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Submitted by Marilene Donadel (marilene.donadel@unioeste.br) on 2017-10-24T23:35:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Andy_A_ Saavedra_Mendoza_2017.pdf: 3487784 bytes, checksum: 5d8d1eb2d6fa3fd3b97b96a44b09259b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-24T23:35:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Andy_A_ Saavedra_Mendoza_2017.pdf: 3487784 bytes, checksum: 5d8d1eb2d6fa3fd3b97b96a44b09259b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / In Brazil and in particular in the State of Paraná West Region there are several activities that emit gaseous pollutants. Specifically, the proximity of urban areas, pig farming, cattle raising, poultry, the wastewater treatment plants and processing industries of refrigerators waste and slaughter of pigs, cattle, poultry and fish have bothered the population the bad smell prevalent these activities. The qualification and quantification of gaseous emissions are of extreme importance for the environmental assessment and also to the use/treatment/control the emission of gaseous pollutants, because the choice of prevention methods and also the corrective methods depend on this information. In this context, the general objective of this study was to development an alternative technology for transient monitoring, remote, individual or simultaneous gaseous pollutants including H2S, SO2, CO and CO2. For this purpose the methodology included the realization of 4 steps: 1) Physical and chemical characterization (qualitative and quantitative) of gaseous pollutants and their sources of generation (properties of pig farming and refrigerators waste processing industries); 2) proposition/development/ design/manufacturing/assembly of alternative technology; 3) operational tests in laboratory scale and in real operating condition; and 5) evaluation of the requirements of novelty and intellectual property protection in the form of patent. The result of the work was an alternative technology for transient monitoring of gaseous equipped with the following attributes: performs continuous monitoring (every minute) concentrations of H2S, SO2, CO and CO2; The monitoring results are presented in tables and graphs and dynamic can be viewed remotely at a distance of 500 m by means of a communication radio frequency (RF) system; by means of a computer program with a visual interface technology enables storing and exporting the monitored data to an Excel spreadsheet; and lastly, the existence of the Internet connection, the technology also allows the sending of data monitored continuously, to a virtual server and thus enables remote monitoring with unlimited distance between the point of monitoring and viewing point / data processing. According to the results presented above and based on the technical and constructive character features, the alternative technology developed was patenting object at the National Institute of Industrial Property-INPI. / No Brasil e em particular na Região Oeste do Estado do Paraná várias são as atividades que emitem poluentes gasosos. De maneira específica, pela proximidade das áreas urbanas, a suinocultura, a bovinocultura, a avicultura, as estações de tratamento de efluentes e as indústrias de beneficiamento de resíduos de frigoríficos e de abate de suínos, bovinos, aves e peixes têm incomodado a população com o mau cheiro predominante dessas atividades. A qualificação e a quantificação das emissões gasosas são de extrema importância para o diagnóstico ambiental e também para o aproveitamento/tratamento/controle da emissão dos poluentes gasosos, pois a escolha dos métodos preventivos e também dos métodos corretivos dependem dessas informações. Nesse contexto, o objetivo geral do trabalho foi o desenvolvimento de uma tecnologia alternativa para o monitoramento transiente, remoto, individual ou simultâneo de poluentes gasosos entre eles o H2S, SO2, CO e CO2. Para essa finalidade a metodologia contemplou a realização de 4 etapas: 1) caracterização físico-química (qualitativa e quantitativa) dos poluentes gasosos e suas fontes de geração (propriedades da suinocultura e industrias de processamento de resíduos de frigoríficos); 2) proposição/desenvolvimento/projeto/fabricação/montagem da tecnologia alternativa; 3) testes operacionais, na escala laboratorial e na condição real de operação; e 5) avaliação dos requisitos de novidade e proteção intelectual na forma de patente. O resultado do trabalho foi uma tecnologia alternativa para o monitoramento transiente de poluentes gasosos dotado dos seguintes atributos: realiza o monitoramento contínuo (minuto a minuto) das concentrações de H2S, SO2, CO e CO2; os resultados do monitoramento são apresentados em forma de tabelas e gráficos dinâmicos e podem ser visualizados, de forma remota, numa distância de 500 m por meio de um sistema de comunicação por radiofrequência (RF); por meio de um programa computacional com uma interface visual a tecnologia possibilita armazenar e exportar os dados monitorados para uma planilha de Excel; e por último, na existência da conexão a internet, a tecnologia permite também o envio dos dados monitorados de forma contínua, para um servidor virtual e dessa forma viabiliza o monitoramento remoto sem limites de distância entre o ponto de monitoramento e o ponto de visualização/tratamento dos dados. De acordo com os resultados apresentados anteriormente e com base das características de caráter técnico e construtivo, a tecnologia alternativa desenvolvida foi objeto de patenteamento junto ao Instituto Nacional de Propriedade Industrial-INPI.

Les outils d’évaluation des risques liés au transfert des polluants gazeux du sol vers les environnements intérieurs comportent de fortes incertitudes quant à la connaissance de certains paramètres et notamment ceux relatifs à l’interface sol-bâtiment : prise en compte des différentes typologies de soubassement, niveau de perméabilité des planchers bas. Ces incertitudes conduisent à une mauvaise estimation de l’impact de ces polluants gazeux sur la qualité d’air intérieur.Afin de contribuer à l’amélioration des modèles d’évaluation pour la gestion des risques vis-à-vis des pollutions gazeuses venant du sol, cette thèse présente dans une première partie, une méthodologie de développement de modèles analytiques adaptés à la prise en compte de différents soubassements, afin de mieux appréhender le transfert de polluants gazeux entre le sol et le bâtiment. Ces modèles ont été développés sur la base d’une analogie avec le transfert des flux de chaleur entre le sol et le bâtiment. Ils traitent, tout particulièrement, des transferts d’air convectifs au niveau de l’interface sol-bâtiment pour différentes typologies de soubassement. Parla suite, les modèles analytiques développés ont été intégrés dans un modèle aéraulique des bâtiments afin d’étudier l’impact des différentes typologies de soubassement sur l’entrée de polluants du sol et donc sur la qualité d’air intérieur résultante.En parallèle, des travaux expérimentaux ont été entrepris afin de compléter la connaissance actuelle relative à la perméabilité à l’air des bétons fissurés, pour laquelle un manque de données a été constaté. D’autre part, les débits d’air convectifs allant du sol vers le bâtiment ont également été quantifiés de façon expérimentale à l’aide de la maison expérimentale ‘MARIA’ dont dispose le CSTB. Ce type de quantification constitue une première base de données expérimentale.Enfin, une dernière partie de cette thèse traite de la réalisation d’un suivi expérimental annuel des performances d’un Système de Dépressurisation des Sols naturels, dans le but d’optimiser à terme les solutions de protection des bâtiments vis-à-vis des polluants gazeux du sol.. / Risk assessment tools related to transfers of gaseous pollutant from soil to indoor environments present large uncertainties relative to the knowledge of certain parameters, particularly those relating to the soil-building interface: considering the different basement typology, permeability level of floor. These uncertainties lead to an inaccurate evaluation of the impact of gaseous pollutants on indoor air quality.In order to contribute to the improvement of risk assessment models of gaseous pollutants from the soil, thiswork present in a fist part the development of analytical and numerical models. These models have been adapted to consider the different basement, in order to estimate the transfer of gaseous pollutants from the soil to the building. An analogy with heat transfer phenomena between soil and building is used to develop these models.They predict convective airflow transfers between soils and building, for different soil-building interface.There after, the analytical model has been incorporated into an airflow model. This model enables us to study the impact of different types of basement on the entry of pollutants from soil and the indoor air quality.Besides, experimental works have been made to complete the knowledge of concrete air permeability, because of a lack of data. Furthermore, the convective airflows from soil to building have been quantified experimentally.These airflows have been determined in the experimental house ‘MARIA’ installed in the CSTB. Suchquantification constitutes the first experimental database.Finally, the last part of this work shows a one-year follow-up study about the ability of natural SoilDepressurisation System. This study has been carried out to optimize the solutions of buildings protection from the soil gaseous pollutants.

Concentrations of elements and ions measured in samples collected between February 1993 and December 2000 at a rural site in central Anatolia were investigated to evaluate the chemical composition of atmosphere at central Anatolia, to determine pollution level of the region, to study temporal variability of the pollutants and to investigate the sources and source regions of air pollutants in the region. Level of pollution at central Anatolia was found to be lower than the pollution level at other European countries and Mediterranean and Black Sea regions of Turkey. Enrichment factor calculations revealed that SO42-, Pb and Ca are highly enriched in the aerosol / whereas, soil component has dominating contribution on observed concentrations of V, Mg, Ca and K. SO42-/(SO2+SO42-) ratio observed in &Ccedil / ubuk station indicates that contribution of distant sources is more important than the contribution of local sources on observed SO42- levels. SO42-/NO3- ratio calculations showed that Central Anatolia is receipt of SO42- from Eastern European countries. Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) analysis revealed 6 source groups, namely motor vehicle source, mixed urban factor, long range transport factor, soil factor, NO3- factor and Cd factor. Distribution of Potential Source Contribution Function (PSCF) values showed that main source areas of SO42-, NH4+ and Cd are western parts of Turkey, Balkan countries, central and western Europe, central Russian Federation and north of Sweden and Finland / NO3- are the regions located around the Mediterranean Sea / and there is no very strong potential source area observed for NH3 and Pb.

The Diploma thesis is focused on the separation of gaseous pollutants from contaminated mixtures of gases into liquids using absorbent device. The theoretical part is mainly concerned with describing the absorption process, the method expression and the factors influencing the rate of transfer of contaminants between phases. The experimental part deals with the dependence of transfer of carbon dioxide contained in an air mixture into an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide on the process conditions of separation in pilot scrubber.

Title: What is the connection between atmospheric aerosols, meteorological pa- rameters and gaseous pollutants? Author: RNDr. Naděžda Slezáčková Zíková Department: Department of Meteorology and Environment Protection Supervisor: Ing. Vladimír Ždímal, Dr. Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Chemical Process Fun- damentals, Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i. Abstract: Five years of atmospheric aerosol (AA) measurements at rural back- ground station Košetice were compared with meteorological records and gaseous pollutants concentrations. The sampling and data analysis of AA data is de- scribed, and the statistical evaluation is done. The variability in the AA con- centrations is significant; the long-term measurements of AA, over the period at least several years, and the differentiation according to the season of the year are thus necessary. The clearly expressed annual cycle of AA concentrations is mainly influenced by two phenomena. From April to September, the total AA concentration cycle is driven mainly by the new particles formation events, from October to March, the concentrations are strongly influenced by particles coming from long-range transport and/or from the regional pollution. The relationship between AA and meteorological parameters, however, is not only season...

In India, the expansion of industries and two-fold increase in motor vehicles over the last decade are posing a serious environmental crisis in the form of urban air pollution. Common pollutants include carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), and nitrogen oxides produced by industry and motor vehicles. Air pollution results from a variety of sources. The natural sources include volcanoes, forest fire, scattering soil, biological decay, lightning strikes, dust storms etc. and man-made sources include thermal power plants, vehicular exhausts, incinerators and various other industrial emissions. More than 60% of the air pollution is contributed by these man-made sources. Amongst the gaseous pollutants, the major concern and a challenging task is to control oxides of nitrogen, commonly referred to as NOx. In case of diesel engines, despite the modification in engine design and improvement in after treatment technologies, large amount of NOx continues is get emitted and attempts to develop new catalyst to reduce NOx have so far been less successful. Further, with the emission standards becoming more stringent, estimates are that NOx and particulate matter emission must be reduced by as much as 90%. In this context, the emergence of electrical discharge plasma technique in combination with the few existing technologies is providing to be economically viable and efficient technology. In this thesis emphasis has been laid on the discharge based non-thermal plasma for NOx removal. NOx from simulated gas mixture and actual diesel engine exhaust has been treated. The thesis mainly addresses the following issues. . • Performance evaluation of pipe-cylinder and wire-cylinder reactor for NOx removal . • Study of effect of plasma assisted adsorbent reactor on NOx removal . • Study of effect of adsorption and plasma based desorption using different adsorbent material and electrode configuration The first chapter provides introduction about the air pollutants and the existing NOx control technologies, a brief history of electric discharge plasma, a detailed literature survey and scope of the work. A detailed experimental setup consisting of voltage sources, gas system (simulated flue gas and diesel exhaust), gas analyzers, adsorbent materials are discussed in the second chapter. In the third chapter, NOx is treated by three different methods and are described in separate parts. In first part we have done a comparative study of NO/NOx removal using two different types of dielectric barrier discharge electrodes: a) wire-cylinder reactor, b) pipe-cylinder reactor. Investigations were first carried out with synthetic gases to obtain the baseline information on the NO/NOx removal with respect to the two geometries studied. Further, experiments were carried out with raw diesel exhaust under loaded condition. A high NOx removal efficiency 90% was observed for pipe-cylinder reactor when compared to that with wire-cylinder reactor, where it was 53.4%. In second part an analysis has been made on discharge plasma coupled with an adsorbent system. The cascaded plasma-adsorbent system may be perceived as a better alternative for the existing adsorbent based abatement system in the industry. During this study the exhaust is sourced from a diesel generator set. It was observed that better NO removal in a plasma reactor can be made possible by achieving higher average fields and subsequent NO2 removal can be improved using an adsorbent system connected in cascade with the plasma system. This part describes the various findings pertaining to these comparative analyses. The third and last part of chapter 3 consists of gas desorption from an adsorbent by non-thermal plasma, which is an alternative to conventional thermal desorption, has been studied in relation to diesel engine exhaust. In this process saturated adsorbent material is regenerated using high energetic electrons and excited molecules produced by non thermal plasma. The last Chapter lists out the major inferences drawn from this study.