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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Caracterização de allexivirus em alho nas regiões sul, sudeste e centro-oeste brasileiro e análise da sanidade vegetal do alho obtido por cultura de meristema e termoterapia na FCA/UNESP

Oliveira, Milena Leite de [UNESP] 26 February 2013 (has links) (PDF)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-02-26Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:16:44Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 oliveira_ml_me_botfca.pdf: 455590 bytes, checksum: 218347d5d6d29182d829446929f57652 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / O alho é propagado através de bulbilhos, prática que favorece a transmissão, especialmente de vírus, dos quais pode-se citar os gêneros Allexivirus, Carlavirus e Potyvirus. As espécies pertencentes ao gênero Allexivirus são: Garlic virus A (GarV-A), Garlic virus B (GarV-B), Garlic virus C (GarV-C), Garlic virus D (GarV-D), Garlic virus E (GarV-E), Garlic virus X (GarV-X), Garlic mite-borne filamentous virus (GarMbFV) e Shallot virus X (ShVX). Entretanto, somente cinco destas espécies foram relatadas até o momento em alho no Brasil, o GarV-A, GarV-B, GarV-C, GarV-D e GarMbFV. A importância e ocorrência de cada um destes allexivirus foi estudada em alho nobre proveniente das regiões de Guarapuava, PR; Santa Juliana, MG; Cristalina, GO e Campo Alegre, GO; grandes regiões produtoras de alho nobre no Brasil e também em uma coleção de alho nobre e alho tropical mantida na Fazenda Experimental de São Manuel, SP da FCA/UNESP-Botucatu. Inicialmente a detecção foi realizada com um par de oligonucleotídeo universal, obtido neste trabalho, capaz de identificar as diferentes espécies de allexivirus seguida de detecção com oligonucleotídeos específicos para as espécies. Os resultados obtidos indicam a frequente ocorrência de infecções mistas entre espécies de allexivirus, com predominância do GarV-A e GarV-D. Das 348 amostras de alho analisadas, 89 estavam infectadas por GarV-A, 36 por GarV-B, 57 por GarV-C e 101 por GarV-D. Dentre o total de amostras analisadas, 239 foram testadas para a presença de GarMbFV e 24 foram positivas. Como havia amostras positivas para allexivirus, porém não identificadas para nenhuma das espécies testadas, oligonucleotídeos... / The garlic plant is propagated through the bulbs, practice which favors the transmission especially of viruses belonging to the genera Allexivirus, Carlavirus and Potyvirus. The species of the genus Allexivirus are: Garlic virus A (GarV-A), Garlic virus B (GarV-B), Garlic virus C (GarV-C), Garlic virus D (GarV-D), Garlic virus E (GarV-E), Garlic virus X (GarV-X), Garlic mite-borne filamentous virus (GarMbFV) and Shallot virus X (ShVX). However, only five of them have been reported in Brazil, GarV-A, GarV-B, GarV-C, GarV-D and GarMbFV. The occurrence and importance of each of these allexivirus were studied in the regions of Guarapuava, PR; Santa Juliana, MG; Cristalina, GO and Campo Alegre, GO; major producing regions of noble garlic in Brazil and also in a collection of noble garlic and tropical garlic maintained at the Experimental Farm of São Manuel, SP FCA / UNESP- Botucatu. Initially the detection was performed with a universal primer pair obtained in this work, capable of 4 identifying different species of allexivirus followed by detection with specific primers for the species. Mixed infections between different species of allexivirus were frequent, predominantly GarV-A and GarV-D. Among 348 samples, 89 were infected with GarV-A, 36 with GarV-B, 57 with GarV-C and 101 with GarV-D. Of all analyzed samples, 239 were tested for the presence of GarMbFV and 24 were positive. Primers for exotic species of allexivirus in Brazil, as GarV-X, GarV-E and ShVX were synthesized and tested in samples detected as positive by the universal primers but negative for GarV-A, GarV-B, GarV-C and GarV-D. It was possible to detect the GarV-X in garlic samples from the regions of Santa Juliana (MG), Guarapuava (PR) and São Manuel (SP). The analysis of the coding region for the capsid protein of GarV-A, GarV-B, GarV-C, GarV-D and GarMbFV indicates introductions... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
12

Estudo experimental e computacional das propriedades vibracionais e citotóxicas de nutracêuticos do alho / Experimental and computational study of vibrational and cytotoxic properties of garlic nutraceuticals

Serafim, Leonardo Farias January 2015 (has links)
SERAFIM, Leonardo Farias. Estudo experimental e computacional das propriedades vibracionais e citotóxicas de nutracêuticos do alho. 2015. 120 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em química)- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, 2015. / Submitted by Elineudson Ribeiro (elineudsonr@gmail.com) on 2016-10-11T15:39:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_lfserafim.pdf: 6533069 bytes, checksum: bd4393ac51b8c03b2234e51cb174e97a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jairo Viana (jairo@ufc.br) on 2016-10-11T23:50:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_lfserafim.pdf: 6533069 bytes, checksum: bd4393ac51b8c03b2234e51cb174e97a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-11T23:50:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_lfserafim.pdf: 6533069 bytes, checksum: bd4393ac51b8c03b2234e51cb174e97a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / The cytotoxic and bactericidal activities of garlic extract were tested in three tumor cell lines (HCT-166, SF-295 e OVCAR-8) and four bacteria cultures: two gram-positives (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228) and two gram-negatives (Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027 e Escherichia coli ATCC 11303). Aiming to improve the bioavailability and cell targeting (tumor or bacteria) of these nutraceuticals, a drug delivery system based on the adsorption of garlic extract on calcium carbonate microparticles was developed. Additionally, computer simulations within the Density Functional Theory (DFT) formalism were accomplished to find the structural and vibrational properties of two molecules, alliin and methiin, present in garlic extract. alliin the highest concentration specie present in garlic extract was used as theoretical model to represent the garlic extract on the potential interaction calculations with calcium carbonate microparticles. The computer codes GAUSSIAN, Forcite and Dmol3, with the Meta hybrid M06-2X and the pure GGA-PBE Exchange-correlation functional were used to implement the computations. The vibrational spectra recorded for the alliin unveiled intense absorption peaks at: 1637, 1592, 1519, 1430, 1397, 1390, 1357 1018, 544 cm-1 on IR spectrum, mainly assigned to the carboxyl, amine and sulfoxide groups vibrations, and at 1643, 1429, 1404, 1316, 1297, 1207, 790, 744, 693, 588, 503 cm-1 on Raman spectrum, associated to the carbon chain vibrations. The methiin IR spectrum is similar to alliin’s, but, its Raman spectrum unveiled absorption bands which may differentiate both molecules, mainly for the absence of the absorption peak observed at 1643 cm-1 , ascribed to the allyl group vibration. The calculated theoretical vibrational spectra showed a good agreement with the experimental data. The interaction potential calculations suggests the adsorption of at least four solvation layers of the nutraceuticals around the calcium carbonate microparticles, this fact allow the slowly release of the species, preserving its bioavailability. The cytotoxicity tests showed tumor cells growth inhibition of 93% for the three tumor cell line studied, and bactericidal activity on gram-positives bacteria cell cultures, which proved the synergetic effect of garlic extract with calcium carbonate and its efficacy as drug delivery system. Those results shows the application potential of the calcium carbonate microparticles modified with garlic extract on the treatment of cancer and as antibacterial agent. / A atividade citotóxica e bactericida do extrato de alho, em três linhagens de células tumorais (HCT-166, SF-295 e OVCAR-8) e em quatro culturas de bactérias: duas gram-positivas (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 e Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228) e duas gram-negativas (Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027 e Escherichia coli ATCC 11303), foi investigada neste trabalho. Visando melhorar a biodisponibilidade e o direcionamento destes nutracêuticos para células alvo (tumores ou bactérias), um sistema de liberação de fármacos baseado na adsorção do extrato de alho em micropartículas de carbonato de cálcio foi desenvolvido. Adicionalmente, simulações computacionais no formalismo DFT (Density Functional Theory) foram realizadas para a determinação das propriedades estruturais e vibracionais de duas moléculas, alliina e metiina, presentes neste extrato aquoso. A molécula de alliina, espécie de maior concentração no extrato aquoso utilizado, foi usada como modelo teórico para cálculos de potenciais de interação do extrato de alho e das micropartículas de carbonato de cálcio. Os códigos GAUSSIAN, Forcite e Dmol3, assim como o funcional meta-híbrido M06-2X e o funcional puro GGA na sua formulação BPE foram usados nas simulações. Os espectros vibracionais obtidos para a molécula de alliina revelaram intensas absorções em: 1637, 1592, 1519, 1430, 1397, 1390, 1357 1018, 544 cm-1 na região do infravermelho, principalmente associadas a vibrações dos grupos carboxila, amino e sulfóxido, e em: 1643, 1429, 1404, 1316, 1297, 1207, 790, 744, 693, 588, 503 cm-1 no espectro Raman, associados a vibrações da cadeia carbônica. O espectro na região do infravermelho da molécula de metiina é semelhante ao da alliina, porém, seu espectro Raman revela bandas de absorção que podem diferenciar as duas espécies, principalmente a ausência do pico observado em 1643 cm-1 reverente ao grupo alila. Os espectros vibracionais teóricos calculados indicam uma ótima correlação com os espectros experimentais obtidos, tanto paras moléculas puras como para o extrato produzido em laboratório. Os cálculos de potenciais de interação sugerem a adsorção dos nutracêuticos em pelo menos quatro camadas de solvatação em torno das micropartículas de carbonato de cálcio, o que promove sua lenta liberação, elevando sua biodisponibilidade. Os testes de citotoxicidade revelaram inibição do crescimento tumoral de cerca de 93%, nas as três linhagens de células tumorais, e atividade bactericida nas duas colônias de bactérias gram-positivas estudadas, o que comprovou o efeito sinergético do extrato de alho com o carbonato de cálcio e sua eficácia como sistema de liberação de nutracêuticos. Estes resultados demonstram o potencial de aplicação na prática farmacêutica do uso de micropartículas de carbonato de cálcio modificadas com extrato de alho para combate a células tumorais e a ações bactericidas
13

Caracterização de allexivirus em alho nas regiões sul, sudeste e centro-oeste brasileiro e análise da sanidade vegetal do alho obtido por cultura de meristema e termoterapia na FCA/UNESP /

Oliveira, Milena Leite de, 1985- January 2013 (has links)
Orientador: Renate Krause Sakate / Coorientador: Marcelo Agenor Pavan / Banca: Kelly Cristina Gonçalves Rocha / Banca: Valdir Atsushi Yuri / Resumo: O alho é propagado através de bulbilhos, prática que favorece a transmissão, especialmente de vírus, dos quais pode-se citar os gêneros Allexivirus, Carlavirus e Potyvirus. As espécies pertencentes ao gênero Allexivirus são: Garlic virus A (GarV-A), Garlic virus B (GarV-B), Garlic virus C (GarV-C), Garlic virus D (GarV-D), Garlic virus E (GarV-E), Garlic virus X (GarV-X), Garlic mite-borne filamentous virus (GarMbFV) e Shallot virus X (ShVX). Entretanto, somente cinco destas espécies foram relatadas até o momento em alho no Brasil, o GarV-A, GarV-B, GarV-C, GarV-D e GarMbFV. A importância e ocorrência de cada um destes allexivirus foi estudada em alho nobre proveniente das regiões de Guarapuava, PR; Santa Juliana, MG; Cristalina, GO e Campo Alegre, GO; grandes regiões produtoras de alho nobre no Brasil e também em uma coleção de alho nobre e alho tropical mantida na Fazenda Experimental de São Manuel, SP da FCA/UNESP-Botucatu. Inicialmente a detecção foi realizada com um par de oligonucleotídeo universal, obtido neste trabalho, capaz de identificar as diferentes espécies de allexivirus seguida de detecção com oligonucleotídeos específicos para as espécies. Os resultados obtidos indicam a frequente ocorrência de infecções mistas entre espécies de allexivirus, com predominância do GarV-A e GarV-D. Das 348 amostras de alho analisadas, 89 estavam infectadas por GarV-A, 36 por GarV-B, 57 por GarV-C e 101 por GarV-D. Dentre o total de amostras analisadas, 239 foram testadas para a presença de GarMbFV e 24 foram positivas. Como havia amostras positivas para allexivirus, porém não identificadas para nenhuma das espécies testadas, oligonucleotídeos... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The garlic plant is propagated through the bulbs, practice which favors the transmission especially of viruses belonging to the genera Allexivirus, Carlavirus and Potyvirus. The species of the genus Allexivirus are: Garlic virus A (GarV-A), Garlic virus B (GarV-B), Garlic virus C (GarV-C), Garlic virus D (GarV-D), Garlic virus E (GarV-E), Garlic virus X (GarV-X), Garlic mite-borne filamentous virus (GarMbFV) and Shallot virus X (ShVX). However, only five of them have been reported in Brazil, GarV-A, GarV-B, GarV-C, GarV-D and GarMbFV. The occurrence and importance of each of these allexivirus were studied in the regions of Guarapuava, PR; Santa Juliana, MG; Cristalina, GO and Campo Alegre, GO; major producing regions of noble garlic in Brazil and also in a collection of noble garlic and tropical garlic maintained at the Experimental Farm of São Manuel, SP FCA / UNESP- Botucatu. Initially the detection was performed with a universal primer pair obtained in this work, capable of 4 identifying different species of allexivirus followed by detection with specific primers for the species. Mixed infections between different species of allexivirus were frequent, predominantly GarV-A and GarV-D. Among 348 samples, 89 were infected with GarV-A, 36 with GarV-B, 57 with GarV-C and 101 with GarV-D. Of all analyzed samples, 239 were tested for the presence of GarMbFV and 24 were positive. Primers for exotic species of allexivirus in Brazil, as GarV-X, GarV-E and ShVX were synthesized and tested in samples detected as positive by the universal primers but negative for GarV-A, GarV-B, GarV-C and GarV-D. It was possible to detect the GarV-X in garlic samples from the regions of Santa Juliana (MG), Guarapuava (PR) and São Manuel (SP). The analysis of the coding region for the capsid protein of GarV-A, GarV-B, GarV-C, GarV-D and GarMbFV indicates introductions... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre
14

Estudo experimental e computacional das propriedades vibracionais e citotÃxicas de nutracÃuticos do alho / Experimental and computational study of vibrational and cytotoxic properties of garlic nutraceuticals

Leonardo Farias Serafim 31 July 2015 (has links)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / A atividade citotÃxica e bactericida do extrato de alho, em trÃs linhagens de cÃlulas tumorais (HCT-166, SF-295 e OVCAR-8) e em quatro culturas de bactÃrias: duas gram-positivas (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 e Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228) e duas gram-negativas (Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027 e Escherichia coli ATCC 11303), foi investigada neste trabalho. Visando melhorar a biodisponibilidade e o direcionamento destes nutracÃuticos para cÃlulas alvo (tumores ou bactÃrias), um sistema de liberaÃÃo de fÃrmacos baseado na adsorÃÃo do extrato de alho em micropartÃculas de carbonato de cÃlcio foi desenvolvido. Adicionalmente, simulaÃÃes computacionais no formalismo DFT (Density Functional Theory) foram realizadas para a determinaÃÃo das propriedades estruturais e vibracionais de duas molÃculas, alliina e metiina, presentes neste extrato aquoso. A molÃcula de alliina, espÃcie de maior concentraÃÃo no extrato aquoso utilizado, foi usada como modelo teÃrico para cÃlculos de potenciais de interaÃÃo do extrato de alho e das micropartÃculas de carbonato de cÃlcio. Os cÃdigos GAUSSIAN, Forcite e Dmol3, assim como o funcional meta-hÃbrido M06-2X e o funcional puro GGA na sua formulaÃÃo BPE foram usados nas simulaÃÃes. Os espectros vibracionais obtidos para a molÃcula de alliina revelaram intensas absorÃÃes em: 1637, 1592, 1519, 1430, 1397, 1390, 1357 1018, 544 cm-1 na regiÃo do infravermelho, principalmente associadas a vibraÃÃes dos grupos carboxila, amino e sulfÃxido, e em: 1643, 1429, 1404, 1316, 1297, 1207, 790, 744, 693, 588, 503 cm-1 no espectro Raman, associados a vibraÃÃes da cadeia carbÃnica. O espectro na regiÃo do infravermelho da molÃcula de metiina à semelhante ao da alliina, porÃm, seu espectro Raman revela bandas de absorÃÃo que podem diferenciar as duas espÃcies, principalmente a ausÃncia do pico observado em 1643 cm-1 reverente ao grupo alila. Os espectros vibracionais teÃricos calculados indicam uma Ãtima correlaÃÃo com os espectros experimentais obtidos, tanto paras molÃculas puras como para o extrato produzido em laboratÃrio. Os cÃlculos de potenciais de interaÃÃo sugerem a adsorÃÃo dos nutracÃuticos em pelo menos quatro camadas de solvataÃÃo em torno das micropartÃculas de carbonato de cÃlcio, o que promove sua lenta liberaÃÃo, elevando sua biodisponibilidade. Os testes de citotoxicidade revelaram inibiÃÃo do crescimento tumoral de cerca de 93%, nas as trÃs linhagens de cÃlulas tumorais, e atividade bactericida nas duas colÃnias de bactÃrias gram-positivas estudadas, o que comprovou o efeito sinergÃtico do extrato de alho com o carbonato de cÃlcio e sua eficÃcia como sistema de liberaÃÃo de nutracÃuticos. Estes resultados demonstram o potencial de aplicaÃÃo na prÃtica farmacÃutica do uso de micropartÃculas de carbonato de cÃlcio modificadas com extrato de alho para combate a cÃlulas tumorais e a aÃÃes bactericidas / The cytotoxic and bactericidal activities of garlic extract were tested in three tumor cell lines (HCT-166, SF-295 e OVCAR-8) and four bacteria cultures: two gram-positives (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228) and two gram-negatives (Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027 e Escherichia coli ATCC 11303). Aiming to improve the bioavailability and cell targeting (tumor or bacteria) of these nutraceuticals, a drug delivery system based on the adsorption of garlic extract on calcium carbonate microparticles was developed. Additionally, computer simulations within the Density Functional Theory (DFT) formalism were accomplished to find the structural and vibrational properties of two molecules, alliin and methiin, present in garlic extract. alliin the highest concentration specie present in garlic extract was used as theoretical model to represent the garlic extract on the potential interaction calculations with calcium carbonate microparticles. The computer codes GAUSSIAN, Forcite and Dmol3, with the Meta hybrid M06-2X and the pure GGA-PBE Exchange-correlation functional were used to implement the computations. The vibrational spectra recorded for the alliin unveiled intense absorption peaks at: 1637, 1592, 1519, 1430, 1397, 1390, 1357 1018, 544 cm-1 on IR spectrum, mainly assigned to the carboxyl, amine and sulfoxide groups vibrations, and at 1643, 1429, 1404, 1316, 1297, 1207, 790, 744, 693, 588, 503 cm-1 on Raman spectrum, associated to the carbon chain vibrations. The methiin IR spectrum is similar to alliinâs, but, its Raman spectrum unveiled absorption bands which may differentiate both molecules, mainly for the absence of the absorption peak observed at 1643 cm-1 , ascribed to the allyl group vibration. The calculated theoretical vibrational spectra showed a good agreement with the experimental data. The interaction potential calculations suggests the adsorption of at least four solvation layers of the nutraceuticals around the calcium carbonate microparticles, this fact allow the slowly release of the species, preserving its bioavailability. The cytotoxicity tests showed tumor cells growth inhibition of 93% for the three tumor cell line studied, and bactericidal activity on gram-positives bacteria cell cultures, which proved the synergetic effect of garlic extract with calcium carbonate and its efficacy as drug delivery system. Those results shows the application potential of the calcium carbonate microparticles modified with garlic extract on the treatment of cancer and as antibacterial agent.
15

Differentiation of garlic viruses

Liu, X. Q. (Xingquan) January 1985 (has links)
No description available.
16

Effect of Alliaria petiolata invasion on ectomycorrhizal colonization of Quercus rubra

Castellano, Steven Michael. January 2008 (has links)
Thesis (M.S.)--Miami University, Dept. of Botany, 2008. / Title from first page of PDF document. Includes bibliographical references (p. 22-29).
17

Tvorba barevných látek při zpracování česnekovitých rostlin / Formation of color compounds during processing of alliaceous species

CURKO, Petr January 2016 (has links)
This Master's thesis is focused on study of color compounds formed during processing of alliaceous plants, especially during processing of garlic (Allium sativum L.) and Sicilian honey garlic (Nectaroscordum siculum (Ucria) Lindl.). Color compounds formed in alliaceous plants significantly reduce their sensory quality percieved by consumers and represent a relatively significant financial burden for the food industry. While especially blue and yellow compounds are formed during processing of garlic, pink to red compounds are formed during processing of Sicilian honey garlic. The theoretical part of the Master's thesis is focused on two plants of the genus Allium L. - garlic and Sicilian honey garlic, their significance, occurrence and usage. The study also discusses the mechanism of color compounds formation, that involves mainly sulfur compounds. The experimental part of the Master's thesis is focused on isolation and identification of the most significant color compounds formed during processing of alliaceous species and proposal probable mechanism of their formation.
18

DISTRIBUTION AND HOST SPECIFICITY OF ERYSIPHE CRUCIFERARUM (POWDERY MILDEW) ATTACKING ALLIARIA PETIOLATA (GARLIC MUSTARD), IN SOUTHWESTERN OHIO

Ciola, Victoria Lyn 28 July 2009 (has links)
No description available.
19

Desempenho produtivo e qualitativo de cultivares de alho semi-nobre vernalizado na Mesorregião Oeste Potiguar / Productive and qualitative performance of semi-noble garlic cultivars vernalizated in Mesoregion West Potiguar

Lucena, Rafaella Rayane Macedo de 24 February 2015 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-12T19:18:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RafaellaRML_TESE.pdf: 8295790 bytes, checksum: d869daa8e386857296c93d9776704d7e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-24 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Garlic is one of the vegetables of great economic and social relevance in Brazil. Among the consumer states, Rio Grande do Norte, especially, despite having regions with favorable conditions for growing garlic, currently, depends on imports of this product to meet its domestic demand. The introduction of more productive and quality cultivars, better market acceptance, and adjustments of vernalization technology, a key issue for adaptation of new cultivars, are mechanisms that can contribute to garlic revitalization in areas previously producing this vegetable. In order to evaluate the development, production and quality semi-noble garlic cultivars under different periods of pre-planting vernalization of seed bulbs in two city in the Mesoregion West Potiguar, we developed two experiments, simultaneously in Baraúna and Governador Dix-sept Rosado, between the months of April and November 2012. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with four replications. The treatments were arranged in a split plot, being the plots represented by semi-noble cultivars Gigante do Núcleo and BRS Hozan and subplots consisted by periods of vernalization before planting the seed bulbs at 4 ± 1 ° C: 0, 10, 20 and 30 days. We evaluated: plants emergency, plant height, leaf number, cultural cycle, final stand, mass fresh total, percentage of bulbs differentiation of bulbils, bulbils number, classification of bulbils, bulb average weight, yield total, classification bulbs, diameter of bulb, pH, titratable acidity, soluble solids, total soluble sugars, reducing sugars, pungency, total solids and industrial index. The vernalization did not provide increases significant in productivity, however, the use of 10 day of the vernalization pre-planting seed bulbs allowed in improving the quality of garlic semi-noble produced in Baraúna and Governador Dix-sept Rosado. The cultivars Gigante do Núcleo (4.56 t ha-1) and BRS Hozan (4.42 t ha-1) had higher yields in Baraúna. In this city, garlic produced showed greater diameter, pungency and total solids, with higher industrial index therefore better quality for industrialization (processing or dehydration) / O alho é uma das hortaliças de grande relevância econômica e social no Brasil. Entre os estados consumidores, o Rio Grande do Norte, especialmente, apesar de apresentar regiões com condições favoráveis ao cultivo de alho, atualmente, depende da importação deste produto para atender a sua demanda interna. A introdução de cultivares mais produtivas e de qualidade, com melhor aceitação de mercado, e ajustes da tecnologia de vernalização, ponto fundamental para adaptação de novas cultivares, são mecanismos que podem contribuir para revitalização do alho em regiões, anteriormente produtoras desta hortaliça. Com o objetivo de avaliar o desenvolvimento, produção e qualidade de cultivares de alho semi-nobre, submetidas a diferentes períodos de vernalização pré-plantio dos bulbos-semente em dois municípios da Mesorregião Oeste Potiguar, desenvolveram-se dois experimentos, simultaneamente, em Baraúna e Governador Dix-sept Rosado, entre os meses de abril e novembro de 2012. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos completos casualizados com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram dispostos em parcelas subdivididas, sendo as parcelas representadas pelas cultivares semi-nobres Gigante do Núcleo e BRS Hozan e as subparcelas constituídas pelos períodos de vernalização pré-plantio dos bulbos-semente à 4 ± 1 ºC: 0, 10, 20 e 30 dias. Foram avaliados: emergência de plantas, altura de plantas, número de folhas, ciclo cultural, estande final, massa fresca total, percentagem de bulbos com diferenciação de bulbilhos, número de bulbilhos, classificação de bulbilhos, massa média de bulbos, produtividade total, classificação de bulbos, diâmetro de bulbos, pH, acidez titulável, sólidos solúveis, açúcares solúveis totais, açúcares redutores, pungência, sólidos totais e índice industrial. A vernalização não proporcionou aumentos significativos na produtividade, entretanto o uso de 10 dias de vernalização pré-plantio dos bulbos-semente possibilitou incrementos na qualidade do alho semi-nobre produzido em Baraúna e Governador Dix-sept Rosado. As cultivares Gigante do Núcleo (4,56 t ha-1) e BRS Hozan (4,42 t ha-1) apresentaram maior produtividade em Baraúna. Neste município, o alho produzido apresentou maior diâmetro, além de pungência e sólidos totais, com índice industrial mais elevado e, portanto, melhor qualidade para industrialização (processamento ou desidratação)
20

Inhibiting enzymatic formation of blue-green pigments in garlic cloves

DeCagna, Drew January 1900 (has links)
Master of Science / Food Science - Animal Sciences & Industry / Fadi Aramouni / Blue-green pigments have the ability to form in crushed and whole garlic cloves following a rapid series of enzymatic and non-enzymatic reactions. Economic losses associated with a reduction in organoleptic quality of garlic (Allium sativum L.) containing blue-green pigments can be incurred. Preventing blue-green pigment formation can mitigate potential financial and brand equity damages. To prevent pigment formation, inactivation of the enzyme which yields pigment substrates is essential. Two methods to inactivate the enzyme associated with pigment formation were explored: blanch treatment of whole garlic cloves (100°C, 5 min); and soaking of whole, non-blanched garlic cloves in low pH (<3.0) acetic or citric acid pickling solutions for seven days. The blanching treatment was effective in inactivating the enzyme as the pigment substrate decreased by approximately 99% as compared with pigment substrate concentrations in non-blanched garlic cloves. Soaking whole garlic cloves in low pH (<3.0) pickling solutions did not result in enzyme inactivation as pigments formed in cloves soaked in the acetic acid pickling solutions; however pigments did not form in cloves soaked in the citric acid pickling solution. This may be due to the different effect mono- and poly-carboxylic acids have on the permeability of garlic cell membranes. Blanching garlic cloves can be implemented as a processing step to prevent pigment formation. Soaking garlic in a low pH pickling solution comprised of a poly-carboxylic acid does not inactivate the enzyme associated with pigment formation but pigment formation can be prevented. Other methods presented in the literature to prevent pigment formation include controlling growth, harvest and storage conditions, as well as treating garlic clove homogenates with chemical additives.

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