Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1999. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 204-210).

Canadian natural gas deregulation has terminated government price setting in favour of prices determined by market forces. However, the transportation of the commodity remains regulated due to the monopolistic nature of the distribution system and the Canadian economies of scale which preclude business rivalry. This paper attempts to discern whether the transition to a new regime is following the legal principles underlying public utility regulation. Promotion of the public interest is therefore a pervasive theme of this paper. While regulatory law allows certain forms of discrimination in the setting of rates and the provision of services, it prohibits undue or unjust discrimination. The thesis proposed herein focuses on regulatory theory and the possibility that incidents of undue discrimination may have been exacerbated by the deregulation process. The examination begins with a review of the discrimination provisions of section 92A of the Constitution Act 1867, the so-called "Resource Amendment". More attention is directed to public utilities theory given its compelling application to the natural gas industry. Deregulation is then discussed including an analysis of "direct sale" contracts involving the commodity as well as the "bypass" of the local pipeline distribution systems. Some conclusions are then made concerning competition and changing commercial conditions. Grave doubts are voiced as to whether the National Energy Board is properly applying the principles of public utility regulation during the transition to a more market oriented natural gas environment. One important conclusion is that direct sale contracts should be encouraged in the core market as well as in the industrial market by the National Energy Board in order to promote upstream competition among gas producers in the public interest. Finally, it is hoped that these doubts will be resolved by the Board in its new (RH-1-88) public hearing which will address issues related to deregulation, including direct sales and the ancillary self-displacement and operating demand volume (ODV) methodology. / Law, Peter A. Allard School of / Graduate

Thesis--University of Florida. / Description based on print version record. Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 328-332).

by Paul W. MacAvoy [and] Robert S. Pindyck. / Bibliography: leaves 73-74.

Este trabalho é uma análise crítica de estudo de caso do Plano de Expansão da Malha de Transporte Dutoviária (PEMAT 2022), desenvolvido pela Empresa de Pesquisa Energética (EPE), a fim de identificar as premissas e etapas da metodologia, assim como os seus resultados. É escopo, deste estudo, apresentar críticas ao PEMAT 2022, apoiadas em revisão bibliográfica e em comparações com estudos provenientes de outras fontes de informações. Inicialmente, parte-se de uma revisão dos marcos legislativos do planejamento setorial, desde da Lei do Petróleo até a Lei do gás, que contém as diretrizes para a elaboração do PEMAT. Em termos de comparações, foram confrontadas as projeções realizadas pela EPE e adotadas no PEMAT 2022 com as projeções do Plano Decenal de Energia (PDE), também realizado pela EPE, com as de estudos internacionais; do International Energy Outlook 2013 do Departamento da Informação de Energia dos Estados Unidos (U. S. Energy Information Administration EIA) e do World Energy Outlook 2013 da Agência Internacional de Energia (International Energy Agency IEA). A avaliação dos resultados do PEMAT 2022 trouxe a constatação da manutenção do quadro de incipiência no que concerne à infraestrutura de gasodutos no Brasil. A partir desse cenário, propõem-se alterações necessárias para que o PEMAT, em suas futuras versões, apresente resultados mais expressivos para a expansão da malha, constituindo-se, assim, em um instrumento de um planejamento mais amplo, pautado em diferentes modais de transporte, que direcione incentivos para os agentes da cadeia produtiva do gás natural no Brasil. / This paper is a critical analysis of the case study: Expansion Plan pipeline Transportation Loop (PEMAT 2022), developed by the Empresa de Pesquisas Energéticas (EPE - Energy Research Company) in order to identify the assumptions and steps of the methodology, as well as their results . It is scope of this study, criticize the PEMAT 2022, supported by literature review and comparisons with studies from other sources of information. Initially, there is a review of legislative frameworks of sectoral planning, from the Petroleum Law to the gas law, which contains the guidelines for the preparation of PEMAT. In terms of comparisons, the projections made by EPE and adopted in PEMAT 2022 were confronted with the projections of the Ten Year Energy Plan (Plano Decenal de Energia - PDE), also conducted by the EPE and the international studies, the International Energy Outlook 2013 of the US Energy Information Administration (EIA) and also the World Energy Outlook 2013 of the International Energy Agency (IEA). The evaluation of the results of PEMAT 2022 shows the maintaining of the incipient framework regarding the infrastructure of pipelines in Brazil. From this scenario, it proposes changes necessary for the PEMAT in future versions, present more significant results for the expansion of the grid, becoming thus an instrument of a broader planning, based on different modes of transport, direct incentives for the agents of the productive chain of natural gas in Brazil.

No abstract available. / Thesis (MBA)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2006.

Este trabalho é uma análise crítica de estudo de caso do Plano de Expansão da Malha de Transporte Dutoviária (PEMAT 2022), desenvolvido pela Empresa de Pesquisa Energética (EPE), a fim de identificar as premissas e etapas da metodologia, assim como os seus resultados. É escopo, deste estudo, apresentar críticas ao PEMAT 2022, apoiadas em revisão bibliográfica e em comparações com estudos provenientes de outras fontes de informações. Inicialmente, parte-se de uma revisão dos marcos legislativos do planejamento setorial, desde da Lei do Petróleo até a Lei do gás, que contém as diretrizes para a elaboração do PEMAT. Em termos de comparações, foram confrontadas as projeções realizadas pela EPE e adotadas no PEMAT 2022 com as projeções do Plano Decenal de Energia (PDE), também realizado pela EPE, com as de estudos internacionais; do International Energy Outlook 2013 do Departamento da Informação de Energia dos Estados Unidos (U. S. Energy Information Administration EIA) e do World Energy Outlook 2013 da Agência Internacional de Energia (International Energy Agency IEA). A avaliação dos resultados do PEMAT 2022 trouxe a constatação da manutenção do quadro de incipiência no que concerne à infraestrutura de gasodutos no Brasil. A partir desse cenário, propõem-se alterações necessárias para que o PEMAT, em suas futuras versões, apresente resultados mais expressivos para a expansão da malha, constituindo-se, assim, em um instrumento de um planejamento mais amplo, pautado em diferentes modais de transporte, que direcione incentivos para os agentes da cadeia produtiva do gás natural no Brasil. / This paper is a critical analysis of the case study: Expansion Plan pipeline Transportation Loop (PEMAT 2022), developed by the Empresa de Pesquisas Energéticas (EPE - Energy Research Company) in order to identify the assumptions and steps of the methodology, as well as their results . It is scope of this study, criticize the PEMAT 2022, supported by literature review and comparisons with studies from other sources of information. Initially, there is a review of legislative frameworks of sectoral planning, from the Petroleum Law to the gas law, which contains the guidelines for the preparation of PEMAT. In terms of comparisons, the projections made by EPE and adopted in PEMAT 2022 were confronted with the projections of the Ten Year Energy Plan (Plano Decenal de Energia - PDE), also conducted by the EPE and the international studies, the International Energy Outlook 2013 of the US Energy Information Administration (EIA) and also the World Energy Outlook 2013 of the International Energy Agency (IEA). The evaluation of the results of PEMAT 2022 shows the maintaining of the incipient framework regarding the infrastructure of pipelines in Brazil. From this scenario, it proposes changes necessary for the PEMAT in future versions, present more significant results for the expansion of the grid, becoming thus an instrument of a broader planning, based on different modes of transport, direct incentives for the agents of the productive chain of natural gas in Brazil.

This study attempts to show that judicial review of administrative decisions has provided the greatest degree of protection for consumers during the time that natural gas has been subject to regulation by the Federal Power Commission. The first part of the investigation deals with the activities of the regulatory agency since controls were established in 1938. It continues with a discussion of the influence of consumer and producer interests on the legislative process. The contributions of the courts to policy-making is discussed in the following section. The report concludes that more protection from the political environment could be realized by placing the major responsibility for the regulatory program in the hands of the Executive branch.

The objective of this thesis is to analyze the Iraqi politics of oil in the period from 20 th century onwards. Within this regard, while &ldquo / rentier state&rdquo / conception is generally put under consideration to understand the state&rsquo / s centrality in political, economic and social spheres of oil &ndash / producing countries, contrary to this conventional approach,this thesis argues that the key to all achievements and all failures of Iraqi state is related to the status of oil in Iraq&rsquo / s engagement with the superpowers and the attractiveness of Iraqi oil for other external actors like international non-state actors and multinational companies. In the first instance, the engagement of Britain and later on, the inclusion of the U.S to the national, regional and international affairs of Iraq are discussed within the boundaries of the aforementioned argument. The role of oil in the creation of the state, in its relations with neighbour countries and in relations conducted with the super powers of the international system is analyzed. Within this context, in the aftermath of the September 11, the U.S&rsquo / s intense desires for regime change in Iraq is analyzed to reveal that the main motivation behind the invasion of Iraq in 2003 is related with the country&rsquo / s vast oil resources. In the similar vein, the developments in the post- invasion period are analyzed to indicate the prevailing prominent role of oil. Eventually, this thesis states that even though changes and continuities occur in the course of time and accordingly divergences and convergences exist in the implementations of the Iraqi state, the issue of guaranteeing the flow of oil at reasonable price has remained in the focal point of the external interventions to Iraq.

The resource curse is a defining feature of the African content. Despite vast resource wealth, Africa remains the poorest and most underdeveloped continent in the world. The aim of this study is to conduct a comparative analysis of the primary laws regulating of oil and gas exploration and product activities in Angola, Nigeria and South Africa in order to determine their effectiveness in protecting the continent's depleting petroleum resources. Different regulatory models apply to Angola, following the Norwegian carried-interest model, Nigeria, where a British discretionary model has been retained, an a South africa, where a unique model has been developed. The comparison is conducted by analysing and comparing these different regulatory systems in terms of legal frameworks; the legal nature of the regulatory systems; ownership of the oil and gas resources; legal nature of licenses; organisational or institutional structures; fiscal systems; local communities benefits from these proceeds of oil and gas resources; local content; state/government participation arrangements; and environmental challenges. The study evaluates the effectiveness of these regimes by examining the extent to which they recognise and enforce state ownership of he oil and gas resourcs in situ; recognise and enforce the doctrine of Permanent Sovereignty over Natural Resources (PSNR); protect the environment; how they provide for institutional capacities for the management of resources; and the protection of local communities from exploitation and abuse by recognising their rights to benefit from revenues derived from these resources. An overall assessment of the three systems reveals that there is no ideal model for oil and gas regulation in Africa. The Norwegian model might well be considered an ideal model if it was applied with care and correctly in Angola. The study hopes to gain practical importance for the proper regulationof the oil and gas industries' upstream activities in Africa and assist governments of the selected jurisdictions in their policy revisions, as some recommendations are made. / Public, Constitutional and International Law / LL. D.