Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-07-11T12:28:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Cecilia Côrtes Carvalho.pdf: 1309606 bytes, checksum: 0cf2efe024f4599e0979a33cdb1772a7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-11T12:28:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cecilia Côrtes Carvalho.pdf: 1309606 bytes, checksum: 0cf2efe024f4599e0979a33cdb1772a7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-05-04 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This study seeks to understand the meaning attributed to the ties of residents of a gated community with their living environment. It is a qualitative research of multiple cases, that used the theory of attachment and the systemic perspective as a theoretical basis. The survey was conducted in a gated community on the outskirts of the city of São Paulo, with approximately six years of construction, seven towers of five floors each, and a total of 270 apartments. There were five participants, whose narratives were submitted to thematic analysis. The meaning of the themes reported the quality of the resident-housing interrelationship. The results showed that the place of housing, in the configuration of gated vertical community, represents a safe environment, since its physical and social security equipment promotes the feeling of protection in the face of fears imparted by the streets, the city — all that is beyond the walls and that escapes the control of the 24-hours surveillance and security system. A secure place bond appears as a protective factor for mental health and a resilience tutor. Housing, like family, can be the social, as well as the geographical reference for someone and still anchor the continuous process of construction of subjectivity. This study brought invisible links to the Psychology map: where apparently there was no bonds — housing in a gated community —, there are structured bonds that function in accordance with the degree of intimacy and sense of security provided by the interaction of the residents / Este estudo buscou compreender o significado atribuído aos vínculos de moradores de um condomínio vertical fechado com seu ambiente de moradia. É uma pesquisa qualitativa de casos múltiplos, que utilizou a teoria do apego e a perspectiva sistêmica como embasamentos teóricos. A pesquisa ocorreu num condomínio na periferia da cidade de São Paulo, com aproximadamente seis anos de construído, com sete torres de cinco andares cada uma, tendo um total de 270 apartamentos. Contou com cinco participantes, cujas narrativas foram submetidas a análise temática. Os significados dos temas relataram a qualidade da inter-relação morador-moradia. Os resultados evidenciaram que o lugar da moradia, na configuração de condomínio vertical fechado, representa um ambiente seguro, uma vez que o equipamento físico e social de segurança deste promove a sensação de protetividade diante de temores direcionados às ruas, à cidade — enfim, ao que está além do entre muros e que foge do controle do sistema de vigilância e segurança vinte quatro horas. Um vínculo de lugar seguro se apresentou como fator de proteção à saúde mental e tutor de resiliência. A moradia, assim como a família, pode ser a referência social — além de geográfica — de alguém e ainda ancorar o processo contínuo de construção da subjetividade. Este estudo trouxe vínculos invisíveis para o mapa da Psicologia: onde se pensava não haver vínculo, na moradia em condomínio fechado, há vínculos que se estruturam e funcionam conforme o grau de intimidade e a sensação de segurança proporcionada pelo convívio dos moradores

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T18:15:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Isa Helena de Castro Canheo.pdf: 9530231 bytes, checksum: f139064d07f614cdf19529582e0b81a1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-10-16 / This research contributes to the analysis of the space through the case study of the city of Ribeirão Preto, taking as its starting point the metamorphosis of living space and the resulting effects of this on the Urban Landscape in the city occurred in the first decade of this century. Has as aid the Architecture and Urbanism in order to make the town look wider, using the reading of private space, told through the evolution of house plan from the colonial period in Brazil until the buildings and Condominium Closed today. It is understood that the reading of the living space can contribute to the enrichment of the study area and the rapid transformation of the urban landscapes are undergoing today in Brazil. As a product series, the living space has been built in large cities in high scale and with a rapidity hitherto not witnessed in our country. A dialogue between architecture and geography with the law is carried out. The intersection between the three sciences enables an understanding of society as a whole, from the administrative to the citizen, as organizers and users of space. Accordingly, as a method, it was decided by the application of an empirical study, because the presentation of photos and iconographic material are significant in supporting the analysis of architects, geographers and lawyers who argue the city today. Therefore, the goal of research is to analyze the monopolistic production of the city of Ribeirão Preto, from your primary agent is the property market / A presente pesquisa contribui para análise do espaço através do estudo de caso da cidade de Ribeirão Preto, tomando como ponto de partida as metamorfoses do espaço habitado e os efeitos resultantes dessa sobre a Paisagem Urbana na cidade ocorrida na primeira década do século XXI. Tem-se como auxílio a Arquitetura e Urbanismo de forma a tornar o olhar da cidade mais amplo, usando a leitura do espaço privado, contado através da evolução da planta da casa desde o período colonial no Brasil até os Edifícios e Condomínios Fechados de hoje. Entende-se que a leitura do espaço de morar pode contribuir para um enriquecimento do estudo do Espaço e a transformação rápida que as paisagens urbanas vêm passando hoje no Brasil. Como um produto em série, o espaço de morar tem sido construído nas grandes cidades em alta escala e com uma rapidez até então não presenciada no nosso país. Um diálogo entre Arquitetura e Geografia junto ao Direito é realizado. A intercessão entre as três ciências possibilita uma compreensão da sociedade como um todo, desde o administrativo até o cidadão, como organizadores e usuários do espaço. Nesse sentido, como método, optou-se pela aplicação de um estudo empírico, pois a apresentação de fotos e material iconográfico são expressivos no apoio às análises de arquitetos, geógrafos e juristas, que hoje discutem a cidade. Portanto, o objetivo da pesquisa é analisar a produção monopolística da cidade de Ribeirão Preto, a partir do seu principal agente que é o mercado Imobiliário

In previous studies, some channels, called the “sleeper channels,” were reported to contribute to the shaping of the action potential (AP) only under non-physiological conditions. These channels have been hypothesized to play a role in providing a protective mechanism to prevent damage from neuronal hyperexcitation. Here we applied two-electrode current clamp at the primary branch point (1°BP) and the presynaptic terminal simultaneously on crayfish axons. Cadmium had minimal effects on AP shaping, suggesting the absence of calcium-activated potassium channels. Application of 1 mM TEA had minimal impact on AP waveform. In the presence of 4-Aminopyridine (4-AP), the same tetraethylammonium (TEA) concentration significantly prolonged AP duration, resembling the behaviors of sleeper channels. The kinetics of the TEA-sensitive channel (Kv(TEA)) is similar to the Kv2 family of mammalian K+ channels. TEA depolarized the potential after an AP and increased the AP duration in a dose-dependent manner, indicating that these channels contributed to maintaining AP waveform majorly during the hyperpolarization. The terminals were more sensitive to the blockers, suggesting a probability of regulation on neurotransmitter release. However, the TEA-sensitive channels at the crayfish axon had a higher affinity to TEA than the Kv2 channels. Pharmacological profiles, spatial distinction and function of the Kv(TEA) in the crayfish axon require further study.

Voltage-gated sodium channels auxiliary subunits evolutionary emerged nearly 500 million years ago during the Cambrian explosion. These subunits alter one the most important ion channels to electrical signaling, the voltage-gated sodium channels support the propagation of electric impulses in animals. The mechanism for the auxiliary subunits effects on the channels is poorly understand, as is the stoichiometry between the auxiliary subunit and the channel. The focus of my thesis is to generate assays and to use these approaches to understand the interactions different types of voltage-gated channels and their auxiliary subunits. A biochemical approach was taken to identify novel interactions between the eukaryotic sodium channel auxiliary subunits and a prokaryotic voltage-gated sodium channel, a protein that diverged from the eukaryotic voltage-gated sodium channels billions of years ago. These interactions between the auxiliary subunits and channels were probed with chemical and photochemical crosslinkers in search of interaction surfaces and similarity to explain the mechanisms of interaction. The work in this thesis identified novel interactions between the voltage-gated sodium channel auxiliary subunits and voltage-gated channels that are distantly related to the voltage-gated sodium channels principally thought to be modulated by the auxiliary subunits. From this work a rudimentary concept can be theorized that the voltage-gated sodium channel β-subunits and not only β1 have a more primary role in electrophysiology by associating with multiple different types of ion channels.

Les gated communities, quartiers enclos et sécurisés interdits aux non-résidents, construisent des ensembles dans lesquels l'espace public est privatisé, et proposent un mode de vie fondé sur les loisirs. Symboles d'un éclatement de la ville, ces quartiers représentent une part croissante des lotissements neufs. La fermeture physique, et la sélection sociale qui président à ces projets posent des problèmes inédits aux métropoles américaines : elles sont les manifestations d'un morcellement de la ville en communautés homogènes, gérées comme des villes privées en quête d'une indépendance politique et fiscale préjudiciable à la métropole. <br />Sur le terrain de Los Angeles, la thèse étudie l'impact politique, fiscal, social de ces quartiers sur les municipalités et voisinages d'appartenance, et met en évidence la construction de discontinuités produites par la fermeture. <br />La gated community est tout d'abord envisagée comme un produit immobilier de consommation à destination des classes moyennes et supérieures, qui ne se limite pas aux seuls ghettos dorés. La question de la privatisation des espaces et équipements publics est mise en perspective dans le cadre de l'évolution contemporaine des villes de l'étalement urbain, et de ses implications sur la structure sociale et économique. Dans ce contexte, la nature de la séparation public – privé mise en oeuvre est étudiée dans ses aspects juridiques et politiques. Les gated communities sont en quête d'autonomie, et certains de ces quartiers créent leur propre municipalité, afin de capter les ressources fiscales et de protéger la valeur immobilière. On analyse enfin la nature socio-économique des discontinuités occasionnées au niveau de l'enceinte, en comparant les gated communities et les quartiers de leur voisinage. On évalue ainsi les effets de l'enceinte sur la valeur immobilière, et sur la construction de territoires qui se distinguent de leur environnement par le statut économique et l'âge.

<p>The purpose of this master thesis, performed at FOI, was to evaluate a range gated underwater camera, for the application identification of bottom objects. The master thesis was supported by FMV within the framework of “arbetsorder Systemstöd minjakt (Jan Andersson, KC Vapen)”. The central part has been field trials, which have been performed in both turbid and clear water. Conclusions about the performance of the camera system have been done, based on resolution and contrast measurements during the field trials. Laboratory testing has also been done to measure system specific parameters, such as the effective gate profile and camera gate distances.</p><p>The field trials shows that images can be acquired at significantly longer distances with the tested gated camera, compared to a conventional video camera. The distance where the target can be detected is increased by a factor of 2. For images suitable for mine identification, the increase is about 1.3. However, studies of the performance of other range gated systems shows that the increase in range for mine identification can be about 1.6. Gated viewing has also been compared to other technical solutions for underwater imaging.</p>

<p><strong>Objectives</strong></p><p>The aim of this study was to compare left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) results derived from gated single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) using Cedars-Sinai quantitative gated SPECT (QGS) processing software with results from 2D echocardiography, both obtained in routine clinical diagnostic use.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Methods</strong></p><p>Data from previously performed tests were obtained from 73 patients who had undergone both 2D echocardiography and gated SPECT within a time span of 6 months and had not had significant events that could influence LVEF. LVEF from 2D echocardiography was reassessed to obtain discrete values and then the data was compared using Bland-Altman analysis.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Results</strong></p><p>The correlation between the tests was shown to be good, but precision lacked. Bland-Altman analysis showed a bias of -0.8 percentage points when gated SPECT compared to mean values and 2 standard deviations (SD) ranged from -20.2 to 18.6.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Conclusions</strong></p><p>LVEF values from the two methods can differ quite a bit and comparisons between them should be done with great caution.</p> / <p><strong>Syfte</strong></p><p>Syftet med studien var att jämföra hur bra ultraljud av hjärta och isotopundersökning av hjärta stämmer överens när det gäller att visa hjärtats pumpförmåga.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Metod</strong></p><p>Data från tidigare utförda undersökningar av 73 patienter jämfördes. Patienter som hade gjort båda undersökningarna inom 6 månader och under perioden mellan undersökningarna inte hade haft hjärtinfarkt eller någon annan händelse som kan påverka hjärtats pumpförmåga valdes till studien.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Resultat</strong></p><p>Utslaget över hela studiepopulationen stämde resultaten från de båda undersökningarna bra överens. Jämförde man däremot resultaten från de båda undersökningarna med varandra patient för patient förekom mycket stora variationer.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Slutsats</strong></p><p>Resultaten angående hjärtats pumpförmåga kan skilja sig mycket från varandra. Jämförelser av värden från dessa två metoder bör därför göras med väldigt stor försiktighet.</p>

Background: In Arabidopsis thaliana, the family of cyclic nucleotide-gated channels (CNGCs) is composed of 20 members. Previous studies indicate that plant CNGCs are involved in the control of growth processes and responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. According to their proposed function as cation entry pathways these channels contribute to cellular cation homeostasis, including calcium and sodium, as well as to stress-related signal transduction. Here, we studied the expression patterns and regulation of CNGC19 and CNGC20, which constitute one of the five CNGC subfamilies. Results: GUS, GFP and luciferase reporter assays were used to study the expression of CNGC19 and CNGC20 genes from Arabidopsis thaliana in response to developmental cues and salt stress. CNGC19 and CNGC20 were differentially expressed in roots and shoots. The CNGC19 gene was predominantly active in roots already at early growth stages. Major expression was observed in the phloem. CNGC20 showed highest promoter activity in mesophyll cells surrounding the veins. Its expression increased during development and was maximal in mature and senescent leaves. Both genes were upregulated in the shoot in response to elevated NaCl but not mannitol concentrations. While in the root, CNGC19 did not respond to changes in the salt concentration, in the shoot it was strongly upregulated in the observed time frame (6-72 hours). Salt-induction of CNGC20 was also observed in the shoot, starting already one hour after stress treatment. It occurred with similar kinetics, irrespective of whether NaCl was applied to roots of intact plants or to the petiole of detached leaves. No differences in K and Na contents of the shoots were measured in homozygous T-DNA insertion lines for CNGC19 and CNGC20, respectively, which developed a growth phenotype in the presence of up to 75 mM NaCl similar to that of the wild type. Conclusion: Together, the results strongly suggest that both channels are involved in the salinity response of different cell types in the shoot. Upon salinity both genes are upregulated within hours. CNGC19 and CNGC20 could assist the plant to cope with toxic effects caused by salt stress, probably by contributing to a re-allocation of sodium within the plant.

Voltage-gated ion channels are fundamental for electrical signaling in living cells. They are composed of four subunits, each holding six transmembrane helices, S1-S6. Each subunit contains a voltage-sensor domain, S1-S4, and a pore domain, S5-S6. S4 contains several positively charged amino-acid residues and moves in response to changes in membrane voltage. This movement controls the opening and closing of the channel. The structure of the pore domain is solved and demonstrates principles of channel selectivity. The molecular mechanism of how the voltage sensor regulates the opening of the channel is still under discussion. Several models have been discussed. One of the models is the paddle model where S3b and S4 move together. The second one is the helical-twist where S4 makes a small rotation in order for the channel to open. The third one is the helical-screw model where S4 twists around its axis and moves diagonally towards the extracellular side of the channel. The aim of this PhD project was to study the molecular movement of the voltage sensor in the depolarization-activated Shaker K channel. Cloned channels were expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes, and investigated with several electrophysiological techniques. 1. We show that S4 moves in relation to both S3b and S5. The formation of some disulfide bonds between S4 and neighboring positions, in only the open state, shows that the paddle model cannot be correct. Furthermore, electrostatic and steric effects of residues in S3b suggest that S3b is tilted, with the intracellular part close to S4. 2. We show that the relatively Mg-sensitive Shaker K channel is changed into the less Mg-sensitive Kv2.1 K channel with respect to its sensitivity to extracellularly applied Mg2+ by changing the charge of three extracellularly positioned amino acid residues. One of the residues, F425C, mediates its effect through the neighboring residue K427. 3. We show that oxaliplatin, an anti-cancer drug, has no effect on the Shaker K channel. It has been suggested that a negatively charged monochloro complex of oxaliplatin is the active substance, and also causes the neurotoxic side effects. Neither this complex shows any effect on the channel. Our experiments point towards the helical-screw model. The other models for voltage-sensor movements are incompatible with the results in this study.

Objectives The aim of this study was to compare left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) results derived from gated single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) using Cedars-Sinai quantitative gated SPECT (QGS) processing software with results from 2D echocardiography, both obtained in routine clinical diagnostic use.   Methods Data from previously performed tests were obtained from 73 patients who had undergone both 2D echocardiography and gated SPECT within a time span of 6 months and had not had significant events that could influence LVEF. LVEF from 2D echocardiography was reassessed to obtain discrete values and then the data was compared using Bland-Altman analysis.   Results The correlation between the tests was shown to be good, but precision lacked. Bland-Altman analysis showed a bias of -0.8 percentage points when gated SPECT compared to mean values and 2 standard deviations (SD) ranged from -20.2 to 18.6.   Conclusions LVEF values from the two methods can differ quite a bit and comparisons between them should be done with great caution. / Syfte Syftet med studien var att jämföra hur bra ultraljud av hjärta och isotopundersökning av hjärta stämmer överens när det gäller att visa hjärtats pumpförmåga.   Metod Data från tidigare utförda undersökningar av 73 patienter jämfördes. Patienter som hade gjort båda undersökningarna inom 6 månader och under perioden mellan undersökningarna inte hade haft hjärtinfarkt eller någon annan händelse som kan påverka hjärtats pumpförmåga valdes till studien.   Resultat Utslaget över hela studiepopulationen stämde resultaten från de båda undersökningarna bra överens. Jämförde man däremot resultaten från de båda undersökningarna med varandra patient för patient förekom mycket stora variationer.   Slutsats Resultaten angående hjärtats pumpförmåga kan skilja sig mycket från varandra. Jämförelser av värden från dessa två metoder bör därför göras med väldigt stor försiktighet.