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As colunas de Héracles/Melqart no final da Idade do Bronze: O uso do SIG na compreensão da expansão fenícia em território tartésico a partir de Gádir (séculos IX ao VI a. C.) / The Herakles/Melqart Pillars at the Final Bronze: The use of GIS in the comprehension of Phoenician expansion in the Tartessian territory from Gadir (9th to 6th century BC)Lima, Rodrigo Araujo de 17 July 2018 (has links)
A Idade do Bronze Ibérico foi um período marcado pela chegada dos fenícios na Ibéria. Essa população semítica fundou diversos assentamentos ao longo das margens mediterrânea e atlântica da Península Ibérica. No entanto, será na antiga Gádir (atual Cádiz), que se encontram um dos registros arqueológicos mais antigos que testemunham essa expansão fenícia frente aos já estabelecidos assentamentos tartésicos. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo estudar o desenvolvimento da cidade de Gádir, na Baía de Cádiz, sul da Península Ibérica, a partir do contato entre fenícios e tartésicos do século IX a.C. até o século VI a.C. assim como verificar, pelo uso do Sistema de Informação Geográfico (SIG), nos valendo de técnicas de geoprocessamento aplicadas à Arqueologia, tais como o DEM (Digital Elevation Model), o LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging), Ortofotografias bem como a Análise Espacial de Visibilidade (Viewshed Analysis) para compreender como uma nova paisagem foi construída em um ambiente de intensas trocas culturais entre autóctones e alóctones. Temos como intenção, apoiados nas discussões mais recentes, averiguar a progressão urbana fenícia frente à uma hinterlândia tartésica e como foi o o processo dessa interação e sua consequência para ambos. É nossa intenção, sobretudo, trazer o Extremo Ocidente para o debate uma vez que esta é considerada uma região periférica no Mundo Antigo. / The Iberian Bronze Age was a period marked by the arrival of the Phoenicians in Iberia. This Semitic population founded several settlements along the Mediterranean and Atlantic shores of the Iberian Peninsula. However, it will be in ancient Gádir (present-day Cadiz) that one of the earliest archaeological records that testify to this Phoenician expansion in front of the established Tartessian settlements. This research aims to study the development of the city of Gádir in the Bay of Cadiz, south of the Iberian Peninsula, from the contact between Phoenicians and Tartesians from the 9th century BC until the 6th century BC, as well as verifying, through the use of the Information System (GIS), using geoprocessing techniques applied to Archaeology, such as the Digital Elevation Model (DEM), LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging), Orthophotos as well as the Viewshed Analysis to understand how a new landscape was built in an environment of intense cultural exchanges between autochthonous and allochthonous. We intend, based on the most recent discussions, to ascertain the Phoenician urban progression ahead of the Tartessian hinterland and how was the process of this interaction and its consequences for both. It is our intention, above all, to bring the Far West to the debate since it is considered a peripheral region in the Ancient World.
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The Phoenician Trade Network: Tracing a Mediterranean Exchange SystemPuckett, Neil 1983- 14 March 2013 (has links)
The Phoenicians were known as artisans, merchants, and seafarers by the 10th century B.C.E. They exchanged raw and finished goods with people in many cultural spheres of the ancient world and accumulated wealth in the process. A major factor that aided their success was the establishment of colonies along the Mediterranean and eastern Atlantic coasts. These colonies, established by the eighth century B.C.E., supplied valuable raw materials to the major Phoenician cities in the Levant, while also providing additional markets abroad. Excavations at a myriad of these colonial sites have recovered materials that can be used to identify connections between the colonies, the Levantine cities, and non-Phoenician cultures across the ancient world. By establishing these connections the system of maritime exchange can be better understood and modeled as the Phoenician Trade Network. This network involved both direct and indirect exchange of raw and finished products, people, as well as political and cultural ideas. The colonies were involved in various activities including ceramics production, metallurgy, trade, and agriculture. Native peoples they interacted with provided valuable goods, especially metals, which were sent east to supply the Near Eastern Markets. The Phoenician Trade Network was a system of interconnected, moderately independent population centers which all participated in the advancement of Phoenician mercantilism and wealth. Ultimately, the network collapsed in the sixth century B.C.E. allowing other powers such as the Romans, Carthaginians, and Greeks to replace them as the dominant merchants of the Mediterranean.
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