With the rise of feminism, the number of working women has increased significantly. Relatively, the proportion of women who act as supervisors has been increasing continuously and obviously. In many well-known international enterprises, many high-ranking female leaders have emerged, displaying their unique characteristics of management and leadership, leading companies to increasingly thriving. The study mainly explored the leadership styles of female leaders and gender role related matters. The study objects were high-ranking female leaders. By the means of field interview, female leaders in various industries were interviewed. The data collected and contents of interviews were cross compared with the self-assessment of the interviewees. This study explored through three aspects as below: 1. Leadership styles of female leaders 2. Impact of gender role 3. The gender role impact of female leaders on the leadership style Based on the individual leadership characteristics and gender identity, main leadership styles and commonality were summarized. Critical successful factors were explored through the characteristics, style and experience of successful female leaders. This study adopted the methods of qualitative research, case study and semi-structured intensive interview. The findings of this study are listed as below: 1. The leadership style of high-ranking female leaders: Democratic leadership is the main style, supplemented by autocratic leadership to guide the subordinates to negotiate, reach a consensus and achieve goals. 2. Work-centered leadership style: Most female leaders adopt work-centered style which can easily achieve the goal of work. 3. Mainstream of transformational leadership: The study found out that all female leaders adopted transformational leadership uniformly. The main reason is that it is more suitable for working environment and it is effective in developing team consensus. 4. Glass ceiling effect: Owing to the change of gender stereotype, professional capabilities and work performances were the main basis for promotion. Gender isn¡¦t the main factor to be considered any longer.

The main subject of the dissertation are women - users of addictive substances. The dissertation charts previous studies that are dealing with this specific group, defines specifics of using illegal addictive substances by women, deals with gender issues and presents "drug programs" for women in Czech Republic or Prague. There are four categories in the dissertation: women as users, pregnant users, mothers as users. The major purpose of the dissertation is to find out, which needs belong to female users of addictive substances, how offered services corespond to these needs and what is missing within care system. As a result the dissertation suggests appropriate services for female users so that their needs would be satisfied, which services should we offer so that female users would be more in contact with care facility, how should we eliminate unwanted pregnancy or how could we help female users to have children in their own care. Material for the study were gathered through field work by semistructured interview with female users of illegal addictive substances in Prague - clients of drug services. Another information was acquired through an interview with three employees of drug services interested in the same issue.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:38:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Apparecida Gomes.pdf: 4004130 bytes, checksum: 350751a8a7fd8557e6564e377a75b3a5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-11-05 / The research was done in an ONG located in a city in central-western of Sao Paulo State. It's goal was to realize how the female identity was built in it's original family and how they live their woman function in their present family. The specific goals were: to think about principIes in the construction of the female identity, how women notice themselves. The interest by this text came because of mothers'complaint about their lives. They must work to survive and after that they need to do a lot of housework at home. Four mothers with children between 5 and 10 years old participated in this research. They were alphabetized and hired. They were from 22 and 42 years old. The method used was based in the qualitative research. Under the focus of social constructionism those assumptions were derived from conversational exchan,ges in which meanings are socially constructed and language is understood in its active character is considered a social practice, constituent of the reality. To achieve the objective instruments were used such as: History Life, Reflection Group, Focal Group. It is showed as results work overload, insufficient wages to keep family and answer the unexpected even:ts of life. They work in their jobs for 46 hours per week and then for doing housework they spend, on average, 20 hours per week. These data are in accordance with Brazilian demographic surveys. It was also showed by the survey the lack of dialogue with their original family about sex education. They know that they are doing the same with their children / A pesquisa foi realizada em uma ONG localizada em uma cidade no centro-oeste do Estado de São Paulo. Teve como objetivo compreender como foi construída a identidade feminina na família de origem por um grupo de mulheres e como elas vivenciam seu papel de mulher na família atual. Os objetivos específicos foram: refletir sobre os valores envolvidos na construção da identidade feminina; como as mulheres percebem a si mesmas. O interesse pelo tema surgiu a partir das queixas de cansaço e de tensão enunciados por mães que iam buscar seus filhos na ONG, ap6s o trabalho no espaço publico. Além das horas dedicadas ao trabalho remunerado iam, em seguida, para suas casas executar os afazeres domésticos. Participaram da pesquisa quatro mães com filhos entre 5 a 10 anos de idade, alfabetizadas, assalariadas. A idade delas ficou num intervalo entre 22 a 42 anos. O método utilizado baseou-se na pesquisa qualitativa. A base epistemológica foi o construcionismo social com seus pressupostos derivados das trocas conversacionais em que os significados são construídos socialmente e a linguagem e entendida em seu carácter ativo sendo considerada uma pratica social, constituinte da realidade. Para atingir o objetivo foram usados instrumentos: entrevistas individuais e grupais. Com estes instrumentos foram construídas as atividades grupais: História de Vida, Grupo Reflexivo e Grupo Focal. Apontam-se como resultados do cansaço a sobrecarga de trabalho, os salários insuficientes para manterem a família e atenderem os acontecimentos inesperados da vida. Trabalham em seus empregos durante 46 horas semanais, em media. Para os afazeres domésticos empregam 20 horas semanais, em media. Tais dados estão em conformidade com os levantamentos demográficos brasileiros. Constatou-se que seus parceiros dedicam momentos aleatórios para os afazeres domésticos. Elas aprenderam, em suas famílias de origem, as habilidades de donas de casa e o valor que se deve dar ao trabalho remunerado. Outro resultado apontado pela pesquisa consiste na falta de dialogo com sua família de origem sobre as questões de educação da sexualidade. Reconhecem que estão reproduzindo com os filhos e filhas semelhante educação

Orientador: Prof. Dr. Artur Zimerman / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Políticas Públicas, 2016. / A violência sexual é uma agressão recorrente tanto em tempos de paz quanto em situações de conflitos, sendo que neste último o ataque adquire caráter mais complexo, até pela natureza própria de um conflito. A Segunda Guerra Mundial foi um marco na preocupação do sistema internacional para garantir condições mínimas de direitos humanos, entre os quais se destaca o problema da violência sexual. Este estudo pretende traçar os avanços no combate à violência sexual em situação de conflito armado partindo dos acontecimentos da Segunda Guerra Mundial. Relacionamos a violência deste tipo nos conflitos com as modificações nos instrumentos jurídicos de proteção, visto que, após os conflitos da década de 90 em que a violência sexual foi utilizada como arma de guerra, a comunidade internacional passou a direcionar maior atenção a essa forma de agressão. Partimos da suposição de que políticas públicas nacionais e internacionais no combate à violência sexual durante períodos de paz reduzem as agressões e são princípios modificadores da cultura de estupro. Portanto, busca-se examinar os avanços dos direitos humanos na questão de violência sexual, como os acordos e tratados criados para assegurar maior proteção de mulheres e crianças em situações de conflito, as políticas de violência sexual e o posicionamento da comunidade internacional diante de situações de conflitos armados. / The violence sexual is a frequent aggression in peacetime and under conflicts in which the events become much more complex due to the intrinsic features of a conflict. The Second World War was a milestone in the international system concerns about basic conditions for the human rights among them sexual violence issues. This study aims to trace advances in the combat of sexual violence in situations of armed conflict starting from the Second World War. We relate this kind of violence with changes and creations of legal instruments for protection mainly because the international community has been paid more attention for this matter since the 90¿s decade when sexual violence was employed as war weapons. We assume that national and international public policies against sexual violence during peacetime reduce aggressions and constitute principles for changes in the rape culture. Therefore, one seeks to examine the advances of human rights in the sexual violence issues, with agreements and treaties that assure protection of women and children under conflicts, policies against sexual violence and the international community positions about situations of armed conflict.