The need for selective and inexpensive detectors in liquid chromatography is of considerable interest in the determination of sulfur compounds. Of the available-selective sulfur methodologies, flame photometric detector coupled to gas chromatography is the most widely used. It has proven to be a sensitive and selective method for detection of heat stable and volatile sulfur compounds. Fundamentally, this technique is not applicable to high boiling and/or thermolabile sulfur compounds. More recently, hyphenated flame photometric detector has been utilized, with limited success, to monitor sulfur species in liquid chromatography. However, existing HPLC-FPD methodologies have never been applied to real samples, due to the low population of S 2, the emitting species, and the quenching effects of the other species present in the flame. / In this work, two total consumption high-performance liquid chromatography flame photometric (HPLC-FPD) interfaces compatible with either methanolic or aqueous mobile phases are described and optimized for monitoring low volatile and thermally fragile sulfur compounds in biological samples. Each interface was fuelled either by methanol or by hydrogen. The all quartz interfaces enclosed four consecutive thermal processes: (a) thermovaporization of the HPLC effluent; (b) pyrolysis of the organic matrix (including sulfur species) in a kinetic H2/O2 flame; (c) conversion of the oxidized sulfur compounds to H2S in a reducing post-combustion stage fuelled by hydrogen; and (d) transport of the generated hydrides towards a hydrogen radical rich surrounding of an inverted hydrogen-oxygen diffusion flame. Chemiluminescence induced in the last step was integrated as a narrow beam in a light-guide positioned remotely from the analytical cool flame and oriented towards a photomultiplier unit. Radioisotopic assays demonstrated that sulfur (as H235SO4) was transferred quantitatively to the analytical flame. Indirect evidence suggested that sulfur was hydrogenated in the post-combustion step via a thermochemical hydride generation process to mediate the formation of S2. The linearity of calibration graphs (0.9950 < r < 0.9986), where r is the correlation coefficient) and unprecedented HPLC-FPD limits of detection for sulfur compounds (1.5 etag/s for 2-methylthiophene, 2.25 etag/s for carbon disulfide, and 4.5 etag/s for ethanesulfonic acid) allowed for the speciation of sulfur species in garlic extracts. Alternatively, modification of the methanol fuelled interface to a hydrogen fuelled reactor allowed detection of thiosulfinates and high molecular weight sulfur compounds in horse kidney and garlic extracts, respectively.

Thesis (M.Sc. (Biochemistry))--Mahidol Uninversity, 1978.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Toledo, 2009. / Typescript. "Submitted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for The Master of Science Degree in Biology (Ecology-track)." "A thesis entitled"--at head of title. Bibliography: leaves 28-32.

Thesis (M. Sc.)--University of Canterbury, 2009. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references (leaves 115-130). Also available via the World Wide Web.

The diploma thesis deals with the use of meristem cultures in garlic (Allium sativum) breeding. The source material was used variety Tantalum of garlic. The using material, before the isolation of meristem, was tested for the occurrence of viral diseases by immunological tests ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay), also known as EIA (Enzyme Immunoassay). The method used to detect antibodies and antigens. The material was tested for viruses onion yellow dwarf (OYDV - Onion Yellow Dwarf Virus) and virus genus Carlavirus (GCLV - Common Garlic Latent Virus). Then the sound material was sterilized, cultured and then it was obtained meristem. Cultivation of preparation meristem was realised according available methodologies. After preparation meristem put on MS medium with vitamins and growth regulator IAA, NAA and BAP.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-07T19:21:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-08-24. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-03-07T19:25:11Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000858793.pdf: 4733869 bytes, checksum: 5bf1ccc788ea3ad1378e0db67d912463 (MD5) / O gênero Allium inclui espécies de importância para o consumo humano como o alho, cebola e espécies ornamentais. Algumas destas espécies por serem propagadas vegetativamente, podem ser infectadas por vírus pertencentes aos gêneros Allexivirus, Carlavirus e Potyvirus, frequentemente em infecções mistas. Leek yellow stripe virus (LYSV) pertence ao gênero Potyvirus e é considerada a espécie de maior importância na cultura do alho, de modo que foi sequenciado o genoma completo de um isolado de LYSV brasileiro (LYSV-MG) e avaliada sua diversidade genética. Seu genoma possui 10.341 nucleotídeos e codifica uma poliproteína de 3221 aminoácidos. Baseado na análise da região codificadora para a proteína P1, o isolado LYSV-MG, bem como demais coletados em regiões produtoras de alho, não foram classificados como pertencentes aos grupos S e N. Os isolados brasileiros apesar de não apresentarem a deleção na região da P1 (típica do grupo S), formaram um grupo monofilético muito próximo deste grupo e de um isolado de Okinawa, Japão. Em relação ao gene P1, os isolados brasileiros compartilharam 97-99% de identidade de nucleotídeos entre si e 51-64% com isolados de LYSV de outros países. Os dados sugerem que os isolados brasileiros de LYSV, o isolado de Okinawa e os isolados pertencentes ao grupo S podem ser provenientes de um ancestral comum antes da ocorrência da deleção na P1 e divergência dos isolados no grupo S. Como parte do doutoramento sanduíche, realizado na United States Department of Agriculture, sob orientação do Dr. John Hammond, foram estudados os vírus presentes em quatorze diferentes espécies de Allium ornamental nos Estados Unidos. As plantas foram adquiridas em floriculturas e plantadas a campo no outono de 2013 na região de Beltsville, MD. Folhas sintomáticas foram coletadas após a floração durante a primavera de 2014 e avaliadas por PCR usando primers ... / The genus Allium includes important species used for human consumption, as garlic,onion and many other species grown as ornamentals. Some of these species are propagated vegetatively and can be infected by viruses belonging to the genera Allexivirus, Carlavirus and Potyvirus, often in mixed infections. Leek yellow stripe virus (LYSV) belongs to the genus Potyvirus and is considered the most important virus in Allium species. The complete genomic sequence of Leek yellow stripe virus garlic isolate from Brazil (LYSV-MG) has been determined. The LYSV-MG genome consists of 10,341 nucleotides and encodes a deduced polyprotein of 3,221 amino acids. Based on the analysis of the coding region for P1 protein, isolate LYSV-MG and others collected in garlic producing regions, could not be classified as belonging to the groups S and N. Brazilian isolates do not have the deletion present in the P1 from the S-type group but are more closely related to S-type than to N-type isolates. The Brazilian isolates formed a monophyletic group closer to S-type and one isolate from Okinawa, Japan. Brazilian isolates share 97-99% of P1 region nucleotide identity with each other, and 51-64% with different isolates from around the world. The data suggest that Brazilian LYSV isolates are derived from an ancestral source of the Okinawa and S-type isolates, prior to the P1 deletion and divergence in the S-type isolates. As part of the doctorate sandwich in United States Department of Agriculture, under the supervision of Dr. John Hammond, viruses present in ornamental Allium from Beltsville, MD were detected. Bulbs of fourteen different species of Allium were purchased from retail nurseries and planted in the field during the fall of 2013. Leaf tissue from the flowering symptomatic plants were collected during spring 2014, and tested by PCR using generic primers for the genus Allexivirus, Carlavirus and Potyvirus. PCR-positive ...

Submitted by JOÃO PAULO BURIAN null (joaopauloburian@gmail.com) on 2016-04-07T19:17:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Alho.pdf: 1147027 bytes, checksum: 14de6564bb0a0f0b37cd02405a0bd734 (MD5) / Rejected by Felipe Augusto Arakaki (arakaki@reitoria.unesp.br), reason: Solicitamos que realize uma nova submissão seguindo as orientações abaixo: O arquivo submetido está sem a ficha catalográfica. A versão submetida por você é considerada a versão final da dissertação/tese, portanto não poderá ocorrer qualquer alteração em seu conteúdo após a aprovação. Por favor, corrija esta informação e realize uma nova submissão contendo o arquivo correto. Agradecemos a compreensão. on 2016-04-08T12:38:59Z (GMT) / Submitted by JOÃO PAULO BURIAN null (joaopauloburian@gmail.com) on 2016-04-21T18:18:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Alho.docx: 1520845 bytes, checksum: 54391a3f711bcf02c685c8a8cdf13400 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Felipe Augusto Arakaki (arakaki@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-05-02T16:15:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 burian_jp_me_arafcf.pdf: 1339974 bytes, checksum: 93eb88dfc1c01bdf44ebb0d72bd5bfe8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-02T16:15:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 burian_jp_me_arafcf.pdf: 1339974 bytes, checksum: 93eb88dfc1c01bdf44ebb0d72bd5bfe8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O alho (Allium sativum L.) é cultivado em todo o mundo como hortaliça condimentar e medicinal desde 3.000 a. C. A aliina (composto majoritário) e a alinase permanecem em compartimentos separados nos bulbilhos de alho, e somente quando cortados ou triturados, a aliina é convertida em alicina pela ação da alinase. A alicina é o principal componente do alho, sendo atribuída a ela a maior parte das suas atividades biológicas, dentre elas as ações bactericida, antifúngica e antiviral. Porém, outros compostos do alho apresentam atividade antioxidante, hipocolesterolemiante, vasodilatadora, ação protetora contra diversos tipos de câncer e imunomoduladora. Ante a invasão de patógenos, o sistema imunológico desencadeia respostas que envolvem células como macrófagos e linfócitos. Essa complexa interação entre células é coordenada pela liberação de citocinas e outros mediadores. A nutrição tem papel relevante na modulação da resposta imune e inflamatória em diferentes tipos de doenças. As infecções por fungos são causas importantes de morbidade e mortalidade no homem principalmente em indivíduos imunossuprimidos. O Sporothrix schenckii, agente causal da esporotricose (micose subcutânea mais comum na América Latina), é fungo dimórfico, de vida saprofítica no solo ou em vegetais, infectando homens e os animais principalmente através de lesões e arranhões na pele. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a influência do consumo de alho na imunomodulação de camundongos Swiss saudáveis e infectados por S. schenckii, a partir do estado funcional dos macrófagos peritoneais desses animais quanto à produção de óxido nítrico e das citocinas (IL-1β, IL-10 e IL-12) e avaliar o potencial antifúngico do alho frente ao S. schenckii por meio de teste de concentração inibitória mínima e unidades formadoras de colônia. Os resultados demonstraram que o alho apresenta potencial antifúngico frente S. schenckii. A administração oral de extratos de alho influencia a liberação de citocinas por macrófagos ex vivo, o consumo regular apresenta efeito anti-inflamatório em animais sadios, e seu uso agudo pode gerar uma resposta inflamatória. Camundongos que consumiram alho responderam de forma mais efetiva ao combate da infecção. / Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is grown all over the world as seasoning and medicinal food since 3,000 a. C. The aliin (major compound) and alliinase remain in separate compartments in intact garlic clove, and when the garlic is cut or crushed, the alliin is converted to allicin by the action of alliinase. Allicin is the main component of garlic is attributed to it most of the biological activities of garlic, including the bactericide, antifungal and antiviral action. However, other garlic compounds have antioxidant activity, hypocholesterolemic and vasodilating activities, guard action against many types of cancer and immunomodulatory. At the invasion of pathogens, the immune system triggers responses involving cells such as macrophages and lymphocytes. This complex interaction between cells is coordinated by the release of cytokines and other mediators. Nutrition plays an important role in modulating the immune and inflammatory response in different types of diseases. Fungal infections are significant reasons of human morbidity and mortality mainly in immunocompromised people. The Sporothrix schenckii, the causal agent of sporotrichosis (most common subcutaneous mycosis in Latin America), is dimorphic fungus, of saprophytic life in soil or in plant that infects humans and animals mainly through skin injuries and scratches. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of garlic consumption in immunomodulation of Swiss healthy and infected mice by S. schenckii from the functioning of peritoneal macrophages of the animals and the production of nitric oxide and cytokines (IL 1β, IL-10 and IL-12) and evaluating the antifungal potential of garlic against S. schenckii by minimum inhibitory concentration test and colony forming units. The results show that garlic has potential antifungal front S. schenckii. Oral administration of garlic extracts influences the releasing of cytokines by macrophages ex vivo, regular consumption has anti-inflammatory effects in healthy animals, and its use can generate an acute inflammatory response. Mices that consumed garlic responded more effectively to combat the infection.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2005-08-26Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:34:26Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 lima_cp_me_botfca.pdf: 904449 bytes, checksum: 0df808d843a75f5c5a193dce30f8b1ab (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Conduziu-se dois experimentos, um em ambiente protegido e outro em campo, com o objetivo de avaliar a viabilidade do monitoramento da adubação nitrogenada em cobertura, na cultura do alho vernalizado, através de medidas indiretas do teor de clorofila nas folhas, relacionando-as com o estado nutricional das plantas. Foi adotado o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso e os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância através de regressão, adaptando a melhor equação, através do programa Sisvar, versão 4.2. Os tratamentos utilizados foram: 0, 20, 40, 60, 120, 240 e 360 kg N ha-1, aplicados parceladamente em cobertura aos 30 e 50 dias após a emergência (DAE), tendo sido aplicado 20 t ha-1 de esterco bovino no plantio. Foram realizadas nove avaliações do teor de clorofila e altura das plantas com intervalos de 10 dias entre cada avaliação, iniciando-se aos 20 e finalizando aos 100 DAE. Por ocasião de cada avaliação, foram coletadas duas plantas para análise do conteúdo de nitrogênio e demais nutrientes. Na colheita, após o período de cura, foram obtidos os dados de produção de bulbos, porcentagem de bulbos pseudoperfilhados, índice de formato de bulbos e classificação de acordo com o tamanho. No experimento realizado em campo ocorreu interação entre as doses de nitrogênio e as épocas de avaliação para altura e teor de clorofila. Os maiores valores de altura foram encontrados sem aplicação de nitrogênio e nas épocas mais tardias de avaliações. Os maiores teores de clorofila foram encontrados quando se aplicou a dose de 240 kg ha-1 de nitrogênio, para as épocas avaliadas a maior concentração foi encontrada aos 100 DAE. A concentração de nitrogênio foi influenciada pelas doses e pelas épocas de avaliações, ocorrendo interação entre esses fatores... / Two experiments were carried out, one in a protected environment and another in the field, aiming to evaluate the viability of the sidedress nitrogen management in the vernalizated garlic culture, through indirect measures of the chlorophyll rate in the leaves, relating them with the nutritional state of the plants. The randomized block experimental design was adopted and the results were submitted to Analysis of variance through regression, adapting the best equation through Sisvar program, 4.2 version. The treatments used were: 0, 20, 40, 60, 120, 240 and 360 Kg N ha?£, applied in parts sisedress at 30 and 50 days after emergency (DAE), 20 t ha?£ of bovine manure during planting had been applied. Nine evaluations of the chlorophyll rate and plants height were carried out with 10 days intervals between each evaluation, beginning at 20 and ending at 100 DAE. In each evaluation two plants were collected for nitrogen rates analysis and other nutrients. At harvest, after the cure period, the production bulb data were obtained, secondary growth bulbs percentage, bulb formation index and classification according to the size. In the experiment carried out in the field there was interaction between the nitrogen dose and the dates of height evaluation and chlorophyll rate. The highest values of height were found without nitrogen application and in the latest evaluations. The highest chlorophyll rates were found when 240 Kg ha?£ of nitrogen were applied, for the dates evaluated the highest concentration occurred at 100 DAE. The nitrogen concentration was influenced by doses and dates of evaluation, with interaction between these factors...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-02-21Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:54:53Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 jacon_cprp_me_botfca.pdf: 741869 bytes, checksum: 30d24452586124948bff8a2e3eaacde6 (MD5) / A produção de alho em regiões de cerrado, com solos ácidos, pobres em fósforo e elevada fixação desse nutriente,demanda aplicaçõesde adubos fosfatados e corretivos de acidez de forma adequada. Com o objetivo de verificar o efeito de níveis de saturação por bases e combinações de fontes de fósforo no solo,em alho vernalizado livre de vírus, foi conduzido experimento em casa de vegetação no Departamento de Solos e Recursos Ambientais – FCA/UNESP, utilizando-se vasos com 13 L de solo oxídico oriundo da região de Santa Juliana/MG. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições, em esquema fatorial com três níveis de saturação por bases (50, 65 e 80%) e três combinações de fontes de fósforo (superfosfato simples, superfosfato simples+termofosfato1 e superfosfato simples+termofosfato 2). Os níveis de saturação por bases e/ou a combinação de fontes de fósforo influenciaram o número total de folhas por planta, o teor e acúmulo de nutrientes na parte aérea no momento da diferenciação, a massao acúmulo de nutrientes nos bulbos, a atividade antioxidante e o teor de fenóis totais nos bulbilhos / Garlic yield in “cerrado” soils whichareacid, poor in phosphorus and high in this nutrientfixation, requires applications of phosphate fertilizers and soil acidity correctivesadequately. In orderto evaluate the effectofsoil base saturationlevelsand phosphorus sources combinations in vernalized virus-freegarlic, this experiment was carried out ina greenhouse at the Department of Soil and Environmental Resources - FCA / UNESP, usingpots containing13 L of oxidicsoilcoming from SantaJuliana/MG. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design, with four replications, in split-plot scheme, with three levels ofsoil base saturation(50,65 and 80%) and threephosphorus sources combinations (single superphosphate, single superphosphate + thermophosphate 1, single superphosphate + thermophosphate 2). Soil base saturation levels and/or phosphorus sources combinations affected thetotal number of leaves per plant, nutrients content and accumulationin the shoot in differentiation phase, bulbs weightand nutrient accumulation, antioxidant activityandtotal phenolscompounds contents incloves

Natural therapies such as Aged Garlic Extract (AGE) have displayed cardioprotective properties, with studies indicating that AGE can inhibit platelet aggregation both in vivo and in vitro. The mechanism of inhibition induced by AGE is proposed to be due to AGE exerting effects upon several targets within platelets, including calcium and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). The effect of AGE upon the other cyclic nucleotide, cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) is currently unknown. The aims therefore of this project are to identify the effect of AGE upon platelet cGMP, as well as associated signaling molecules including nitric oxide (NO) and cAMP.It was found that the NO donor 3-morpholinosydnonimine (Sin-1) in high concentrations along with the presence of specific inhibitors inhibited platelet aggregation independently of cGMP. Experimentation using chemical inhibitors also displayed erratic results in the presence of high concentrations of AGE, indicating that AGE was influencing the binding of such inhibitors. The results of in vitro experiments indicated that AGE moderately increases intraplatelet cGMP, whereas intraplatelet cAMP is significantly increased. it is proposed that the main mechanism of inhibition caused by AGE is due to increases in cAMP. As intraplatelet cAMP can also be influenced by intraplatelet cGMP, it is likely that cAMP is increased directly and indirectly by AGE.Evidence provided in the present study supports the proposed theory that the mechanisms of inhibition of platelet aggregation by AGE is multimechanistic. More specifically inhibition of platelet aggregation by AGE is due to AGE increasing intraplatelet cyclic nucleotides, reducing the expression of key receptors such as GPIIb/IIIa and inhibiting agonist induced platelet shape change. As AGE can inhibit platelet aggregation, which is a key risk factor in cardiovascular disease, the consumption of AGE would be beneficial to those who are at risk of cardiovascular episodes.