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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Caracteriza??o de resist?ncia a antimicrobianos de isolados cl?nicos de Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-baumannii

Rodrigues, Belisa Avila 29 July 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2017-05-30T17:13:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_BELISA_AVILA_RODRIGUES_PARCIAL.pdf: 420085 bytes, checksum: 77f9b7ddcd1250899386df6d319c1934 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-30T17:13:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_BELISA_AVILA_RODRIGUES_PARCIAL.pdf: 420085 bytes, checksum: 77f9b7ddcd1250899386df6d319c1934 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-29 / Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-baumannii (ACB) are opportunistic pathogens responsible for respiratory tract infections, wound infections, and bacteremia in intensive care units patients. These microorganisms became a problem in health care units due to their ability to acquire and accumulate resistance determinants. They are resistant to important antibiotics commonly used to treat infections caused by them. Thus, this study aimed to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility and detect resistance determinants in clinical ACB isolates. For this, 200 clinical ACB isolates, resistant to carbapenems, were collected from a hospital in Porto Alegre, Brazil. To determine susceptibility to antimicrobial agents, 16 antimicrobials were used in the disk diffusion technique and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for polymyxin B and meropenem was performed by broth microdilution. Additionally, MIC for polymyxin B in 17 isolates was determined using different methods in comparison with broth microdilution, adopted as reference method. The presence of blaOXA-23, blaOXA-51, blaIMP and blaNDM, as well as class 1 and 2 integrons, were detected by PCR. A total of 82.5% were extremely resistant (XDR) and 17.5% were multidrug resistant (MDR). Forty-six non-susceptibility patterns were found among the isolates, with polymyxins, tetracyclines, and aminoglycosides being the classes with higher rate of susceptibility. When different methods to determining MIC for polymyxin B were evaluated, very major errors and major errors were found in E-test and major errors in agar dilution, as compared with the reference method. The broth microdilution with polysorbate 80 showed a reduction of two or more dilutions in most isolates (82.3%). The blaOXA-23 and blaOXA-51 genes were found in 100% of the isolates, while 49% harbored blaIMP. The blaNDM gene was not found in any isolate. Class 1 and class 2 integrons were found in 68% and 88% of the isolates, respectively. The high percentage of XDR isolates, as well as the detection of important resistance determinants and the high rate of integrons found, reinforce the concern regarding ACB microorganisms and their spread in health care units. / Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-baumannii (ACB) s?o pat?genos oportunistas respons?veis por infec??es do trato respirat?rio, infec??es de feridas e bacteremia em pacientes internados em unidades de terapia intensiva. Esses microrganismos tornaram-se um problema nas unidades de assist?ncia ? sa?de devido ? sua capacidade de adquirir e acumular determinantes de resist?ncia a antimicrobianos, sendo respons?veis por altas taxas de resist?ncia aos principais antimicrobianos utilizados terapeuticamente. Desta forma, esse estudo teve por objetivo determinar a suscetibilidade a antimicrobianos, assim como detectar determinantes de resist?ncia em isolados cl?nicos de ACB. Para isso, foram utilizados 200 isolados cl?nicos, resistentes aos carbapen?micos, pertencentes ao complexo ACB, coletados de um hospital em Porto Alegre, Brasil, no per?odo de janeiro de 2012 a maio de 2015. Para determinar a suscetibilidade a antimicrobianos, 16 f?rmacos foram utilizados na t?cnica de disco-difus?o, assim como foi determinada a concentra??o inibit?ria m?nima (CIM) para polimixina B e meropenem por meio da t?cnica de microdilui??o em caldo. Adicionalmente, a CIM para polimixina B foi determinada em 17 isolados, empregando diferentes m?todos em compara??o com a microdilui??o em caldo, adotada como refer?ncia. Os genes blaOXA-23, blaOXA-51, blaIMP e blaNDM, bem como os integrons de classe 1 e 2 foram detectados por PCR. Um total de 82,5% dos isolados foram extremely resistant (XDR) e 17,5% foram multidrug resistant (MDR). Quarenta e seis padr?es de n?o-suscetibilidade foram encontrados entre os isolados, sendo que polimixinas, tetraciclinas e aminoglicos?deos foram as classes com maior taxa de suscetibilidade. Na determina??o de CIM para polimixina B com diferentes m?todos, very major errors e major errors foram encontrados em E-test, e major errors em dilui??o em ?gar, quando comparados com o m?todo de refer?ncia. A microdilui??o em caldo suplementado com polissorbato 80 mostrou redu??o de duas ou mais dilui??es na maioria dos isolados (82,3%). Os genes blaOXA-23 e blaOXA-51 foram encontrados em 100% dos isolados, enquanto 49% apresentaram blaIMP. O gene blaNDM n?o foi encontrado nos isolados analisados. Integrons de classe 1 foram encontrados em 68% dos isolados e integrons de classe 2 em 88%. O elevado percentual de isolados XDR, assim como a detec??o de importantes determinantes de resist?ncia e a alta taxa de integrons encontrada, refor?am a preocupa??o com microrganismos do complexo ACB e sua dissemina??o nas unidades de assist?ncia ? sa?de.

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