Thesis (M.S.)--University of British Columbia, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 47-50). Also available online (PDF file) by a subscription to the set or by purchasing the individual file.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of British Columbia, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 47-50).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2006. / Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 127-135). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 127-135). Also available online (PDF file) by a subscription to the set or by purchasing the individual file.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Delaware, 2009. / Principal faculty advisor: Irene S. Davis, Dept. of Physical Therapy. Includes bibliographical references.

No description available.

Falling is a significant risk for older adults in Canada. Suffering a fall can result in injury and reduced quality of life which may include loss of autonomy. Additionally, injuries and rehabilitation from falls are a significant resource burden on the healthcare system. With the increasing proportion of older adults in Canada, there will be an increase in incidence of falls. Early identification of fall-risk is an essential step for the prevention of falls, and will provide the opportunity for fall-prevention interventions for at-risk older adults. This research is comprised of four projects that investigate and enhance current methods of fall risk detection which has potential to improve the quality of life of older adults. The first study was a scoping review that identified tools for self-assessment of fall-risk. Seven distinct fall-risk self-assessments were identified; of which most were survey based. The most effective self-assessment tools were those that included physical assessments, with interactive technology-based assessments showing exceptional promise in preliminary studies. While self-assessment is an important first-line defense for fall-risk identification and monitoring, more sensitive measures that require administration by trained professionals are likely required for accurate prediction of fall risk. The second project concurrently investigated a battery of clinical, physiological, and biomechanical assessments, to determine which measures, alone or in combination, best retrospectively classified fall risk. Ten clinical balance and mobility tests, comprising 40 unique measures, 5 physiological assessments, and 45 gait measures were included. From this extensive battery, only 5 measures were required to classify fallers with 92% sensitivity and consisted only of gait measures. A practical clinical fall risk detection tool must be both time efficient and accurate. Thus it is essential to determine the minimum amount of reliable data that is required to maintain accuracy. To this end, based on the value of walking gait assessment for fall risk detection, it is essential to determine the minimum number of strides required to accurately classify fallers. To determine the number of strides required to identify fallers, subsets of a large sample of gait data measured with a GAITRite™ pressure sensing walkway were created and compared for internal consistency and variance between the reduced and complete data sets. For measures of mean values for dual-task and difference scores of walking gait it was determined that a minimum of 10 strides are required, while for measures of variability between 30-50 strides, are required. It is encouraged to acquire as much gait data as possible, however, reasonable limits may be set to reduce the strain on older adults. This will allow for studies to include additional measures, such as clinical tests which prolong the experiment duration, to produce a clinically viable tool. Emerging technologies allow research to remain at the cutting edge and provide opportunities to expand into new markets. The use of Microsoft Kinect V2 for measurement of walking gait will allow for long term monitoring of fall status in the homes of older adults. To this end, we developed a walking stride detection algorithm that can be utilized for measurement of gait. The proven measurement accuracy of the Microsoft Kinect depth sensing capability coupled with an accurate and reliable stride detection algorithm provides the opportunity for affordable and portable gait analysis. This algorithm can be utilized with any 3D depth sensing technology, and future investigations will assess the accuracy across devices and clinical populations. / Graduate / 2019-09-14

Orientador: João Batista de Miranda / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T15:26:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_HesojyGleyPereiraVitalda_M.pdf: 1546474 bytes, checksum: 4af0be8378ecbdaf147f20da8c40d18f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho é demonstrar a presença e a magnitude de determinadas variáveis biomecânicas na marcha de indivíduos com osteoartrite (OA) do compartimento medial de joelho. Em seguida, tentar relacioná-las com o carregamento do joelho, representado pelos picos precoce e tardio de momento adutor, na busca de fenômenos adaptativos ou de agravamento da patologia. Para isto, 16 indivíduos saudáveis e 21 indivíduos diagnosticados com OA do compartimento medial do joelho sintomáticos foram submetidos à análise da marcha e em seguida comparadas variáveis nos três planos espaciais. Avaliando os parâmetros espaço-temporais, observou-se que o grupo com OA apresentou redução de todos os valores (comprimento da passada, cadência, velocidade e tempo de ciclo) em relação ao grupo controle, principalmente representados pela redução da velocidade (0,8±0,1 vs. 1,1±0,1m/s). Exceção feita ao percentual da fase apoio que não apresentou modificação significativa. Na avaliação cinética, tanto o pico precoce do momento adutor (2,6±1,2 vs. 0,3±1,4 Nm/kg) quanto o pico tardio do momento adutor se apresentaram elevados nos indivíduos com OA (1,8±0,7 vs. 0,9±0,2 Nm/kg). Observação semelhante ocorreu no plano frontal, com maior pico do momento flexor (1,6±0,9 vs. 0,6±0,4 Nm/kg). Na cinemática, elevado pico de varo dinâmico (11,5o±8,3 vs. 3o±3,9) foi observado no plano frontal. No plano sagital, durante a fase de apoio, indivíduos com OA apresentaram maior pico de flexão (15,6o±8 vs. 9,3o±4,1), com tendência a menor extensão (5,5o±8,5). No mesmo plano, já na fase de balanço,os indivíduos com OA apresentaram menor pico de flexão (58,7o±13,3 vs. 67,5o±4,8). Elevados picos de rotação externa caracterizou a marcha de pacientes com OA (25,5o±12,7 vs. 0,5o±12,4). Os picos de ângulos e de momentos ocorreram nas mesmas fases da marcha nos dois grupos. Foi possível concluir que pacientes com OA do compartimento medial do joelho apresentam importantes modificações na marchaem relação a indivíduos saudáveis principalmente representados pelo elevado carregamento do joelho além de aumento da rotação externa e redução da velocidade. Esses últimos são estudados como possíveis fatores adaptativos e se mostraram insuficientes para manter o carregamento em valores normais. Foi ainda observado aumento do momento flexor e tendência a marcha em flexão no apoio como possível conseqüência destas adaptações. Os principais eventos cinéticos e cinemáticos ocorreram nas mesmas fases da marcha em ambos os grupos demonstrando que não há mudanças grosseiras no padrão da marcha / Abstract: The aim of this study is to demonstrate the presence and magnitude of certain biomechanical variables during gait in individuals with osteoarthritis (OA) of the medial compartment of the knee. Then, try to relate them to the loading of the knee, represented by the early and late peaks of adduction moment, searching for adaptive phenomena or aggravation of the condition. For this, 16 healthy subjects and 21 subjects diagnosed with symptomatic medial compartment OA of the knee underwent gait analysis and then compared variables in the three spatial planes. Assessing the spatio-temporal, it was observed that the group with OA showed a reduction of all values (step length, cadence, speed and cycle time) than the control group, represented mainly by reducing speed (0.8 ± 0.1 vs. 1.1 ± 0.1 m / s). The percentage of stance phase did not show significant change. In the kinetic evaluation, both the early adduction moment peak (2.6 ± 1.2 vs. 0.3 ± 1.4 Nm / kg) and the late adductor moment peak is presented elevated in patients with OA (1.8 ± 0.7 vs. 0.9 ± 0.2 Nm / kg). A similar observation occurred in the frontal plane, with higher flexor moment peak (1.6 ± 0.9 vs. 0.6 ± 0.4 Nm / kg). In the cinematic, high dynamic varus peak (11.5o ± 8.3 vs the. 3o ± 3.9) was observed in the frontal plane. In the sagittal plane, during the stance phase, patients with OA had higher flexion peak (15.6o ± 8 vs. 9.3o ± 4.1), tending to decrease extension (5.5o to ± 8.5). On the same plane, in the swing phase, subjects with OA had lower flexion peak (58.7o ± 13.3 vs. 67.5o ± 4.8). High peaks marked external rotation gait in patients with OA (25.5o ± 12.7 vs. 0.5o ± 12.4). The angles and moments peaks occurred on the same stages of gait in both groups. It was concluded that patients with OA of the medial compartment of the knee show significant changes in gait compared to healthy subjects represented mainly by the high loading of the knee as well as increased external rotation and speed reduction. External rotation and speed reduction are studied as possible adaptive factors and were insufficient to maintain the normal load in this study. It was also showed increased flexor moment and tends to flexion gait as a possible consequence of these adaptive variables. The main kinetic and kinematic events occurred in the same stages of gait in both groups showing that no substantial changes in the gait pattern / Mestrado / Fisiopatologia Cirúrgica / Mestre em Ciências da Cirurgia

Orientadores: Anamarli Nuccic Alberto Cliquet Jr / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T03:23:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Casanova_ManuelaAmaralMucci_M.pdf: 2345728 bytes, checksum: f66ccc6bdf60b6250a95b5911fe73602 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: A Distrofia Miotônica tipo 1 é doença multisistêmica que afeta com freqüência o músculo estriado, repercutindo na marcha, a qual pode apresentar-se em um espectro, desde muito anormal a sutis alterações de difícil caracterização através da visão humana. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar as variáveis espaciais, temporais e cinemáticas da marcha de afetados pela doença. Desenhou-se estudo prospectivo do tipo caso (n = 10) e controles (n = 20); os sujeitos foram investigados quanto à clínica da marcha e submetidos ao teste de força muscular. Marcadores reflexivos foram fixados em membros superiores, inferiores, tronco e pelve. A marcha, com pés descalços, ocorreu em passarela de 6 metros, capturada por 6 câmeras. Foram coletadas e analisadas 3 amostras de cada participante através do Sistema Qualisys®. Utilizou-se o Teste Exato de Fisher e o Teste de Mann-Whitney para a comparação das variáveis demográficas entre os grupos e a estatística descritiva dos casos. Encontrou-se alterações laboratoriais nos 10 pacientes, embora 04 não tivessem clínica de marcha anormal. O comprimento da passada foi diminuído em 80% dos casos, cadência menor em 30% e velocidade lenta em 40%. Anormalidade no movimento do quadril foi observada em 100% dos pacientes, da pelve em 90% e do tornozelo em 70%. O exame laboratorial da marcha permitiu diagnosticar alterações precoces, antes do aparecimento de déficit muscular à oposição de força, como ocorreu em 2 casos. A disfunção da marcha em laboratório esteve associada à fraqueza muscular distal isoladamente em 40%; e em associação com déficit proximal e distal em outros 40% / Abstract: Myotonic Dystrophy type 1 is a multisystemic disease that frequently affects the striated muscle with repercussion on gait. Gait function may be very abnormal or exhibit subtle alterations of difficult characterization by the human eyes. With objective to analyse the spatiotemporal and kinematics variables parameters of gait in patients affected by the disease, a prospective study of type case (n = 10) and controls (n = 20) was designed. The subjects were investigated in relation to clinical aspects of gait and submitted to the muscular force test. Reflexive markers were affixed in the upper and lower extremities, trunk and pelvis. A barefooted gait was performed in a 6-meter runway and captured by 6 ProReflex cameras. Three samples of each patient were collected and analyzed by the Qualisys® System. The Exact Test of Fisher and the Mann-Whitney Test were used for comparison of demographic variables between the groups and a descriptive statistic for cases. Abnormalities were found in all 10 patients, although 4 had no clinical evidence of gait problems. Stride was diminished in 80% of the cases, cadence in 30% and slow speed in 40%. Gait dysfunction was observed in 100% of the patients¿ hips, 90% of pelvis and 70% of ankles. The laboratory examination of gait allows early detection of alterations, even before the appearance of muscular deficit by manual force opposition test as occurred in two cases. Gait dysfunction observed in the laboratory was associated with distal muscular weakness in 40% of the patients and in association with proximal and distal deficits in others 40% / Mestrado / Ciencias Biomedicas / Mestre em Ciências Médicas

M.Tech. (Chiropractic) / During gait the force transferred through the body is dived between the two lower limbs, according to Kaplan, Barak & Spiel (2012) this force should to be constant and equal with each gait cycle in an asymptomatic individual. In the presence of spinal dysfunction there is an alteration of sensory motor integration as a result of impaired proprioception (Taylor & Murphy, 2007), this altered proprioception may then produce a negative effect on the fore distribution during gait, resulting in abnormal biomechanics and an altered gait pattern. Chiropractic adjustments have been shown to restore normal biomechanics to the spine and in so doing improve proprioception. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of cervical and lumbar chiropractic adjustments on the force distribution through the lower limbs during gait. Method: Thirty participants between the ages of 18 and 45 were invited to participate in the study. The details of the study were fully explained to each participant, after which an informed consent form was signed, followed by a full physical examination to determine if the potential participant was eligible for inclusion in the study, and did not have any of the following exclusion criteria. Individuals suffering from any form of mechanical back pain, hip, knee and ankle pathologies, females, and individuals were manipulation was contra-indicated were excluded from the study. A full lumbar or cervical spine examination was then performed in order to test for joint dysfunction. The participants then underwent gait testing after which they then received either a cervical or lumbar spine adjustment to the dysfunctioning joint. Procedure: The participants received a total of seven chiropractic adjustments with the objective data being recorded on the first, fourth and seventh consultations. The objective data was captured with the Zebris FDM gait analysis system. The system consisted of a 3 meter long sensory platform that is built into the floor, the pressure platform was made up of multiple force sensors arranged in a matrix of columns and rows and was capable of measuring the exact force through each lower limb during gait. The recorded sensory information was transferred to the WinFDM program which then interpreted all the data.