v, 78 leaves : photo., graphs, tables ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Entomology, Waite Agricultural Research Institute, 1978

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of New South Wales, 2003. / Also available online.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1999. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. [141]-152).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 1998. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 77-86). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 1998. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 77-86). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (M.S. in Physics)--Naval Postgraduate School, January 1964. / Thesis Advisor(s): Hawns, William W. "January 1964." Description based on title screen as viewed on June 2, 2010 DTIC Descriptor(s): (Neutron Flux), (Research Reactors, Measurement, Neutron Activation, Reactor Lattice Parameters, Reactor Control, Power, Reactor Operation, Reactor Power Density, Scintillation Counters, Foils (Materials), Gold, Gamma Rays, Nuclear Radiation Spectrometers, Indium, Monitors, Errors, Probability, Statistical Analysis. DTIC Identifier(s): AGN-201 Reactors. Includes bibliographical references (p. 20). Also available in print.

Em serviços de radioterapia são utilizados acessórios confeccionados com diversos tipos de polímeros para auxiliar no posicionamento dos pacientes durante o tratamento e na execução das rotinas de trabalho. A radiação gama pode causar nos polímeros degradação de sua estrutura molecular que além de reduzir sua eficiência na assepsia e seu tempo de vida útil, pode também eliminar compostos orgânicos nocivos ao ambiente de trabalho. Neste trabalho é apresentado o estudo da degradação causada pela exposição à radiação gama em polímeros utilizados em serviços de radioterapia. Amostras de policarbonato (PC), polipropileno (PP), polimetilmetacrilato (PMMA) e compósito de poliuretana derivada de óleo de mamona com juta (PU-Juta), foram expostas a doses de radiação gama de 5 kGy (dose de algumas semanas de rotinas de radioterapia) a 25 kGy (dose de esterilização), sendo analisadas por espectrometria de absorção na região do infravermelho, indentação instrumentada, ângulo de contato e análise termogravimétrica. O PU-Juta mostrou-se o mais adequando para utilização, pois apresenta fragilização no material somente com doses acima de 20 kGy, por não perder sua característica hidrofílica permitindo assepsia de forma eficiente e por não possuir compostos orgânicos voláteis nocivos em sua composição. O PC apresentou indícios de fragilização a partir de 5 kGy, reduzindo drasticamente o tempo de vida útil e sendo o menos indicado em serviços onde haja exposição à radiação ionizante. / Radiotherapy Services uses many different types of polymeric accessories to assist in the positioning of patients during treatment and work routines. Gamma radiation can cause material degradation and allow that harmful compounds are released into the air. Also can harm the efficiency of sterilization and reduce the accessories useful life. This paper presents the study of the degradation caused by exposure to gamma radiation in polymers used in radiotherapy services. Samples of polycarbonate (PC), polypropylene (PP), polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and a composite of polyurethane derived from castor oil with Jute (PU-Jute) were exposed to gamma radiation doses of 5 kGy (few weeks of routines radiotherapy) to 25 kGy (sterilization dose) and analyzed by infrared spectroscopy, instrumented indentation, contact angle and thermal analysis. The PU-Jute samples proved to be the most fitting for use in places with radiation exposure. The material embrittlement was detected above 20 kGy doses. Also does not change their hydrophilic characteristic allowing aseptic procedures efficiently and has no harmful volatile compounds in the composition. The PC samples showed signs of embrittlement with 5 kGy reducing drastically their lifetime. Therefore is not suited for radiotherapy services.

Resumo: Este trabalho teve como objetivo a investigação da interação de radiação gama com três polímeros: o polímero Poli(2-metóxi, 5-(2'-etil-hexilóx)-1,4- fenileno vinileno) (MEH-PPV)n e os polímeros solúveis em água Poly {[2,5-bis(2-(N,N-diethylamino)ethoxy) -1,4 -phenylene]-alt-1,4-phenylene} e o Poly [(2,5-bis (2 - (N,N - diethylammonium bromide) ethoxy) - 1,4 -phenylene) - alt - 1,4-phenylene]. O polímero MEH-PPV foi dissolvido nos solventes orgânicos clorofórmio e bromofórmio, já os outros dois polímeros, em água destilada e solução de HCI 1M. As amostras foram preparadas em várias concentrações e irradiadas com doses que variaram desde 0,01 Gy, sendo que cada amostra foi irradiada com apenas uma dose. Os resultados foram avaliados com técnicas espectroscópicas, sendo elas, espectroscopia de absorção óptica UV-visível e espectroscopia de fluorescência. Foi avaliada a alteração na posição do pico principal de absorção óptica com a dose absorvida pelas amostras. Como resultado principal, observou-se que os polímeros solúveis em água não apresentam alteração espectral após serem irradiados. Não sendo interessante para aplicação dosimétrica. Já para as amostras do polímero MEH-PPV diluídas em bromofórmio apresentaram alta sensibilidade para doses inferiores a 1 Gy, e apresentaram certa linearidade com a dose recebida (fator importante para aplicação dosimétrica). Para as amostras em clorofórmio, não foi observado deslocamento significativo do escpectro de absorção para doses inferiores a 1 Gy. No entanto para doses de 1 Gy à 90 Gy, o comportamento observado pode ser descrito por duas regiões lineares: uma com maior inclinação da reta para doses até cerca 30 Gy, e outro com inclinação da reta menor para doses entre 30 Gy e 90 Gy. O comportamento linear, assim como a inclinação da reta, do deslocamento da posição... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The subject of this work is the investigation of gamma radition interaction with tree polymers: the polymer Poli(2-metóxi, 5-(2'-etil-hexilóx)-1,4- fenileno vinileno) (MEH-PPV)n e os polímeros solúveis em água Poly {[2,5-bis(2-(N,N-diethylamino)ethoxy) -1,4 -phenylene]-alt-1,4-phenylene} e o Poly [(2,5-bis (2 - (N,N - diethylammonium bromide) ethoxy) - 1,4 -phenylene) - alt - 1,4-phenylene]. The MEH-PPV polymer was dissolved in organic solvents, choloroform and bromoform, the other two polymers in distilled water and 1 M aqueous HCI solution. The samples were prepared at various concentrations and irradiated with doses ranging from 0.01 Gy to 90 Gy. The results were evaluated by spectroscopic techniques, which were, UV-visible absorption spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy. They were evaluated the changes in the position of main optical absorption peak with the dose absorbed by the samples. As main result, it was observed that water-soluble polymers did not show spectral change after being irradiated. For dosimetric application this results are not interesting. For the MEH-PPV polymer samples diluted in bromoform presented highly sensitive to doses below 1 Gy, and showed some linearity with the dose received. For samples in chloroform, doses below 1 Gy did not showed significant shift in the absorption spectra. However, the samples irradiated with doses from 1 Gy to 90 Gy, the behavior can be described by two linear regions: one with a higher slope for doses up to about 30 Gy, and another with a lower slope for doses between 30 Gy and 90 Gy. A greater slope to doses up to about 30 Gy, and another with lower slope to doses between 30 and 90 Gy. The linear behavior and the slope of the main peak position is a important factor for dosimetric application. At the same time, a study of stability of the samples was performed. It was observed that the MEH-PPV samples in bromoform... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Orientador: Carlos Frederico de Oliveira Graeff / Coorientador: Marco Antonio Rodrigues Fernandes / Banca: Armando Beltran Flors / Banca: Antonio Ricardo Zanatta / O programa de Pós graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Materiais, PosMat, tem carater institucional e integra as atividades de pesquisa em materiais de diversos campi da Unesp / Mestre

abstract: This thesis deals with the first measurements done with a cold neutron beam at the Spallation Neutron Source at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The experimental technique consisted of capturing polarized cold neutrons by nuclei to measure parity-violation in the angular distribution of the gamma rays following neutron capture. The measurements presented here for the nuclei Chlorine ( 35Cl) and Aluminum ( 27Al ) are part of a program with the ultimate goal of measuring the asymmetry in the angular distribution of gamma rays emitted in the capture of neutrons on protons, with a precision better than 10-8, in order to extract the weak hadronic coupling constant due to pion exchange interaction with isospin change equal with one ( hπ 1). Based on theoretical calculations asymmetry in the angular distribution of the gamma rays from neutron capture on protons has an estimated size of 5·10-8. This implies that the Al parity violation asymmetry and its uncertainty have to be known with a precision smaller than 4·10-8. The proton target is liquid Hydrogen (H2) contained in an Aluminum vessel. Results are presented for parity violation and parity-conserving asymmetries in Chlorine and Aluminum. The systematic and statistical uncertainties in the calculation of the parity-violating and parity-conserving asymmetries are discussed. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Physics 2012

Initially the present study was confined to the effects of ultraviolet irradiation on acid-soluble collagen. Such a study was undertaken in order to demonstrate the critical role played by tyrosine and phenylalanine in the intermolecular interaction of the telopeptides protruding from the rigid parent collagen molecule. Since both tyrosine and phenylalanine are photosensitive, and because the collagen telopeptides are relatively rich in these aromatic amino acids, carefully controlled degradation studies involving telopeptide liberation could be made. It became increasingly apparent during the course of investigation, that a better understanding of the subunit composition of thermally denatured acid-soluble collagen was necessary if a satisfactory interpretation of the irradiation studies was to be made. A subsequent study of the subunit composition of thermally denatured acid-soluble collagen resulted in the isolation and characterisation of two major and two minor dimeric components as well as the α- and β - subunits. Three acidic telopeptides and three basic telopeptides were also isolated from acid-soluble collagen during the course of the present study. The presence of the dimeric components while related directly to the method of preparation, suggested that acid-soluble collagen was largely dimeric in nature. Such a conclusion suggested an intermolecular rather than an intraolecular relationship between neutral-salt-soluble and acid-soluble collagen. While it is currently accepted that an intramolecular relationship exists between neutral-salt-soluble and acid-soluble collagen, such a relationship does not satisfactorily explain the very different solubility characteristics displayed by these soluble collagen extracts. With this in mind, and using the study on the subunit composition of thermally denatured acid-soluble collagen as a basis for comparison, the intra and intermolecular relationship between neutral-salt-soluble and acid-soluble collagen was investigated using ultraviolet and gamma irradiation. The effects of ultraviolet and gamma irradiation on soluble collagen preparations proved very similar. Although collagen samples were irradiated in solution from an ultraviolet source; and under anhydrous conditions from a gamma source, much the same degradation mechanism resulted. The initial depolymerisation of dimeric material followed by peptide fission, yielding irradiation-resistant crystalline portions of the parent triple helix, took place in both instances. At the same time, both studies indicated no significant differences in the intra or intermolecular structures of the neutral-salt-soluble and acid-soluble preparations investigated. The dimer content of neutral-salt-soluble collagen preparations was, however, noted to be smaller. To current methods for the preparation of soluble collagens, it may be concluded that such preparations are peptideless to some degree. While the native tropocollagen monomer with its full complement of telopeptide side chains may actively undergo linear polymerisation resulting in fibre formation, the soluble collagen preparations referred to above may only aggregate in a rather random fashion.