Les gated communities, quartiers enclos et sécurisés interdits aux non-résidents, construisent des ensembles dans lesquels l'espace public est privatisé, et proposent un mode de vie fondé sur les loisirs. Symboles d'un éclatement de la ville, ces quartiers représentent une part croissante des lotissements neufs. La fermeture physique, et la sélection sociale qui président à ces projets posent des problèmes inédits aux métropoles américaines : elles sont les manifestations d'un morcellement de la ville en communautés homogènes, gérées comme des villes privées en quête d'une indépendance politique et fiscale préjudiciable à la métropole. <br />Sur le terrain de Los Angeles, la thèse étudie l'impact politique, fiscal, social de ces quartiers sur les municipalités et voisinages d'appartenance, et met en évidence la construction de discontinuités produites par la fermeture. <br />La gated community est tout d'abord envisagée comme un produit immobilier de consommation à destination des classes moyennes et supérieures, qui ne se limite pas aux seuls ghettos dorés. La question de la privatisation des espaces et équipements publics est mise en perspective dans le cadre de l'évolution contemporaine des villes de l'étalement urbain, et de ses implications sur la structure sociale et économique. Dans ce contexte, la nature de la séparation public – privé mise en oeuvre est étudiée dans ses aspects juridiques et politiques. Les gated communities sont en quête d'autonomie, et certains de ces quartiers créent leur propre municipalité, afin de capter les ressources fiscales et de protéger la valeur immobilière. On analyse enfin la nature socio-économique des discontinuités occasionnées au niveau de l'enceinte, en comparant les gated communities et les quartiers de leur voisinage. On évalue ainsi les effets de l'enceinte sur la valeur immobilière, et sur la construction de territoires qui se distinguent de leur environnement par le statut économique et l'âge.

Das rasant voranschreitende Wirtschaftswachstum Chiles in Zusammenhang mit einer sehr liberalen Wirtschafts- und Stadtentwicklungspolitik ist Ursache für eine tiefgreifende gesellschaftliche und urbane Umstrukturierung der chilenischen Hauptstadt. Die Nutznießer dieser Entwicklung sind in jüngster Zeit besonders auch Angehörige der unteren Mittelschicht, für die eigens preiswerte bewachte und umzäunte Wohnprojekte ins Leben gerufen werden. Schwerpunkt der vorliegenden Untersuchung war es, diese sich neu formierende Gesellschaftsschicht genauer zu betrachten und zu untersuchen, mit welchen Anpassungshandlungen diese auf die veränderten Lebens- und Wohnbedingungen innerhalb dieser sogenannten condominios reagieren. Das Konzept condominio scheint zunächst die ideale Antwort auf zahlreiche Handlungsprobleme zu sein; das Wohnen im abgeschlossenen Wohnviertel gibt das Gefühl der Sicherheit und Kontrolle der unmittelbaren Umgebung und ist durch seine Exklusivität gleichzeitig ein willkommenes Statussymbol. Erst auf den zweiten Blick wird sichtbar, was das condominio nicht leisten kann und welche weiteren Probleme mit dem Wohnen im abgeschlossenen Viertel entstehen. Im Laufe der Analyse wurde jedoch die trotz aller Problemlagen essentielle Bedeutung des condominios für ihre Bewohner erkennbar. Die neue Wohnform der unteren Mittelschicht ist nicht nur ein Produkt der sich in ihren Potentialen, Ansprüchen und Werten verändernden Anwohner. Sie wird auch aktiv für die Konstruktion von sozialen Identitäten genutzt und ist damit also zentrales Element in der Formation und Identifikation dieser Gesellschafts-schicht.

Gated communities are the new forms of residential settlements, which emerged as a response to changing urban dynamics, becoming increasingly common across the world. Fenced or walled off from the surrounding and limiting the access of the nonresidents, gated communities are in an attempt to create an alternative way of living by eliminating the disadvantages of the ordinary city life and providing secure, well-managed, well-maintained and peaceful environments. On the other hand, gated communities are open to ongoing discussions and controversies. Gating attitude is mostly criticized in many fields, especially causing corruptions on the social and physical cohesion of the cities. Turkey is also witnessing these conflicts by the growing number of private residential areas. In this respect, this study tries to examine the contemporary development of gated communities in Turkey. To this end, a research study was conducted in &Ccedil / ankaya, the central district of Ankara. Zirvekent residential settlement &ndash / as an exemplar of gated communities- and its close neighborhood Birlik Mahallesi &ndash / as an exemplar of non-gated communities- were chosen as the study areas. Thereby, in the light of the analysis it was aimed to reveal the relationships and the differences between gated and non-gated residents, addressing their demographic characteristics, preferences, perceptions and evaluations for the certain physical and social aspects. Due to the results of the research study, the demographic characteristics of the residents in Zirvekent Settlement and Birlik Mahallesi showed differences especially regarding their ages, their education and income levels. The findings also revealed that Zirvekent residents were feeling much more secure in their houses when compared to Birlik residents. Furthermore, the residents of Zirvekent were mostly satisfied with their physical and social environments, and accordingly they associated their present houses to their ideal ones and they desire to continue to live in them more than non-gated residents in Birlik Mahallesi.

Since the fall of communism, some crucial political, economic and social changes have been taking place in the former communist societies. The objective of the thesis is to examine the processes of residential differentiation taking place in the urban landscape of the Polish city of Gdańsk after the introduction of the capitalist system. The focus is on different forms of residential differentiation and the social, economic and historical factors behind these forms. The empirical material that forms the basis of the thesis consists of interviews, newspaper articles, a questionnaire, official (national and local) reports and documents. Study I examines the way in which different social, economic, historical and physical conditions coincide in the formation of space and the processes of decline in the period of transformation in Poland. The focus lies on a specific residential area in the center of Gdańsk and the lack of improvements in this particular area, which would stop its successive decline. Study II explains the emergence of gated communities in the post-communist urban context and discusses the reasons for their increasing numbers and popularity. The main argument is that the popularity of gated communities is tightly intertwined with the communist past, emerging in reaction to the housing conditions that prevailed under communism. Study III investigates how social class markers are constructed in the discourse on gated communities in post-socialist Poland. The “new” capitalistic system, with its inherent social divisions, is described in the discourse as creating demands for “new” forms of housing, where gates function as separators, protectors and class identifiers. Study IV concentrates on the support for the formation of gated communities in the legal and regulatory framework in Poland since 1989. The paper asserts that the outcome of liberal politics and legal regulation in the country is the neglect of spatial planning and imprecise urban policies. / <p>At the time of the doctoral defense, the following paper was unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 4: Submitted.</p>

Dhahran, Saudi Arabia is home to the largest transnational oil corporation and gated suburban residential compound in the world. In exploring Saudi ARAMCO, I will undoubtedly be opening to the centerfold of all socio-cultural, religious, political, economic and pedagogical forces affecting today's geo-political affairs. The theoretical focus of my thesis comes from both a global and critical pedagogy framework that investigates the nature of asymmetrical power relations on micro, meso and macro levels. Additionally, the multiple perspectives I have gained while living in Dhahran and mediating between identities including girl, woman, South-Asian, Canadian, expatriate, student and artist have provided me with particular insights of a hermeneutical, epistemological, narrative, qualitative, phenomenological and visual nature. This has enabled me to perform rich multi-methodological research and informed written analysis. In this way, my thesis hopes to contribute to the examination of this largely un-explored phenomenon.

Thesis (MS en S)--Stellenbosch University, 2002. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Gated communities are a rapidly growing global residential occurrence and the long-term impact of this phenomenon on the urban landscape is of great importance to planners, local and provincial governments, urban decisionmakers, and legislation policies. The assignment is a comprehensive literature study, because in South Africa only the CSIR (BOUTEK) recently attempted to explain this fairly new development type. Internationally extensive studies have been conducted in the USA and Europe, although only in the last decade. In the study the term "gated community" is conceptualised, the general characteristics of gated communities, the pros and cons of the enclosed communities are discussed. The discussion focuses on the postmodern theory movement and how it relates to gated communities, with examples from the USA, especially Los Angeles. Additionally, the history of gated communities is discussed from Greek times to modern times and an overview is given of the international debate on gated communities. The debate emphasises important issues such as safety and security, exclusion, privacy, urban fragmentation and other issues. The last chapter looks at the current situation of gated communities in South Africa and the effect that apartheid had on the urban structure. Gated communities in South Africa are unique compared to other countries and a summary is given on the positive and negative features of gated communities in South Africa. The fear of crime is growing in South Africa, and the number of gated communities or enclosed neighbourhoods are growing daily, and calls for in-depth studies of this phenomenon in South Africa. Although there seems to be an increasing trend in larger cities to enclose areas, requests for neighbourhood enclosures have also been received by smaller cities and towns. Most of the metropolitan areas tend to have policies in place, or are in the process of compiling policies to regulate road closures and gated communities. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Geslote gemeenskappe is 'n vinnig groeiende globale residensiële gebeurtenis en die langtermyn impak wat hierdie fenomeen het op stedelike landskap is baie belangrik vir beplanners, plaaslike en provinsiale regerings, stedelike besluitnemers, en wetgewende beleide. Die werkstuk is 'n omslagtige literatuurstudie, omdat in Suid-Afrika het die WNNR (BOUTEK) onlangs probeer om die taamlik nuwe ontwikkelingstipe te verklaar. Internasionale uitgebreide studies is al gedoen deur die VSA en Europa, alhoewel net in die laaste dekade. In hierdie studie word die term "geslote gemeenskappe" gekonseptualiseer, die algemene kenmerke van geslote gemeenskappe, die positiewe en negatiewe eienskappe van geslote gemeenskappe bepreek. Die bespreking fokus op die postmoderne teorie beweging en hoe dit verwant is aan geslote gemeensakppe, met voorbeelde van die VSA, veral Los Angeles. Gevolglik word daar gekyk na die geskiedenis van geslote gemeenskappe vanaf die Griekse tye tot die moderne tye en 'n oorsig word gegee van die internasionale debat op geslote gemeenskappe. Die debat beklemtoon belangrike kwessies soos veiligheid en sekuriteit, uitsluiting, privaatheid, stedelike opbreking en baie meer. Die laaste hoofstuk kyk na die huidige toestand van geslote gemeenskappe in Suid-Afrika en die effek wat apartheid gehad het op die stedelike struktuur. Geslote gemeenskappe in Suid-Afrika is uniek in vergelyking met ander lande en 'n opsomming word gegee op die positiewe en negatiewe eienskappe van geslote gemeenskappe in Suid-Afrika. Die angs vir geweld groei in Suid-Afrika en die hoeveelheid geslote gemeendskappe groei ook daagliks, en dus styg die noodsaaklikheid vir in-diepte studies van hierdie verskynsel in Suid-Afrika. Alhoewel dit wil voorkom dat daar 'n stygende tendens in groter stede is om areas te omsluit, is die aanvrae vir geslote gemeenskappe ook gekry van kleiner stede en dorpe. Meeste van die metropolitaanse areas neig om beleide in plek te hê, of is in die proses om beleide te struktureer vir die beheer van padsluitings en geslote gemeenskappe.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-10-09Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:15:30Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 vieira_w_me_rcla.pdf: 1214893 bytes, checksum: 4bb02e58d2ae7e108486e2ac9f52be9e (MD5) / Na sociedade de consumo o cidadão-consumidor está condicionado a interagir com relações virtuais, consumir mercadorias signos e simulacros. Nesta referida sociedade tudo pode ser transformado em mercadoria e o espaço não é exceção. O espaço passa a ser produzido a fim de satisfazer as necessidades símbolos criadas com o propósito de oferecer status, privacidade, segurança associado a um ambiente mais próximo da natureza. Encontramos nos condôminos residenciais, horizontais e verticais, de direito ou de fato, um produto elaborado que se propõe a satisfazer tais necessidades , existentes nas diferentes categorias sócioeconômicas. Os condomínios residenciais não possuem, em si, a capacidade de suprir tais necessidades e acabam sendo o mecanismo utilizado pelas empresas imobiliárias para a valorização especulativa do espaço urbano. Este processo acaba culminando na produção de segregação sócio-espacial, devido ao estímulo a auto – segregação, além de ser um instrumento, utilizado pelo Estado, à produção de segregação imposta no Município de Rio Claro(SP). O trabalho, como objetivo geral, identificou os condomínios no tempo e no espaço bem como sua tipologia .Como objetivo específico , encontrou através de pesquisa realizada em cinco condomínios de diferentes categorias sociais, que a busca por segurança é, inicialmente, a maior motivação para as pessoas que buscam morar em condomínio nesses lugares. / In the society of consumption the citizen consumer is conditioned to interact with virtual relations, goods, signs and simulacrums. In that society everything can be transformed in goods and the space is not an exception. The space will be produced to meet the needs symbols created with the aim of offering status, privacy, security associated with a more close to nature. We find in residential condominiums, horizontal and vertical, in law or in fact, a developed product that proposes to meet those needs that exist in the various socioeconomics categories. The residential condominiums have not, in itself, the ability to meet such needs and end up being the mechanism used by real estate companies for the speculative valorization of urban space. This process eventually culminate in production of spatial partner segregation, due to stimulate the self – segregation, besides being an instrument, used by the State, to the production of imposed segregation in the city of Rio Claro (SP). The work, as general purpose, identified the condominiums in time and space and their typology. As a specific objective, was found through research done in five different social categories condominiums’, that the quest for security is, initially, the biggest motivation for people seeking live in condominium.

Submitted by BRUNO FABRI MANCINI null (bfmancini@hotmail.com) on 2016-11-04T16:12:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Versão Corrigida.pdf: 12598557 bytes, checksum: b5f63a776b8f6613b6a92662ba4f7b65 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Felipe Augusto Arakaki (arakaki@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-11-10T13:43:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 mancini_bf_me_bauru.pdf: 12598557 bytes, checksum: b5f63a776b8f6613b6a92662ba4f7b65 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-10T13:43:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 mancini_bf_me_bauru.pdf: 12598557 bytes, checksum: b5f63a776b8f6613b6a92662ba4f7b65 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-06 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / As cidades brasileiras são marcadas por processos de urbanização excludentes e seletivos, em que os contrastes e desigualdades sociais estão presentes de forma marcante na estrutura do espaço urbano e na configuração de sua paisagem. Na região metropolitana de São Paulo, a partir da década de 1970, surge um modelo de empreendimento residencial que se caracteriza pelo isolamento de edifícios em grandes lotes murados e protegidos, servidos de espaços de lazer e serviços habitualmente encontrados na cidade aberta. Com a complexificação recente da questão urbana, em que ricos e pobres muitas vezes ocupam os mesmos espaços, este modelo de empreendimento ganhou espaço e se difundiu a partir de discursos fundamentados na experiência do medo da violência urbana, explicitando os processos históricos de segregação social. Outra dimensão da conformação dos espaços residenciais fechados é a que diz respeito às questões simbólicas expressas através da arquitetura destes empreendimentos, tanto em sua estruturação espacial como em suas opções estilísticas. Neste sentido, o que se pretende é uma análise do fenômeno de difusão do modelo de condomínio fechado tipo clube a partir destas duas óticas complementares, às quais podemos definir a partir dos conceitos de segregação e distinção. / The Brazilian cities are marked by excluding and selective urbanization processes in which the contrasts and inequalities are deeply present in the urban space structure and in its landscape configuration. In São Paulo metropolitan area, since the 1970’s, a model of real estate development appears, characterized by isolated buildings within a large, walled and protect area served by recreational spaces and services usually found in the open city. The recent increase in urban scenario, in which rich and poor people many times occupy the same spaces, this type of real estate development has gained space and spread from fear experiences and urban violence speeches, showing the historical social segregation processes. Another dimension of closed residential areas is that of symbolic matters expressed by the architecture of these developments, either on its spatial structure or on its stylistic choices. In this sense, we pretend to analyze the phenomenon of diffusion of this model of real estate development – the gated communities – from two different but complementary points of view we can define from the concept of segregation and distinction.

Abrir mão do conceito de centralidade, da proximidade aos centros comerciais, de serviços e culturais para morar em locais mais distantes provoca maiores deslocamentos para o trabalho, estudo e demais atividades rotineiras. Porém, percebe-se que a ocorrência de bairros residenciais nos arredores das metrópoles é um fenômeno mundial, como as gated communities nos Estados Unidos da América e os LOTEAMENTOS RESIDENCIAIS FECHADOS no Brasil, que podem oferecer condições de moradias mais espaçosas, dotadas de áreas livres e jardins, condições de segurança e privacidade, com menor preço da terra, demandadas sobretudo pelas camadas de renda mais altas da população. Esta rotina de deslocamentos pelo público que mora em um município e trabalha e/ou estuda em outro provoca o que se denomina de MOVIMENTO PENDULAR. A incidência do fluxo de MOVIMENTOS PENDULARES na população de alta renda foi atestada a partir de tabulações realizadas pelo autor utilizando o Microdados da Amostra dos Censos Demográficos (MICRODADOS), elaborado pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). O objetivo da dissertação é a elaboração e hierarquização de ATRIBUTOS que mais influenciam na motivação deste público, em abrir mão do conceito de centralidade e ir residir nestes empreendimentos. Os atributos foram hierarquizados de acordo com o método Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) por especialistas que atuam neste segmento de mercado imobiliário nos municípios de Barueri, Santana de Parnaíba, Cotia e Arujá. Os ATRIBUTOS hierarquizados consideram que a LOCALIZAÇÃO e as CARACTERÍSTICAS DO LOTEAMENTO RESIDENCIAL FECHADO, bem como as necessidades e preferências do público alvo, que estão associadas conforme o estágio nos CICLOS de VIDA FAMILIAR e PROFISSIONAL, podem condicionar estratégias competitivas quanto à seleção de terrenos para desenvolvimento de empreendimentos dessa tipologia. / Giving up the idea of centrality, that is, living near commercial, service and cultural centers to go live in distant places results in longer journeys to work, study and other routine activities. However, it can be noticed that residential neighborhoods in the outskirts of the big cities is a worldwide phenomenon, like the gated communities in the United States and the LOTEAMENTOS RESIDENCIAIS FECHADOS in Brazil, with their spacious houses, free areas and gardens, security and privacy, at a lower cost for the plots which are sought mainly by the higher income population. Such routine of coming and going by the people living in a given municipality and working and / or studying in another brings about the so-called Pendulum Movement. The incidence of the Pendulum Movement flow among the high-income population was attested by tabulations carried out by the author using Microdata from the Demografic Census Sample (MICRODADOS) prepared by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). The thesis objective is the development and ranking of ATTRIBUTES that most influence the motivation of the public in abdicating the concept of centrality and going live in these residential. The ATTRIBUTES were ranked according to the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) by specialists working in this segment of the real state market in the municipalities of Barueri, Santana de Parnaíba, Cotia and Arujá. The above ranked ATTRIBUTES consider that LOCATION and CHARACTERISTICS OF LOTEAMENTO RESIDENCIAL FECHADO, as well as the needs and the preferences of the target public associated according to their stage in the FAMILY and PROFESSIONAL LIFE CYCLES might determine the competitive strategies regarding the site selection to develop ventures of this typology.

Orientador: Jose Marcos Pinto da Cunha / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T01:25:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Miglioranza_Eliana_M.pdf: 1638111 bytes, checksum: f0ddd998521b6127b4126c845618092a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: Este trabalho procura mostrar a importância da migração para o crescimento do município de Valinhos - SP e como a migração seletiva, a partir da década de 90, foi responsável pelo aumento da população pendular. Para isso, investiga moradores de condomínios e loteamentos fechados de Valinhos que trabalham em outro município objetivando relacionar a população de alta renda com o aumento da pendularidade do município, e desta forma verificar se os moradores desses condomínios estão contribuindo para a produção de uma nova categoria de cidade-dormitório. O trabalho de campo foi desenvolvido em condomínios fechados, com famílias em que uma ou mais pessoas da família realizavam deslocamento pendular, procurando apreender os motivos que levaram a escolha do município para moradia, e o vínculo mantido com a cidade. Além desse trabalho de campo, foram utilizados dados do Censo Demográfico 2000 da área urbana de Valinhos, realizando-se uma comparação entre as cinco áreas de ponderação (AP ), considerando o perfil sociodemográfico dos migrantes , dos naturais do município (população nascida no município) e dos moradores que realizam movimentos pendulares / Abstract: This work demonstrates the importance of migration for the growth of Valinhos city, inland of São Paulo State, and how the selective migration, which started in the 1990s, has been responsible for the increase of commuters. To conduct this analysis, the inhabitants of gated community of Valinhos, who works in other towns have been interviewed. The objective of this work is to relate the high-income population with the increase of commuting as well as to verify if these inhabitants of gated communities are contributing to the establishment of a new category of dormitory town. The fieldwork was done within gated communities with families in which at least one family member was regularly commuting. The aim was to understand the reasons underlying the choice of these families for living in Valinhos and other relationships they keep with such city. Beyond the fieldwork, data from the Demographic Census held in the urban area of Valinhos in 2000 was used to compare with five ¿weighting areas (WA ). This comparison considers the migrants' social demographic profile, the natural inhabitants of the city (those who were born in the city) and the commuting population / Mestrado / Demografia / Mestre em Demografia