine was proposed and created together with control software, which by the help of DLP projector and two stage axis allows to produce printed circuit board in relatively short period of time.