Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Michigan, 1935. / Cover title. "Reprinted from vol. 22 ... June, 1930, Industrial and engineering chemistry." "Literature cited": p. 11, 35.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Michigan, 1928. / Cover title. At head of title: Exhibit A.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Michigan, 1935. / Cover title. "Reprinted from vol. 22 ... June, 1930, Industrial and engineering chemistry." "Literature cited": p. 11, 35.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Columbia University, 1927. / Vita. Bibliography: p. [66-67].

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2009. / Title from PDF title page (University of Texas Digital Repository, viewed on Sept. 15, 2009). Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2005. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains v, 113 p. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 106-113).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2007. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-04-09Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:17:30Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 munhoz_jfvl_me_araiq_parcial.pdf: 168545 bytes, checksum: 1ae82babdb38a2eb1abcc789a69195e6 (MD5) Bitstreams deleted on 2015-01-16T10:37:51Z: munhoz_jfvl_me_araiq_parcial.pdf,Bitstream added on 2015-01-16T10:38:35Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000719100.pdf: 8562731 bytes, checksum: 4a902f8a7e7692ae1c195d2afa11172e (MD5) / O Governo brasileiro intervia diretamente na comercialização de combustíveis até a década de 90. Com a abertura do mercado, pequenos revendedores sem contrato exclusivo com qualquer distribuidora, chamados de ‘bandeiras brancas’, surgiram no ambiente concorrencial. Com o propósito de assegurar a qualidade, a Agência Nacional do Petróleo, Gás Natural e Biocombustíveis, ANP, criou portarias especificando as características físico-químicas da gasolina comercial brasileira, tal como a Portaria nº 309. Com a crescente quantidade de informações, a diminuição do tempo de análise é uma necessidade. Uma técnica promissora é a cromatografia gasosa ultrarrápida, capaz de realizar uma corrida em poucos minutos, ou até mesmo em alguns segundos. Para isso, o comprimento da coluna capilar e seu diâmetro interno são reduzidos e seu aquecimento é feito através de uma resistência encapsulada. Assim, é possível obter os mesmos resultados em tempo diminuído e com a mesma qualidade. O aumento do volume de informações obtido experimentalmente exige ferramentas matemáticas mais avançadas para seu tratamento. Desde a década de 70, a quimiometria tem sido aplicada na obtenção, representação e transformação destes dados. O objetivo deste trabalho é criar um método de cromatografia gasosa ultrarrápida para análise de gasolinas comerciais brasileiras e, com ferramentas quimiométricas, classificar quanto à qualidade segundo a ANP. No desenvolvimento, cerca de 580 amostras de gasolinas comerciais foram coletadas mensalmente na região centro-oeste do estado de São Paulo. Os ensaios físico-químicos obtidos revelaram que grande parte não estava em conformidade com as portarias estabelecidas, possuindo apenas um parâmetro em discordância: a quantidade de etanol em sua composição... / The Brazilian government intervened directly in the commercialization of fuel until de 90s. By opening of the marketing, small dealers without exclusive contract with any distributor, called ‘white flags’, appeared in the competitive environment. In order to ensure quality, the National Agency of Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels, ANP, has created ordinances which specify physico-chemicals characteristics of Brazilian commercial gasoline, such as the Ordinance No 309. By increasing the amount of information, reducing the analysis time is a necessity. A promising technique is the ultra-fast gas chromatography, able to perform a chromatographic run in just few minutes, or even in seconds. Thereunto, the capillary column length and its internal diameter are reduced and its heating is done via an encapsulated resistor. It is possible to obtain the same results in reduced time and with the same quality. The increasing volume of information obtained experimentally requires more advanced mathematical tools for their treatment. Since the 70s, Chemometrics has been applied in acquisition, representation and processing these data. The objective of this work is to create an ultrafast gas chromatography method for analisys of the Brazilian commercial gasoline and, with chemometric tools, sort by their quality according to ANP. In development, about 580 commercial gasoline samples were collected monthly in the central-western state of São Paulo. The physico-chemical assays reveled that a great fraction of which was not in accordance with the ordinances established, having only one parameter in disagreement: the amount of ethanol in its composition. The addition of adulterants to some samples was necessary to increase the variability of the data. Monthly, 50 of 580 samples were selected by the hierarchical cluster analysis... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Gasoline is a complex fuel containing hundreds of species, and, therefore, it is quite difficult to model all components present in gasoline. Alternatively, researchers tend to employ simpler surrogates that mimic targeted physical and chemical properties of gasoline. Two properties of gasoline, i.e., autoignition and laminar flame speed, play key role in the overall performance of spark-ignition and modern engines. For fuel-engine optimization, it is very important to have simple models which can accurately predict autoignition and laminar flame speed of gasoline. In this work, universal laminar flame speed correlation is proposed for typical gasolines. This correlation is based on Monte-Carlo simulations of randomly generated mixtures comprising of 21 gasoline-relevant molecules. Laminar flame speed of each molecule is numerically computed over a wide range of thermodynamic conditions using detailed chemical kinetic models, while flame speed of each mixture is estimated using a mixing rule. The proposed universal correlation is validated against experimentally-measured laminar flame speed of various gasoline fuels.

This thesis presents the results of an experiment conducted to discover if selenic acid or monazite sand are possible catalysts that can be used for the alkylation of isobutane and isobutene.