O tema da pesquisa é a política pública de crédito rural para a agricultura familiar. O estudo consistiu em uma análise do processo de empresarização, descrito por Abraham (2006) e Solé (2000; 2008), estendido às pequenas unidades produtivas agrícolas desde a instituição do Programa Nacional de Fortalecimento da Agricultura Familiar (PRONAF). A Teoria da Empresarização foi a referência adotada para que se pudesse colocar em evidência a empresa, destacando traços e relações sociais que lhe são peculiares: autonomização da esfera econômica, mito fundador da escassez, racionalidade moderna, propriedade privada, mito do progresso e as relações de assalariamento, dominação, concorrenciais, funcionais e impessoais. O estudo foi realizado em dois municípios gaúchos, Maquiné e Nova Santa Rita, reconhecidos pela produção de gêneros de olericultura, popularmente conhecidos como legumes e verduras. O principal procedimento de coleta do material empírico ocorreu por meio da realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas, mas também foram empregados outros procedimentos, como a observação, a confecção de um caderno de campo, a consulta a documentos e o levantamento de dados secundários sobre os municípios. Os resultados da pesquisa apontam que a política é permeada pelos traços da modernidade relacionados ao fenômeno de empresarização, influenciando as relações estabelecidas pelos agricultores com as pessoas, com o tempo, o espaço, o trabalho, etc. Nesse sentido, as relações de exploração – que no campo não se manifestaram sob um caráter explícito e formal de assalariamento – o individualismo, o produtivismo, a eficiência puderam ser associados e estas relações que se estabelecem e se intensificam a partir da utilização do crédito. Verificou-se que a política de financiamentos favorece indiretamente as empresas do varejo alimentar e que as condições de acesso dos agricultores aos mercados são determinadas pela estruturação e pelo poder de mercado exercido pelo varejo. Por fim, observou-se que os agricultores com experiência de ação política conseguiram, em algumas situações, através de sua organização fazer frente a alguns aspectos da empresarização difundidos pela política pública. / The research theme is the rural credit public policy for family farming. The study cosisted in an analysis of the enterprisation processs as described by Abraham (2006) and Solé (2000; 2008), which has been extended to small agricultural production units since the establishment of the Programa Nacional de Fortalecimento da Agricultura Familiar (PRONAF) [National Program to Strengthen Family Agriculture]. Entreprisation theory was the reference adopted to put the evidence on the entreprise, highlighting its peculiar traits and social relations: the autonomy of the economic sphere, the founding myth of scarcity, modern rationality, private property, the myth of progress and the remuneration, domination, competitive, functional and impersonal relations. The study was conducted in Maquiné and Nova Santa Rita, two cities in the gaucho state that are recognized for producing horticulture genera, popularly known as vegetables. The main procedure to collect empirical material was by conducting semi-structured interviews, but other procedures were also employed such as observation, making a field notebook, documents consultation and the collection of secondary data on the municipalities. The research results indicate that the policy is permeated by traces of modernity related to the enterprisation phenomenon, that is influencing the relationships established by farmers with people, with time, space, work, etc. In this sense, the relations of exploitation – that were not expressed in the field as an explicit and formal character of remuneration – individualism, high productivity, efficiency could be associated and these relations are developed and intensified from the use of credit. It was found that the funding policy indirectly favors the retail food business and that the conditions of farmers' access to markets are determined by the structure and the market power exercised by retailers. Finally, it was observed that farmers with experience of political action in some situations and through their organization succeeded in dealing with some aspects of enterprisation disseminated by public policy.

O tema da pesquisa é a política pública de crédito rural para a agricultura familiar. O estudo consistiu em uma análise do processo de empresarização, descrito por Abraham (2006) e Solé (2000; 2008), estendido às pequenas unidades produtivas agrícolas desde a instituição do Programa Nacional de Fortalecimento da Agricultura Familiar (PRONAF). A Teoria da Empresarização foi a referência adotada para que se pudesse colocar em evidência a empresa, destacando traços e relações sociais que lhe são peculiares: autonomização da esfera econômica, mito fundador da escassez, racionalidade moderna, propriedade privada, mito do progresso e as relações de assalariamento, dominação, concorrenciais, funcionais e impessoais. O estudo foi realizado em dois municípios gaúchos, Maquiné e Nova Santa Rita, reconhecidos pela produção de gêneros de olericultura, popularmente conhecidos como legumes e verduras. O principal procedimento de coleta do material empírico ocorreu por meio da realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas, mas também foram empregados outros procedimentos, como a observação, a confecção de um caderno de campo, a consulta a documentos e o levantamento de dados secundários sobre os municípios. Os resultados da pesquisa apontam que a política é permeada pelos traços da modernidade relacionados ao fenômeno de empresarização, influenciando as relações estabelecidas pelos agricultores com as pessoas, com o tempo, o espaço, o trabalho, etc. Nesse sentido, as relações de exploração – que no campo não se manifestaram sob um caráter explícito e formal de assalariamento – o individualismo, o produtivismo, a eficiência puderam ser associados e estas relações que se estabelecem e se intensificam a partir da utilização do crédito. Verificou-se que a política de financiamentos favorece indiretamente as empresas do varejo alimentar e que as condições de acesso dos agricultores aos mercados são determinadas pela estruturação e pelo poder de mercado exercido pelo varejo. Por fim, observou-se que os agricultores com experiência de ação política conseguiram, em algumas situações, através de sua organização fazer frente a alguns aspectos da empresarização difundidos pela política pública. / The research theme is the rural credit public policy for family farming. The study cosisted in an analysis of the enterprisation processs as described by Abraham (2006) and Solé (2000; 2008), which has been extended to small agricultural production units since the establishment of the Programa Nacional de Fortalecimento da Agricultura Familiar (PRONAF) [National Program to Strengthen Family Agriculture]. Entreprisation theory was the reference adopted to put the evidence on the entreprise, highlighting its peculiar traits and social relations: the autonomy of the economic sphere, the founding myth of scarcity, modern rationality, private property, the myth of progress and the remuneration, domination, competitive, functional and impersonal relations. The study was conducted in Maquiné and Nova Santa Rita, two cities in the gaucho state that are recognized for producing horticulture genera, popularly known as vegetables. The main procedure to collect empirical material was by conducting semi-structured interviews, but other procedures were also employed such as observation, making a field notebook, documents consultation and the collection of secondary data on the municipalities. The research results indicate that the policy is permeated by traces of modernity related to the enterprisation phenomenon, that is influencing the relationships established by farmers with people, with time, space, work, etc. In this sense, the relations of exploitation – that were not expressed in the field as an explicit and formal character of remuneration – individualism, high productivity, efficiency could be associated and these relations are developed and intensified from the use of credit. It was found that the funding policy indirectly favors the retail food business and that the conditions of farmers' access to markets are determined by the structure and the market power exercised by retailers. Finally, it was observed that farmers with experience of political action in some situations and through their organization succeeded in dealing with some aspects of enterprisation disseminated by public policy.

O tema da pesquisa é a política pública de crédito rural para a agricultura familiar. O estudo consistiu em uma análise do processo de empresarização, descrito por Abraham (2006) e Solé (2000; 2008), estendido às pequenas unidades produtivas agrícolas desde a instituição do Programa Nacional de Fortalecimento da Agricultura Familiar (PRONAF). A Teoria da Empresarização foi a referência adotada para que se pudesse colocar em evidência a empresa, destacando traços e relações sociais que lhe são peculiares: autonomização da esfera econômica, mito fundador da escassez, racionalidade moderna, propriedade privada, mito do progresso e as relações de assalariamento, dominação, concorrenciais, funcionais e impessoais. O estudo foi realizado em dois municípios gaúchos, Maquiné e Nova Santa Rita, reconhecidos pela produção de gêneros de olericultura, popularmente conhecidos como legumes e verduras. O principal procedimento de coleta do material empírico ocorreu por meio da realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas, mas também foram empregados outros procedimentos, como a observação, a confecção de um caderno de campo, a consulta a documentos e o levantamento de dados secundários sobre os municípios. Os resultados da pesquisa apontam que a política é permeada pelos traços da modernidade relacionados ao fenômeno de empresarização, influenciando as relações estabelecidas pelos agricultores com as pessoas, com o tempo, o espaço, o trabalho, etc. Nesse sentido, as relações de exploração – que no campo não se manifestaram sob um caráter explícito e formal de assalariamento – o individualismo, o produtivismo, a eficiência puderam ser associados e estas relações que se estabelecem e se intensificam a partir da utilização do crédito. Verificou-se que a política de financiamentos favorece indiretamente as empresas do varejo alimentar e que as condições de acesso dos agricultores aos mercados são determinadas pela estruturação e pelo poder de mercado exercido pelo varejo. Por fim, observou-se que os agricultores com experiência de ação política conseguiram, em algumas situações, através de sua organização fazer frente a alguns aspectos da empresarização difundidos pela política pública. / The research theme is the rural credit public policy for family farming. The study cosisted in an analysis of the enterprisation processs as described by Abraham (2006) and Solé (2000; 2008), which has been extended to small agricultural production units since the establishment of the Programa Nacional de Fortalecimento da Agricultura Familiar (PRONAF) [National Program to Strengthen Family Agriculture]. Entreprisation theory was the reference adopted to put the evidence on the entreprise, highlighting its peculiar traits and social relations: the autonomy of the economic sphere, the founding myth of scarcity, modern rationality, private property, the myth of progress and the remuneration, domination, competitive, functional and impersonal relations. The study was conducted in Maquiné and Nova Santa Rita, two cities in the gaucho state that are recognized for producing horticulture genera, popularly known as vegetables. The main procedure to collect empirical material was by conducting semi-structured interviews, but other procedures were also employed such as observation, making a field notebook, documents consultation and the collection of secondary data on the municipalities. The research results indicate that the policy is permeated by traces of modernity related to the enterprisation phenomenon, that is influencing the relationships established by farmers with people, with time, space, work, etc. In this sense, the relations of exploitation – that were not expressed in the field as an explicit and formal character of remuneration – individualism, high productivity, efficiency could be associated and these relations are developed and intensified from the use of credit. It was found that the funding policy indirectly favors the retail food business and that the conditions of farmers' access to markets are determined by the structure and the market power exercised by retailers. Finally, it was observed that farmers with experience of political action in some situations and through their organization succeeded in dealing with some aspects of enterprisation disseminated by public policy.

Ammonoids were collected from the Chainman Formation (Mississippian) of southeastern Nevada and southwestern Utah, the Phosphoria Formation (Permian) of southeastern Idaho and westernmost Wyoming, and the Thaynes Formation (Triassic) of northeastern Nevada and southeastern Idaho. The collections are interpreted to represent unwinnowed, untransported death assemblages of ammonoids which were subject to chemical conditions of the nekto-benthic environment. Associated lithologies were sampled and geochemically analyzed for content of phosphate and organic matter. Ammonoid fossil collections, combined with ammonoids ilustrated in the literature, were subjected to the graphical W and D analysis of Raup (1967). The basic parameteres involved in the description of shell-coiling geometry are whorl expansion rate, W, and the distance of the generating curve from the axis of coiling of the shell, D. Values of W determined range from 1.32 to 3.96, which correspond to slight and rapid increases in whorl height during coiling. Values of D determined range from 0.02 to 0.55, which correspond to extremes of involute and evolute coiling· geometries, respectively. Body chamber length corresponds with shell coiling geometry. Values determined in this study range from 10° to 540°. Corresponding W values are 3.96 and 1.50, whereas corresponding D values are 0.02 and 0.40, respectively. Average body chamber length in analyzed ammonoids is observed to decrease from 297° to 209° from Mississippian to Triassic time. Increase in apertural area accompanied this trend, and a possible consequence was that a greater range of prey sizes was afforded ammonoids with shorter body chambers. Life-orientation, described as the angle between the apertural plane and the gravitational vector, is calculated entirely on shell form and other geometrical considerations. Recent observations concerning Nautilus, combined with fossil evidence of epizoan encrustation suggest that ammonoids had an ability to control orientation, which is not observed from preservable morphology. From Mississippian to Triassic time, no trends in reconstructed life-orientation can be substantiated, based solely on Wand D values. Rotational stability during directed locomotion is important for conservation of the energy budget of this nektonic carnivorous organ­ ism. This property is calculated by the distance between the center of buoyancy and the center of gravity of the ammonoid. Values deter­ mined range from .04 (very unstable) to .16 (very stable). Corres­ ponding W values are 1.50 and 4.00 where corresponding D values are 0.20 and 0.02, respectively. A trend toward increasing average rota­tional stability (.07 to .10) is noted for amrnonoids from Mississippian to Triassic time. Efficiency in the utilization of calcium carbonate is the ratio of internal volume of the shell to volume of shell material. Values determined range from 5.80 to 7.25. Corresponding W values are 4.00 and 1.50, corresponding D values are 0.02 and 0.54, respectively. Abundant ammonoids found in black, phosphatic limestones rich in organic matter have an average efficiency value of 6.2. Abundant ammonoids from corresponding light-colored crystalline carbonates have an average efficiency value of 6.02, and indicate no correlation between effi­ciency and abundance. Size-frequency distributions are utilized in recognition of oppor­tunistic species of ammonoids. High numerical abundance, high mortality rate of juveniles, small size and conservation of calcium carbonate typifies the paleo-opportunistic species Cravenoceras, Psuedogastrio­ceras and Ophiceras. Biovolume-relative abundance distributions are useful in discerning the carrying capacity of the habitat both in number of individuals and species diversity. A large area under the biovolume-relative abun­dance profile indicates diversification under optimum environmental conditions; a small area under the profile indicates colonization of a stressful habitat. The Chainman, Phosphoria and Thaynes (Columbites Zone) Formations have ammonoid assemblages which show small areas under the biovolume-relative abundance profile, characteristic of anoxic environmental stress. The Permian stratigraphic units correlative with the Phosphoria Formation have ammonoid assemblages which show large areas under the profile and the associated lithologies, i.e., light­ gray,crystalline carbonates, suggest environments which could support a diversified ammonoid fauna, including large-sized species. Ontogenetic variation produces changes in the body chamber length, life orientation, rotational stability, and utilization of calcium carbonate of the analyzed genera of ammonoids. These ontogenetic variations usually resulted in the development of more involute shell-coiling geometries. Corresponding size-frequency distributions suggest increased mortality rates during ontogeny for some genera (Paracravenoceras, Medlicottia) which show decreasing efficiency in the utilization of calcium carbonate. (182 pages)

Literacy Practices of Student-Athletes: The Ethics of Repetition, Surveillance and Breakdown examines how a group of male basketball players as a small Division II university in the southeast United States used and were affected by literacy in their academic, athletic and social lives. The driving question that guided data collection was How do the physical learning and material conditions of high level basketball players at Richardson University influence their literacy practices? The impetus for this question was a desire to understand the relationship between the literate activity and moving bodies of these players. In school settings academic training is often conducted in ways that isolate the body from the mind. This ethnography sought to uncover if or how a bifurcation of mind/body occurred amid the training practices of these subjects. To accomplish this task, the study was designed to look at what bodies were doing during "literacy events." "Literacy events," which is borrowed from Barton and Hamilton, functioned as the core unit of analysis of the database. The method for pursuing the primary research question was ethnography. For one academic year I observed, interviewed, took fieldnotes, collected artifacts and supervised photographic literacy logs. Observations were conducted across the campus of Richardson University in three domains of the players' lives - academic, athletic and social domains. Interviews were conducted with individual players and were based off of fieldnotes, observations and the players' photo literacy logs that the players made as a way of documenting samples of their literacy practices. There were four core findings that this study of these student-athletes allows me to state with certainty: (1) these student-athletes' training methods influenced their literacy, (2) these student-athletes have highly sophisticated literacy that reflects their highly sophisticated cognition, and (3) these student-athletes liked their training regimens. The fourth finding can be split into thirds based on the three themes organizing the data of the study - Repetition, Surveillance and Breakdown. And, each of these attests to the highly physical nature of these student-athletes' academic and athletic training; they also indicate the extent to which reading-writing was infused in this training. Repetition was essential to habituating motor-movements as the foundation for being able to move beyond the basic physicality of a literacy event to more critical, higher order engagement. Repetition is not a mindless, rote activity. Repetition is thinking. Surveillance was an effective educational technology for instilling positive literacy habits through a system of control and observation. Breakdown was another educational technology that demonstrated a powerful connection between body and mind, similar to repetition. These three concepts and the conversations that support them illustrate that literacy is not simply a cognitive act; it is not just a way of thinking, but a socially embedded way of acting. / English

Let Q(√(-d)) be an imaginary quadratic field with discriminant Δ. We use the isomorphism between the ideal class groups of the field and the equivalence classes of binary quadratic forms to find the structure of the class group. We determine the structure by combining two of Shanks' algorithms [7, 8]. We utilize this method to find fields with cyclic factors that have order a large power of 2, or fields with class groups of high 5-ranks or high 7-ranks. / Master of Science

We consider the regularization of some equivariant Euler classes of certain infinite-dimensional vector bundles over a finite-dimensional manifold M using the framework of zeta-regularized products [35, 53, 59]. An example of such a regularization is the Atiyah–Witten regularization of the T-equivariant Euler class of the normal bundle v(TM) of M in the free loop space LM [2]. In this thesis, we propose a new regularization procedure — W-regularization — which can be shown to reduce to the Atiyah–Witten regularization when applied to the case of v(TM). This new regularization yields a new multiplicative genus (in the sense of Hirzebruch [26]) — the ^Γ-genus — when applied to the more general case of a complex spin vector bundle of complex rank ≥ 2 over M, as opposed to the case of the complexification of TM for the Atiyah–Witten regularization. Some of its properties are investigated and some tantalizing connections to other areas of mathematics are also discussed. We also consider the application of W-regularization to the regularization of T²- equivariant Euler classes associated to the case of the double free loop space LLM. We find that the theory of zeta-regularized products, as set out by Jorgenson–Lang [35], Quine et al [53] and Voros [59], amongst others, provides a good framework for comparing the regularizations that have been considered so far. In particular, it reveals relations between some of the genera that appeared in elliptic cohomology, allowing us to clarify and prove an assertion of Liu [44] on the ˆΘ-genus, as well as to recover the Witten genus. The ^Γ₂-genus, a new genus generated by a function based on Barnes’ double gamma function [5, 6], is also derived in a similar way to the ^Γ-genus. / Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Adelaide, School of Mathematical Sciences, 2008

We consider the regularization of some equivariant Euler classes of certain infinite-dimensional vector bundles over a finite-dimensional manifold M using the framework of zeta-regularized products [35, 53, 59]. An example of such a regularization is the Atiyah–Witten regularization of the T-equivariant Euler class of the normal bundle v(TM) of M in the free loop space LM [2]. In this thesis, we propose a new regularization procedure — W-regularization — which can be shown to reduce to the Atiyah–Witten regularization when applied to the case of v(TM). This new regularization yields a new multiplicative genus (in the sense of Hirzebruch [26]) — the ^Γ-genus — when applied to the more general case of a complex spin vector bundle of complex rank ≥ 2 over M, as opposed to the case of the complexification of TM for the Atiyah–Witten regularization. Some of its properties are investigated and some tantalizing connections to other areas of mathematics are also discussed. We also consider the application of W-regularization to the regularization of T²- equivariant Euler classes associated to the case of the double free loop space LLM. We find that the theory of zeta-regularized products, as set out by Jorgenson–Lang [35], Quine et al [53] and Voros [59], amongst others, provides a good framework for comparing the regularizations that have been considered so far. In particular, it reveals relations between some of the genera that appeared in elliptic cohomology, allowing us to clarify and prove an assertion of Liu [44] on the ˆΘ-genus, as well as to recover the Witten genus. The ^Γ₂-genus, a new genus generated by a function based on Barnes’ double gamma function [5, 6], is also derived in a similar way to the ^Γ-genus. / Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Adelaide, School of Mathematical Sciences, 2008

The study deals with a description of vegetation of part of catchment area of Oslava river between villages Velke Mezirici and Vanec. The search had been realised during the vegetation seasons of the years 2006 and 2007. There are characterised geological-petrographical, soil, climatic, hydrographic ratios and basic phytogeographical characteristics of this area in the form of a search. Selected genera of the observed plants was characterised and their incidence is figured in the schematic maps of the area. There were found out 327 kinds of plants there. In the annex there are attached schematic maps with places of occurence of the plant genera and photographic documentation.

The general objective of this work is to better understand the mechanisms of diversification of the African flora on the Gulf of Guinea islands. We focused on orchids, one of the three predominant plant families on São Tomé and Príncipe. We selected the genus Tridactyle, wich presents a high level of diversity and of endemism in the archipelago.We first redefined the taxonomical framework, as the genus belongs to a clade in which the taxonomical classification did not correspond to the phylogenetic tree obtained by previous studies. To address these classification problems (paraphyly and polyphyly of nominal genera), we firstly used Sanger sequencing to obtain more molecular markers to better estimate the phylogenetic tree of the Tridactyle-Cyrtorchis clade. We used one nuclear marker, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), and five chloroplastic markers (matK, rps16, trnC-petN intergenic spacer, trnL-trnF intergenic spacer, ycf1). Then, we combined the phylogenetic information to a morphological survey, including as many specimens as possible for the genera concerned. We recircumscribed the previously paraphyletic genus Tridactyle, as well as three other genera within the Tridactyle-Cyrtorchis clade (Rangaeris, Ypsilopus and Podangis), and we described two genera with our collaborators, Aziza and Planetangis. We also described six species new to science, two from East Africa and four from São Tomé and Príncipe. Indeed, the morphological diversity of the Tridactyle in the Gulf of Guinea islands has been misevaluated, such that wrong names have been attributed to species new to science.Once this taxonomic work was achieved, we have focused on two other studies: a biogeographic analysis of Tridactyle, to understand the origin and mechanisms generating its diversity in São Tomé and Príncipe, and a phylogeographic study to analyse the genetic variation and geographical distribution of Tridactyle tridactylites, distributed on the archipelago as well as on the continent. These studies were based on DNA sequence variation of the chloroplast genome and ribosomal DNA genes and the data were generated through Illumina Next Generation Sequencing (NGS), which allowed us to include herbarium specimens for which the classic Sanger method did not give satisfactory results.Our study showed that all Tridactyle species currently found on São Tomé and Príncipe colonised the archipelago independently, and that the current species diversity on the islands is the result of allopatric divergence between the islands and the continent, following island colonisation.- 20 -The intraspecific study revealed a high genetic diversity for Tridactyle tridactylites individuals present on Príncipe, which is not common on oceanic islands, but could be a signal that the island was a refuge for the species during the climatic changes related to ice ages. An approximate Bayesian computation analysis (ABC) of the geographic distribution of genetic variation in Atlantic Central Africa and West Africa favoured a hypothesis of recolonisation of the continent from the island rather than a colonisation of the island from the continent. It is possible that the dust-like seeds used wind currents moving from the islands to Central and West Africa as a mean of travel.The work presented here stresses the importance of conducting such studies on more orchid genera, but also on the two other main families of São Tomé and Príncipe, Rubiaceae and Euphorbiaceae. We made a first step toward a better understanding of the mechanisms of diversifications on the Gulf of Guinea islands, but only with a larger number of studies on diverse families and genera, we could draw more general conclusions about these mechanisms for the flora of the archipelago.With regard to the limitations of our study, we were not able to include all species of the genus, especially species from the Democratic Republic of Congo or East Africa. Sampling in the African rainforests is currently not uniformly carried out, and could be improved. Another way to increase sampling is to use new NGS sequencing methods to extract DNA from herbaria preserved in European Herbarium institutions, and obtain genetic information from the chloroplast and ribosome as we have done, but potentially from low-copy nuclear genes as well. / Doctorat en Sciences / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished