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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Resposta imunologica e fisiopatologia das infecções artificiais por Trichostrongylus colubriformis em cordeiros Santa Inês

Cardia, Daniel Fontana Ferreira [UNESP] 17 February 2009 (has links) (PDF)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-02-17Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:10:00Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 cardia_dff_me_botfmvz.pdf: 585057 bytes, checksum: f3c3565d13f02268ca436eddfd676ae7 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Com o objetivo de se investigar a resposta imunológica e fisiopatologia das infecções por Trichostrongylus colubriformis em cordeiros Santa Inês, trinta ovinos foram agrupados em 10 classes, de acordo com seu peso vivo, sendo cada uma destas constituída de três animais. Por sorteio, um animal de cada classe constituiu o grupo infectado artificialmente com 2500 larvas de T. colubriformis, três vezes por semana, ao longo de 13 semanas e alimentado ad libitum, outro animal constituiu o grupo não infectado, alimentado com a mesma quantidade consumida pelo animal infectado, de mesma classe, no dia anterior, e o último animal constituiu o grupo não infectado e alimentado ad libitum. Diariamente as sobras de alimento eram pesadas, para que se estimasse o consumo alimentar individual de cada cordeiro. Semanalmente os animais eram pesados e amostras de sangue e fezes eram colhidas para a realização de exames hematológicos, imunológicos e coproparasitológicos. Ao final deste estudo, os cordeiros foram eutanaziados para a determinação da carga parasitária e colheita de amostras de tecido e muco intestinal para realização de análises histopatológicas e imunológicas. Os resultados demonstraram que a resposta imunológica impediu parcialmente o estabelecimento das larvas infectantes nos cordeiros infectados, porém houve redução do desempenho produtivo nos animais, independentemente da carga parasitária. O grupo infectado apresentou a pior conversão alimentar (88,81 ± 21,19 g a cada 1000g de alimento consumido), sendo esta significativamente menor (P<0,01) aos outros dois grupos experimentais. Os efeitos deletérios nos cordeiros foram decorrentes tanto das alterações patológicas causadas pelos vermes adultos na mucosa intestinal, como das alterações imunopatológicas produzidas pelo contato com as larvas infectantes. A alta demanda de nutrientes destinados ao desenvolvimento... / To investigate the immune response and physiopathology of Trichostrongylus colubriformis infections in Santa Inês lambs, thirty sheep were grouped into 10 classes of three animals each according to their liveweight. From each class, one animal was randomly selected to constitute the group artificially infected with 2500 T. colubriformis larvae three times every week for 13 weeks and fed ad libitum; another animal included the non-infected group fed with the same quantity consumed by the infected animal of the same class on the previous day; and one third animal constituted the non-infected group fed ad libitum. Leftovers were daily weighed to assess food consumption for each lamb. Every week, the animals were weighed and blood and fecal samples were collected for hematological, immunological and coproparasitological tests. At the end of this study, lambs were euthanized to detect worm burden and collect intestinal mucus and tissue samples for histopathological and immunological analyses. The immune response partially prevented the establishment of infective larvae in infected lambs. However, there was a reduction in the productive performance of these animals independently of their worm burden. The Infected Group had the worst feed conversion (88.81 ± 21.19 g in body weight for each 1000 g food consumed), this it was significantly lower (P<0.01) than that of the other two experimental groups. Deleterious effect in the lambs were due to pathological changes caused by adult nematodes in the intestinal mucosa and to immunopathological changes resultant of the contact with infective larvae. The high nutrient demand for the development and maintenance of the immune response and the repair of damaged tissues during infections also contributes in the low performance presented infected animals.
2

Nuclear Factor kappa B is central to Marek's Disease herpesvirus induced neoplastic transformation of CD30 expressing lymphocytes in-vivo

Kumar, Shyamesh, Kunec, Dusan, Buza, Joram, Chiang, Hsin-I, Zhou, Huaijun, Subramaniam, Sugalesini, Pendarvis, Ken, Cheng, Hans, Burgess, Shane January 2012 (has links)
BACKGROUND:Marek's Disease (MD) is a hyperproliferative, lymphomatous, neoplastic disease of chickens caused by the oncogenic Gallid herpesvirus type 2 (GaHV-2 / MDV). Like several human lymphomas the neoplastic MD lymphoma cells overexpress the CD30 antigen (CD30hi) and are in minority, while the non-neoplastic cells (CD30lo) form the majority of population. MD is a unique natural in-vivo model of human CD30hi lymphomas with both natural CD30hi lymphomagenesis and spontaneous regression. The exact mechanism of neoplastic transformation from CD30lo expressing phenotype to CD30hi expressing neoplastic phenotype is unknown. Here, using microarray, proteomics and Systems Biology modeling / we compare the global gene expression of CD30lo and CD30hi cells to identify key pathways of neoplastic transformation. We propose and test a specific mechanism of neoplastic transformation, and genetic resistance, involving the MDV oncogene Meq, host gene products of the Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-kappaB) family and CD30 / we also identify a novel Meq protein interactome.RESULTS:Our results show that a) CD30lo lymphocytes are pre-neoplastic precursors and not merely reactive lymphocytes / b) multiple transformation mechanisms exist and are potentially controlled by Meq / c) Meq can drive a feed-forward cycle that induces CD30 transcription, increases CD30 signaling which activates NF-kappaB, and, in turn, increases Meq transcription / d) Meq transcriptional repression or activation of the CD30 promoter generally correlates with polymorphisms in the CD30 promoter distinguishing MD-lymphoma resistant and susceptible chicken genotypes e) MDV oncoprotein Meq interacts with proteins involved in physiological processes central to lymphomagenesis.CONCLUSIONS:In the context of the MD lymphoma microenvironment (and potentially in other CD30hi lymphomas as well), our results show that the neoplastic transformation is a continuum and the non-neoplastic cells are actually pre-neoplastic precursor cells and not merely immune bystanders. We also show that NF-kappaB is a central player in MDV induced neoplastic transformation of CD30-expressing lymphocytes in vivo. Our results provide insights into molecular mechanisms of neoplastic transformation in MD specifically and also herpesvirus induced lymphoma in general.
3

Functional Analysis of Host Cell Proteins and Stress Responses that Inhibit West Nile Virus Infection

Courtney, Sean C 14 December 2011 (has links)
Resistance to flavivirus-induced disease is conferred by a single gene that encodes oligoadenylate synthetase (Oas) 1b (Oas1b). Oas1b is not a functional synthetase suggesting its anti-flavivirus mechanism is RNase L-independent and that it may be mediated by interactions with other host cell protein(s). A yeast two-hybrid screen was used to identify host cell binding partners of Oas1b. Candidate partners were confirmed by yeast co-transformation and co-immunoprecipitation analyses. Oxysterol binding protein-related 1L (ORP1L) and ATP binding cassette subfamily F 3 (ABCF3) were found to interact with Oas1b. RNAi knockdown studies suggested that ORP1L and ABCF3 form a tripartite complex with Oas1b that is critical for the flavivirus-induced disease resistance mechanism. Stresses including oxidation, nutrient starvation, and viral infections often induce the formation of stress granules (SGs) in eukaryotic cells. In response to stress, eIF2α kinases phosphorylate eIF2α leading to stalled 48S pre-initiation complexes and SG formation. West Nile virus (WNV) Eg101 infections were previously shown not to induce the formation of SGs. Infections with viruses of other natural WNV strains, as well as a WNV lineage 1/2-based infectious clone (W956IC) were analyzed and only W956IC infections were found to induce SGs. eIF2α kinase knockout MEFs were used to show that the W956IC-induced SGs were PKR-dependent. WNV chimeras were made by inserting Eg101 genes into the W956IC backbone. Chimeras replacing NS5 or NS1 and NS5 or NS1 and NS3 and NS4a reduced SG formation as well as early viral RNA synthesis similar to Eg101 infections. W956IC infections but not Eg101 infections were shown to produce exposed viral dsRNA at early times after infection. The data suggest that natural WNV infections evade the cell SG response by suppressing the amplification of viral RNA until cytoplasmic membranes have been remodeled to protect replication complexes from detection. It was previously reported that WNV Eg101 infections inhibited the formation of arsenite-induced SGs. The ability of other natural WNV strain infections to inhibit SG formation by arsenite (HRI), DTT (PERK), W956IC co-infection (PKR), and heat shock treatments was assessed. WNV infections only inhibited arsenite-induced SG formation suggesting that WNV infections specifically suppress the response to oxidative intermediates.
4

Resposta imunologica e fisiopatologia das infecções artificiais por Trichostrongylus colubriformis em cordeiros Santa Inês /

Cardia, Daniel Fontana Ferreira. January 2009 (has links)
Orientador: Alessandro Francisco Talamini do Amarante / Banca: Maria Cecilia Rui Luvizotto / Banca: Rogerio Martins Amorin / Resumo: Com o objetivo de se investigar a resposta imunológica e fisiopatologia das infecções por Trichostrongylus colubriformis em cordeiros Santa Inês, trinta ovinos foram agrupados em 10 classes, de acordo com seu peso vivo, sendo cada uma destas constituída de três animais. Por sorteio, um animal de cada classe constituiu o grupo infectado artificialmente com 2500 larvas de T. colubriformis, três vezes por semana, ao longo de 13 semanas e alimentado ad libitum, outro animal constituiu o grupo não infectado, alimentado com a mesma quantidade consumida pelo animal infectado, de mesma classe, no dia anterior, e o último animal constituiu o grupo não infectado e alimentado ad libitum. Diariamente as sobras de alimento eram pesadas, para que se estimasse o consumo alimentar individual de cada cordeiro. Semanalmente os animais eram pesados e amostras de sangue e fezes eram colhidas para a realização de exames hematológicos, imunológicos e coproparasitológicos. Ao final deste estudo, os cordeiros foram eutanaziados para a determinação da carga parasitária e colheita de amostras de tecido e muco intestinal para realização de análises histopatológicas e imunológicas. Os resultados demonstraram que a resposta imunológica impediu parcialmente o estabelecimento das larvas infectantes nos cordeiros infectados, porém houve redução do desempenho produtivo nos animais, independentemente da carga parasitária. O grupo infectado apresentou a pior conversão alimentar (88,81 ± 21,19 g a cada 1000g de alimento consumido), sendo esta significativamente menor (P<0,01) aos outros dois grupos experimentais. Os efeitos deletérios nos cordeiros foram decorrentes tanto das alterações patológicas causadas pelos vermes adultos na mucosa intestinal, como das alterações imunopatológicas produzidas pelo contato com as larvas infectantes. A alta demanda de nutrientes destinados ao desenvolvimento... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: To investigate the immune response and physiopathology of Trichostrongylus colubriformis infections in Santa Inês lambs, thirty sheep were grouped into 10 classes of three animals each according to their liveweight. From each class, one animal was randomly selected to constitute the group artificially infected with 2500 T. colubriformis larvae three times every week for 13 weeks and fed ad libitum; another animal included the non-infected group fed with the same quantity consumed by the infected animal of the same class on the previous day; and one third animal constituted the non-infected group fed ad libitum. Leftovers were daily weighed to assess food consumption for each lamb. Every week, the animals were weighed and blood and fecal samples were collected for hematological, immunological and coproparasitological tests. At the end of this study, lambs were euthanized to detect worm burden and collect intestinal mucus and tissue samples for histopathological and immunological analyses. The immune response partially prevented the establishment of infective larvae in infected lambs. However, there was a reduction in the productive performance of these animals independently of their worm burden. The Infected Group had the worst feed conversion (88.81 ± 21.19 g in body weight for each 1000 g food consumed), this it was significantly lower (P<0.01) than that of the other two experimental groups. Deleterious effect in the lambs were due to pathological changes caused by adult nematodes in the intestinal mucosa and to immunopathological changes resultant of the contact with infective larvae. The high nutrient demand for the development and maintenance of the immune response and the repair of damaged tissues during infections also contributes in the low performance presented infected animals. / Mestre
5

Seleção de porta-enxertos para quiabeiro visando resistência múltipla à nematoides de galhas / Selection of rootstocks for okra with multiple resistance to root-knot nematodes

Silva, Edgard Henrique Costa [UNESP] 16 July 2016 (has links)
Submitted by EDGARD HENRIQUE COSTA SILVA null (edgarddragde@gmail.com) on 2016-10-10T18:47:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_ehc_diss.pdf: 1266827 bytes, checksum: ca0139e7f9d8e5d85ced4f1e7541654f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Juliano Benedito Ferreira (julianoferreira@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-10-17T13:13:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_ehc_me_jabo.pdf: 1266827 bytes, checksum: ca0139e7f9d8e5d85ced4f1e7541654f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-17T13:13:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_ehc_me_jabo.pdf: 1266827 bytes, checksum: ca0139e7f9d8e5d85ced4f1e7541654f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-16 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Dentre os fitopatógenos de maior importância econômica para o quiabeiro, destacam-se os nematoides de galhas (Meloidogyne spp.). Várias técnicas e abordagem de manejo vem sendo estudadas, no entanto, com potencial agroeconômico restrito. A resistência genética é vista como o manejo mais eficiente e sustentável, todavia não se tem relatos de resistência à nematoides de galhas dentro do gênero Abelmoschus. Uma alternativa promissora para manejar Meloidogyne spp. na cultura do quiabeiro seria a enxertia com porta-enxertos da mesma família botânica. Nesse sentido, objetivou-se com este trabalho, em duas etapas, verificar a reação de genótipos de quiabeiro e vinagreira aos nematoides de galhas Meloidogyne enterolobii, M. javanica e M. incognita raça 3 e de acessos de algodoeiro à M. incognita raça 3, e avaliar a compatibilidade para enxertia dos materiais resistentes com o quiabeiro. Na etapa 1, adotou-se delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com sete repetições. No ato do transplantio, as mudas foram inoculadas com 5.000 ovos e juvenis de segundo estádio de cada espécie de nematoide separadamente. Considerou-se uma planta por vaso como uma repetição. As plantas foram avaliadas aos 90 dias após a inoculação. Estimou-se a população final e o número de ovos e juvenis de segundo estádio por grama de raiz, bem como, o fator e o índice de reprodução para classificação de resistência ou suscetibilidade. Na etapa 2, os materiais resistentes na etapa anterior foram avaliados em duas sub-etapas, quanto à compatibilidade inicial e ao desenvolvimento inicial das plantas enxertadas. Adotou-se delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 20x4, onde o primeiro fator foi constituído dos candidatos à porta-enxertos, e o segundo de intervalo de semeadura entre enxerto e porta-enxerto (-5D, o porta-enxerto foi semeado cinco dias antes do enxerto; 0D, o porta-enxerto e o enxerto foram semeados no mesmo dia; +5D e +10D, o porta-enxerto foi semeado 5 e 10 dias após o enxerto, respectivamente). Utilizou-se dez repetições, sendo uma repetição representada por uma planta. Os enxertos foram padronizados para 3 cm de comprimento e enxertados pelo método de garfagem fenda cheia. As mudas enxertadas foram acondicionadas em câmara úmida do tipo “floating” durante 20 dias. As mudas foram transplantadas para campo aberto no espaçamento 1x0,25 m. Mensurou-se o comprimento do enxerto e o número de folhas no transplantio e a taxa de sobrevivência cinco dias após o transplantio. Aos 40 dias após o transplantio, aferiu-se a massa fresca, massa seca, comprimento e diâmetro do enxerto e do porta-enxerto, massa fresca, massa seca e diâmetro da região da enxertia e número de folhas. Os resultados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey ou Scott-Knott à 5% de probabilidade. Todos os genótipos de quiabeiro foram suscetíveis às três espécies de nematoides. As vinagreiras roxa e flor-de-veludo foram resistentes às três espécies estudadas, e a vinagreira comum foi resistente à M. incognita raça 3. Foram resistentes à M. incognita raça 3 os acessos de aldogoeiro TMG 43 WS, IAC 20-233, PRO 136, Nou PAL-RR, LD 990 11213, Stoneville Cluster, Dunn 224, IAC 25, PA 04-158, IAPAR 97-141, Parrot, Acala 22, Wild Mexican Jack Jones, Coodetec 404, AP 0460, AUB 612 RNR, BJ 3128, SA 2572 e CS 8601. Os genótipos de algodoeiro e a vinagreira comum não são compatíveis para enxertia com quiabeiro. As vinagreiras roxa e flor-de-veludo são compatíveis para enxertia com quiabeiro ‘Santa Cruz 47’, sendo porta-enxertos promissores que devem ter o potencial agronômico do quiabeiro avaliado. Melhores resultados foram encontrados quando o enxerto ‘Santa Cruz 47’ e os porta-enxertos vinagreiras roxa e flor-de-veludo foram semeados no mesmo dia. / Among the pathogens of major economic importance to okra, it highlights the root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.). Various techniques and management approach has been studied, however, with restricted agroeconomic potential. Genetic resistance is seen as the most efficient and sustainable management, but there is no root-knot nematode resistance reported in Abelmoschus. A promising alternative to manage Meloidogyne spp. in okra crop would be grafting with rootstocks of the same botanical family. In this sense, the aim of this work, in two steps, was to screen okra and Hibiscus genotypes to Meloidogyne enterolobii, M. javanica and M. incognita race 3 and cotton access to M. incognita race 3, and to evaluate the compatibility of grafting of resistant materials with okra. In step 1, we adopted a randomized complete block design with seven replicates. At the time of transplanting, the seedlings were inoculated with 5.000 eggs and second stage juveniles of each species of nematode separately. It was considered one plant per pot as a repetition. The plants were evaluated 90 days after inoculation. We estimated the final population and the number of eggs and second stage juveniles as well as the factor and the reproduction rate for resistance or susceptibility classification. In step 2, the resistant material in the previous step were evaluated in two sub-steps, as for the initial compatibility and the initial development of grafted plants. A randomized complete block design in a factorial 20x4 was adopted. The first factor was composed of rootstocks candidates, and the second was seeding interval between scion and rootstock (-5D, the rootstock was sown five days before the scion, 0D, the rootstock and scion were sown on the same day; +5D and +10D, the rootstock was seeded with 5 and 10 days after the scion, respectively). We used ten replicates, with a repetition represented by a plant. Scions were standardized to 3 cm long and grafted by the cleft grafting method. Grafted seedlings were placed in a moist chamber of the floating type, for 20 days. Seedlings were transplanted to open field, spaced 1x0,25 m. It was measured the scion length and the number of leaves at transplanting and the survival rate five days after transplanting. At 40 days after transplanting, we assessed the fresh weight, dried weight, length and diameter of the scion and rootstock, fresh weight, dry weight and diameter of the graft area and number of leaves. The results were submitted to analysis of variance and means were compared by the Tukey or ScottKnott tests at 5% probability. All okra genotypes were susceptible to the three nematode species. The kenaf and false roselle were resistant to the three studied species, and the roselle was resistant to M. incognita race 3. The cotton access TMG 43 WS, IAC 20-233, PRO 136, Nou PAL-RR, LD 990 11213, Stoneville Cluster, Dunn 224, IAC 25, PA 04-158, IAPAR 97-141, Parrot, Acala 22, Wild Mexican Jack Jones, Coodetec 404, AP 0460, AUB 612 RNR BJ 3128, SA 2572 and CS 8601 were resistant to M. incognita race 3. The cotton genotypes are not compatible for grafting with okra. The roselle, despite initial compatibility, showed up, over time, incompatible. The kenaf and false roselle are compatible for grafting with okra 'Santa Cruz 47', and promising rootstocks that should have the agronomic potential assessed. Best results were found when the scion and rootstock were sown on the same day.
6

Estudo de herança genética da resistência à Macrophomina phaseolina na cultura da soja / Study of genetic inheritance of resistance to Macrophomina phaseolina in soybean

Bizari, Eduardo Henrique [UNESP] 20 February 2018 (has links)
Submitted by Eduardo Henrique Bizari (edubizari@ig.com.br) on 2018-04-17T11:51:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Eduardo FINAL.pdf: 1202549 bytes, checksum: fc1e9272c4cd0e5f7c88384fa75d52bb (MD5) / Rejected by Alexandra Maria Donadon Lusser Segali null (alexmar@fcav.unesp.br), reason: Solicitamos que realize correções na submissão seguindo as orientações abaixo: Prezado se faz necessário que a tese em questão possua um resumo geral e um abstract geral também a parte dos mesmos referentes aos artigos ou capítulos, favor inserir os mesmos no arquivo pdf e submeter novamente ao repositório. Agradecemos a compreensão on 2018-04-18T17:25:50Z (GMT) / Submitted by Eduardo Henrique Bizari (edubizari@ig.com.br) on 2018-04-18T20:21:23Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese Eduardo FINAL.pdf: 1202549 bytes, checksum: fc1e9272c4cd0e5f7c88384fa75d52bb (MD5) Tese Eduardo FINAL.pdf: 1202549 bytes, checksum: fc1e9272c4cd0e5f7c88384fa75d52bb (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Alexandra Maria Donadon Lusser Segali null (alexmar@fcav.unesp.br) on 2018-04-19T12:48:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 bizari_eh_dr_jabo.pdf: 1202549 bytes, checksum: fc1e9272c4cd0e5f7c88384fa75d52bb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-19T12:48:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 bizari_eh_dr_jabo.pdf: 1202549 bytes, checksum: fc1e9272c4cd0e5f7c88384fa75d52bb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-20 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A podridão de carvão, causada pelo fungo Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid, tem sido uma doença de crescente importância na cultura da soja. Essa doença ocorre principalmente em regiões tropicais e subtropicais e sabe-se que sua maior incidência e severidade são observadas principalmente quando há estresse hídrico e altas temperaturas. Na tentativa de compreender o comportamento da resistência desse patógeno, objetivou-se o estudo da herança genética por meio de uma abordagem quantitativa, sendo utilizada uma análise de componentes de médias e variâncias. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação no delineamento inteiramente casualizado utilizando as seis gerações de estudo (P1, P2, F1, F2, RCr e RCs). As populações foram inoculadas com o fungo Macrophomina phaseolina por meio de sementes de sorgo infectadas. Após o estádio R8, as plantas foram avaliadas utilizando como critério a Severidade em Raiz e Caule (SRC). Foram estimados componentes de média (por meio do método dos mínimos quadrados ponderados), além das variâncias e parâmetros genéticos associados. Foi confirmado o caráter quantitativo da herança da resistência, com estimativa de 5,62 genes envolvidos na resistência. O modelo aditivo-dominante foi adequado, assim como a estimativa de parâmetros genéticos, havendo predominância de efeitos gênicos aditivos, tanto nos modelos de médias como nos de variância. / Charcoal rot disease, caused by Macrophomina phaseolina, is a disease of significant economic importance in the soybean crop. This disease occurs mainly in tropical and subtropical regions and it is known that the incidence and severity occur mainly when there is stress of water and heat. The evaluation of this pathogen is difficult due to the lack of reliable and efficient methods for the evaluation of soybean genotypes. The present work had the objective of evaluating different methods of inoculation and evaluation in ten soybean genotypes, besides discovering the degree of resistance of the genotypes studied. Infected sorghum seeds, pre-germinated seed in culture medium and infected toothpick test were the tested methods. Colony forming units and root and stem severity were evaluated. There was good correlation between evaluations of colony forming units and root and stem severity (0.87). The infected sorghum seed method was the most efficient for inoculating the pathogen in soybean genotypes. Genotype PI594302 presented higher resistance in the two evaluated parameters, being indicated its introduction in programs of genetic improvement aiming the resistance to the charcoal rot in soybean.
7

Reação de genótipos de feijoeiro a Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens PV. flaccumfaciens, agressividade e variabilidade molecular de isolados /

Souza, Valmir Luiz de. January 2004 (has links)
Orientador: Antonio Carlos Marangoni / Banca: Antonio Carlos Marangoni / Banca: Renate Krause Sakate / Banca: Sergio Augusto M.Carbonell / Banca: Margarida Fumiko Ito / Silvana Helena F. de Oliveira / Resumo: Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens (Cff), agente causal da murcha-de-curtobacterium em feijoeiro, é um patógeno de colonização vascular de difícil controle. A doença foi detectada pela primeira vez no Brasil na safra das águas de 1995, no Estado de São Paulo. Além da região Sudeste, atualmente a doença encontra-se distribuída nas regiões Sul e Centro-Oeste. Sintomas típicos da doença incluem a murcha, amarelecimento das folhas e morte de plantas, sintoma variável em resposta aos diferentes níveis de resistência em genótipos de feijoeiro. Por tratar-se de uma doença de difícil controle, o uso de material comercial com resistência genética ao patógeno tem sido a melhor opção. O presente trabalho teve como objetivos avaliar a reação de genótipos de feijoeiro a murcha-de-curtobacterium, frente a 333 acessos pertencentes ao banco de germoplasma de feijoeiro do Instituto Agronômico de Campinas (IAC), comparar por meio da microscopia eletrônica de varredura a colonização de Cff em vasos de xilemas de feijoeiros altamente resistentes e suscetíveis, avaliar através de técnica molecular a especificidade dos iniciadores CffFOR2-CffREV4 e CF4-CF5 em reação de PCR, como ferramenta de identificação de vinte e quatro isolados de Cff de diferentes regiões geográficas e dois isolados de Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens endofíticos de citros, como também a variabilidade genética destes isolados pela técnica de rep-PCR, e por fim a análise da agressividade de Cff, através de inoculação em genótipos de feijoeiro suscetíveis e altamente resistentes. Os resultados mostraram a existência de variabilidade genética nas amostras dos 333 genótipos de feijoeiro avaliados, ao isolado de Cff Feij 2634. Os materiais foram classificados em quatro grupos de resistência:... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo). / Abstract: Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens (Cff), causer agent of the bacterial wilt of common bean. It is a vascular colonization pathogen of difficult control. The disease was first detected in Brazil in the 1995 waters harvest time in São Paulo State. Besides the Southeast region, the disease is currently also distributed in the South and Middle West regions. Typical symptoms of the disease include: wilt yellow leaves and plant death. However, the symptoms are variable according to the different levels of resistance in the plant genotypes. Due to the difficult disease control, genetic resistance has been the better option. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reaction of bean genotypes to the bacterial wilt in common bean in 333 access of the bean plant germoplasm database of the Instituto Agronômico de Campinas (IAC), and to compare the Cff colonization in xylem vessels of highly resistant and susceptible bean plants by scanning electronic microscopy. It also aimed the molecular evaluation of the CffFOR2-CffREV4 and CF4-CF5 primers specificity using PCR reaction in the identification of 24 Cff isolateds from geographically separated regions and 2 citrus endophytic Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens isolated, as well as the genetic variability of these isolates by rep-PCR, and the Cff aggressiveness analysis by the inoculation of susceptible and highly resistant bean plant genotypes. The observed results indicated genetic variability in all 333 genotypes evaluated in relation to the Cff isolate Feij 2634. The materials were classified into four resistance levels: 29 highly resistance genotypes (8.7%), 13 resistant genotypes (3.9%), 18 moderately resistant genotypes (5.0%) and 273 susceptible genotypes (81.0%). Using the scanning electronic microscopy, several bacteria agglutinations involved by filaments and the appearance of tangled structures under the punctuations... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below). / Doutor
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Immunological Response to Clostridium perfringens in Two Genetically Divergent Lines of Chickens as Influenced by Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) Genotype

Sumners, Lindsay Hart 28 July 2011 (has links)
Chickens genetically selected for low (LA) or high (HA) antibody response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) displayed a correlated change in major histocompatibility complex (MHC), so that LA chickens were 96% B¹³ and HA chickens were 96% B²¹. During a clinical outbreak of necrotic enteritis, B²¹B²¹ genotypes experienced significantly less mortality (6% vs. 13 %) compared to B¹³B¹³ genotypes. A study was carried out to assess immunological differences between LA and HA lines during exposure to Clostridium perfringens. In Experiment 1, chickens were orally gavaged with a low (10⁷ CFU/mL) or high (10⁹ CFU/mL) dose of C. perfringens. In Experiment 2, chickens were orally gavaged with live coccidia oocysts on experiment d 1, followed by 10⁷ CFU/mL C. perfringens on d 5. Unfortunately, establishment of necrotic enteritis infection was unsuccessful in both experiments as evidenced by lack of significant intestinal lesions, as well as no negative effect on bird performance. In an ex vivo study, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from each genetic line, cultured, stimulated with LPS (4 h), and exposed to varying concentrations of C. perfringens α-toxin (1, 10, 100, 1000 U/L) for 2 and 4 h. Evaluation of cellular proliferation, percent cytotoxicity and immunological gene expression was carried out in a variety of experiments. Genetic lines were found to be highly divergent in all analyses. / Master of Science
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Seleção de genótipos de soja para resistência ao complexo de percevejos / Selection of soybean genotypes for resistance to stink bug complex

Rocha, Fabiani da 08 May 2015 (has links)
Os percevejos são considerados pragas-chave da cultura da soja, uma vez que se alimentam diretamente da parte reprodutiva das plantas danificando vagens e sementes. Sendo assim, os objetivos deste trabalho foram i) propor uma alternativa eficiente para a seleção de plantas resistentes em populações grandes; ii) identificar genótipos com excelente desempenho agronômico e resistência ao complexo de percevejo em diferentes ambientes; e iii) comparar a eficiência de dois métodos de seleção. Para a verificação do PSB (peso de sementes boas) como critério para a seleção de genótipos com resistência, dois experimentos foram conduzidos a campo, com e sem controle químico de insetos. Índices foram empregados para a validação do PSB como um critério eficiente para a seleção de genótipos produtivos e com resistência. Na etapa seguinte, o PSB foi empregado para a seleção de genótipos a partir de uma população de linhagens endogâmicas recombinantes (LERs) obtidas do cruzamento de IAC-100 (resistente) com CD-215 (suscetível). O desempenho das linhagens obtidas pelo método de descendência de uma única vagem foi comparado ao de linhagens obtidas pelo método genealógico. Nos diferentes experimentos, conduzidos em condições de campo, sob infestação natural de insetos, foram avaliados: número de dias para a maturidade (NDM), altura da planta na maturidade (APM), período de granação (PEG), acamamento (AC), valor agronômico (VA), produtividade de grãos (PG), peso de cem sementes (PCS), retenção foliar (RF) e peso sementes boas (PSB). Baseado nos resultados foi possível concluir que o PSB é uma excelente estratégia para a seleção de genótipos com resistência ao complexo de percevejos, e com elevado potencial produtivo. Na população de LERs, tomando-se apenas aqueles genótipos com PSB mínimo de 2908,26 kg ha-1 (perdas aceitáveis de 20% em relação à média de PG) o ganho de seleção (GS) foi de 665,4 e 482,4 kg ha-1 safra 2012/13. Ou seja, o parâmetro empregado na seleção foi eficiente na identificação dos genótipos mais produtivos e com resistência ao complexo de percevejos. As estimativas dos componentes de variância mostraram a elevada influência da interação genótipo por ambiente sobre os caracteres PG e PSB, que tiveram as menores estimativas de herdabilidade (23 e 34% respectivamente). Ambos os métodos descendência de uma única vagem (SPD) e genealógico foram eficientes na geração de progênies superiores para produtividade e resistência ao complexo de percevejos. Tão logo, independe do método empregado o cruzamento CD-215 x IAC-100 apresenta potencial genético para a geração de progênies que aliem produtividade elevada e resistência ao complexo de percevejo. / Stink bugs are considered key pests of soybean, because they feed directly on reproductive parts of the plant, causing damage to the seeds and pods. Thus, the present study aims to i) propose an efficient alternative for the selection of resistant plants in large populations; ii) identify lines with excellent agronomic performance and resistance to members of the stink bug complex, in different environments; and iii) compare the efficiency of two selection methods. To evaluate the good seed weight (GSW) as a criterion for selection of resistant genotypes, two experiments were conducted in the field, with and without chemical control of insects. To validate GSW as an efficient criterion for the selection of productive genotypes with resistance indices were used. In the next step, GSW was used for the selection of genotypes from a population of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) obtained from the cross IAC- 100 (resistant) x CD-215 (susceptible). The performance of the lines obtained by single pod descent was compared to lines obtained by the pedigree method. The following characters were evaluated in field, under different locations with natural infestation by insects: number of days to maturity (NDM), plant height at maturity (PHM), grain filling period (GFP), lodging (L), agronomic value (AV), grain yield (GY), 100 seed weight (HSW), leaf retention (LR) and good seeds weight (GSW). Based on the results, we concluded that the selection based on GSW is an excellent strategy for identifying genotypes with resistance to stink bugs, and high yield potential. In the RIL population, choosing only those genotypes with a minimum GSW of 2908.26 kg ha-1 (acceptable losses of 20% from the GY average) the selection gain (SG) was 665.4 and 482.4 kg ha-1, season 2012/13. The parameter used in the selection was effective in identifying the most productive genotypes with resistance to the stink bug complex. Estimates of variance components showed a major influence of genotype by environment interaction for GY and GSW, which had the lowest heritability estimates (23 and 34% respectively). The single pod descent (SPD) and pedigree methods were both efficient in generating superior progenies for yield and resistance to stink bugs. Independent of the method used, the CD-215 x IAC-100 cross has genetic potential to generate progenies that combine high productivity and resistance to pests in the stink bug complex.
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Epistasia na herança da resistência do milho ao gorgulho Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) / Epistasis in the inheritance of maize resistance to Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Morais, Alexandre Augusto de 14 August 2012 (has links)
Considerado um dos aspectos mais complexos da genética quantitativa, a epistasia tem sido ignorada pelos melhoristas nos estudos de herança dos caracteres, principalmente os da herança da resistência de plantas a insetos, que são de difícil obtenção. No milho, a principal praga de grãos é o Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), devido a sua capacidade de atacar grãos tanto no campo quanto em silos. Contudo, as estimativas dos componentes aditivo e de dominância envolvidos na herança dessa resistência podem estar viesadas pela presença do efeito da epistasia. Utilizando o delineamento triple testcross, os objetivos deste trabalho foram: (i) verificar a presença da epistasia para os caracteres relacionados à resistência do milho ao S. zeamais; (ii) estimar os efeitos epistáticos em cada planta F2; e (iii) estimar o efeito da interação epistasia x ambientes para estes caracteres. As 300 progênies de retrocruzamentos utilizadas nesse estudo foram avaliadas em dois ambientes no município de Piracicaba/SP, em delineamento alfa-látice 15 x 20, no esquema fatorial com duas repetições por ambiente. Os caracteres avaliados foram: número de insetos mortos (NM); número de insetos emergidos (EM); tempo médio de desenvolvimento dos insetos (TM); índice de suscetibilidade (IS) e perda percentual de massa seca dos grãos (PE). No ambiente E. E. Anhumas a presença da epistasia foi detectada para todos os caracteres; porém, no ambiente Caterpillar o efeito da epistasia não foi detectado para nenhum dos caracteres. Na análise conjunta, os efeitos epistáticos foram detectados para os caracteres NM, EM, IS e PE. O efeito da epistasia do tipo aditivo x dominante e/ou dominante x dominante foi mais importante para todos os caracteres que a epistasia do tipo aditiva x aditiva. A interação da epistasia com os ambientes foi significativa apenas para os caracteres TM e PE. Identificaram-se efeitos epistáticos bidirecionais significativos em plantas F2 para todos os caracteres no ambiente E. E. Anhumas e para os caracteres NM, EM, IS e PE na análise conjunta. O grande número de plantas F2 que apresentaram epistasia para mais de um caráter simultaneamente sugere a presença de epistasia pleiotrópica. As estimativas da variância aditiva e da interação aditiva com ambientes foram significativamente maiores que as das variâncias de dominância para a maioria dos caracteres. As magnitudes das estimativas dos coeficientes de herdabilidade para todos os caracteres variaram de baixas a medianas. A alta correlação genética entre os caracteres EM e PE sugere que o caráter PE, que é de difícil avaliação, pode ser selecionado indiretamente através do caráter EM que é de fácil avaliação para programas de melhoramento visando resistência ao S. zeamais. Os resultados obtidos na análise conjunta sugerem que, na população estudada, a epistasia constitui um componente importante da variância genética, de forma que as estimativas da variância aditiva, de dominância, graus médios de dominância e coeficientes de herdabilidade estão viesadas. / Considered one of the most complex components in quantitative genetics, the epistasis has been ignored by plant breeders, especially in inheritance studies of plant resistance, because the traits are laborious to evaluate. Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is an important grain pest, due to its ability to attack in both field and silo conditions. However, the estimation of additive and dominance components in the inheritance of resistance to this pest may be biased due to epistatic effects. With the use of the triple test cross design, this research was aimed to: (i) verify the role of epistasis in the inheritance of maize resistance to S. zeamais, (ii) estimate the epistatic effects in the resistance traits of each F2 plant; (iii) estimate the epistasis x environment interaction. The 300 backcross progenies of this study were evaluated in two environments at Piracicaba, Brazil, in 2008/2009 growing season, using an alpha-lattice 15 x 20 design in a factorial arrangement with two replications per environment. The recorded traits were: number of dead weevils (NDW); number of emerged weevils (EW); mean development period (DP); index of susceptibility (IS) and the percentage of dry grain weight loss (DGWL). The epistatic effects were detected in Anhumas Experimental Station (AES) environment for all traits although they were absent in Caterpillar Experimental Station environment. In the combined analysis epistasis was detected for NDW, EW, IS and DGWL traits. The additive x dominance and/or dominance x dominance epistasis were more important than the additive x additive epistasis for all traits. The epistasis x environment interaction was significant only for traits DP and DGWL. Significant epistatic effects, which were not unidirectional, were detected in F2 plants for all traits in AES and for the traits NDW, EW, IS and DGWL in the combined analysis. Several F2 plants presented epistasis for more than one trait simultaneously suggesting the presence of pleiotropic epistasis. Estimates of additive, dominance and the additive by environment interaction variances were significant for all traits. Estimates of additive and additive by environment interaction variances were significantly higher than those of dominance variance for most of the traits. The magnitudes of the heritability coefficients estimates ranged from low to intermediate. The genetic correlation between EW and DGWL traits suggests that DGWL, which is difficult to evaluate, can be indirectly selected by the EW trait, which is easier to evaluate, in a breeding program. The results from the combined analysis suggests that, in the population studied, the epistasis is an important component of the genetic variance; therefore, estimates of additive, dominance variance, the average levels of dominance and heritability coefficients are biased.

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