Thesis (doctoral)--Ludwig-Maxilimilians-Universität zu München, 1993. / Includes bibliographical references.

Se utilizaron 4 llamas hembras adultas las que fueron embalsamadas y disecadas en el Laboratorio de Anatomía Animal y Fauna Silvestre de la FMV – UNMSM para realizar la descripción anatómica del tracto reproductor femenino de la llama. Macroscópicamente, la anatomía del aparato reproductor femenino de la llama es similar morfológicamente a la del bovino, diferenciándose por la ausencia de ligamento intercornual y cotiledones, así como por la presentación de un tabique intercornual como es el caso de la alpaca. La distribución de las arterias y venas que irrigaron y drenaron sangre a la cavidad pélvica y aparato reproductor presentaron en un primer tramo a nivel de la arteria iliaca interna, una distribución vascular casi concordante con los patrones descritos en rumiantes; luego siguió un patrón similar a los equinos. A nivel del aparato reproductor los vasos sanguíneos adoptaron un patrón totalmente diferente al descrito en especies domésticas. Se encontraron arterias nunca antes descritas como la arteria vaginal caudal, la arteria vesical media, la arteria vaginal craneal, la arteria uterina dorsal con sus ramas lateral y medial y la arteria arco cervical. A cada arteria encontrada le correspondió una vena satélite con el mismo nombre de la arteria descrita. Se encontró que el cuerno uterino izquierdo presentó una mejor irrigación dado que la arteria uterina derecha envió su rama medial derecha dirigida hacia el lado izquierdo del aparato reproductor. Además, la arteria denominada arteria arco cervical se encargó de establecer comunicación entre las arterias uterinas izquierda y derecha, pasando por la superficie ventral de la cérvix. Ésta arteria puede emerger tanto de la misma arteria uterina como de la rama medial de ésta. Estos hallazgos brindarían nuevas luces respecto a interrogantes reproductivas en camélidos sudamericanos considerando la estrecha relación entre las estructuras vasculares y órgano reproductor. / In order to develop a description of the female llama reproductive tract, four adult female llamas were dissected and embalmed at the FMV - UNMSM Anatomia Animal and Fauna Silvestre Laboratory. Macroscopically, the reproductive system of a female llama is morphologically similar to the cow. However, they are different due to the absence of intercornual ligament and cotyledons, as well as the presence of an intercornual septum, which is found in the alpaca. At first, the distribution of the arteries and veins that irrigated and drained the blood to the pelvic cavity and reproductive system presented a vascular distribution almost equal to the ruminant’s patterns. After that, they followed a pattern similar to that of the equine. At the reproductive system level, the blood vessels adopted a totally different pattern from those described for the domestic species. Arteries were found that had never been described, such as the caudal vaginal artery, medium vesical artery, cranial vaginal artery, dorsal uterine artery with lateral and medial branches and the arch cervical artery. To each artery found, there was a corresponding satellite vein with the same name. We also found that the left uterine horn presented the best irrigation due to the right uterine artery sending its medial right branch to the left side of the reproductive system. In addition, the arch cervical artery established communication between the left and right uterine arteries through the cervix ventral surface. This artery could emerge from the uterine artery itself as well as from its medial branch. These findings could provide new insights about the reproductive system of the South American camels given the close relationship between the vascular and reproductive structures.

Se utilizaron 4 llamas hembras adultas las que fueron embalsamadas y disecadas en el Laboratorio de Anatomía Animal y Fauna Silvestre de la FMV – UNMSM para realizar la descripción anatómica del tracto reproductor femenino de la llama. Macroscópicamente, la anatomía del aparato reproductor femenino de la llama es similar morfológicamente a la del bovino, diferenciándose por la ausencia de ligamento intercornual y cotiledones, así como por la presentación de un tabique intercornual como es el caso de la alpaca. La distribución de las arterias y venas que irrigaron y drenaron sangre a la cavidad pélvica y aparato reproductor presentaron en un primer tramo a nivel de la arteria iliaca interna, una distribución vascular casi concordante con los patrones descritos en rumiantes; luego siguió un patrón similar a los equinos. A nivel del aparato reproductor los vasos sanguíneos adoptaron un patrón totalmente diferente al descrito en especies domésticas. Se encontraron arterias nunca antes descritas como la arteria vaginal caudal, la arteria vesical media, la arteria vaginal craneal, la arteria uterina dorsal con sus ramas lateral y medial y la arteria arco cervical. A cada arteria encontrada le correspondió una vena satélite con el mismo nombre de la arteria descrita. Se encontró que el cuerno uterino izquierdo presentó una mejor irrigación dado que la arteria uterina derecha envió su rama medial derecha dirigida hacia el lado izquierdo del aparato reproductor. Además, la arteria denominada arteria arco cervical se encargó de establecer comunicación entre las arterias uterinas izquierda y derecha, pasando por la superficie ventral de la cérvix. Ésta arteria puede emerger tanto de la misma arteria uterina como de la rama medial de ésta. Estos hallazgos brindarían nuevas luces respecto a interrogantes reproductivas en camélidos sudamericanos considerando la estrecha relación entre las estructuras vasculares y órgano reproductor. / In order to develop a description of the female llama reproductive tract, four adult female llamas were dissected and embalmed at the FMV - UNMSM Anatomia Animal and Fauna Silvestre Laboratory. Macroscopically, the reproductive system of a female llama is morphologically similar to the cow. However, they are different due to the absence of intercornual ligament and cotyledons, as well as the presence of an intercornual septum, which is found in the alpaca. At first, the distribution of the arteries and veins that irrigated and drained the blood to the pelvic cavity and reproductive system presented a vascular distribution almost equal to the ruminant’s patterns. After that, they followed a pattern similar to that of the equine. At the reproductive system level, the blood vessels adopted a totally different pattern from those described for the domestic species. Arteries were found that had never been described, such as the caudal vaginal artery, medium vesical artery, cranial vaginal artery, dorsal uterine artery with lateral and medial branches and the arch cervical artery. To each artery found, there was a corresponding satellite vein with the same name. We also found that the left uterine horn presented the best irrigation due to the right uterine artery sending its medial right branch to the left side of the reproductive system. In addition, the arch cervical artery established communication between the left and right uterine arteries through the cervix ventral surface. This artery could emerge from the uterine artery itself as well as from its medial branch. These findings could provide new insights about the reproductive system of the South American camels given the close relationship between the vascular and reproductive structures.

To understand how genital self-image affects sexual well-being, it is important to consider its influence on sexual function and distress. It is also important to learn what type of genital appearance is considered visually appealing to men and women, and whether genitalia modified by cosmetic surgery are judged as more attractive compared to unmodified genitalia. The present study assessed women’s genital self-image, sexual functioning and sexual distress in order to elucidate the relationship between these three elements of sexual well-being. Additionally, genital photographs were presented to men and women in order to assess conceptions of female genital attractiveness relative to surgical status (i.e. before and after). Four hundred and seventy-six women (M age=24.38) completed online questionnaires to assess genital self-image, sexual satisfaction, functioning and distress. The female sample along with 429 men (M age = 27.47) also reviewed pictures of pre- and post-surgery genitalia and rated them on levels of attractiveness. The Female Genital Self-Image Scale, the Relational Concern and Personal Concern subscales of the Sexual Satisfaction Scale – Women, and the Female Sexual Functioning Index were administered. Genital self-image was positively correlated with functioning variables including arousal, lubrication, orgasm, satisfaction and pain, and negatively correlated with sexual distress. Men rated unaltered and altered genitalia as more attractive than women; older participants rated unaltered and altered genitalia as more attractive than younger participants, and men and women of all ages found altered genitalia more attractive than unaltered genitalia.Women with positive genital self-image experience higher levels of sexual functioning and lower levels of sexual distress. Female genitalia modified by genital cosmetic surgery are considered more attractive regardless of age and gender. / text

No description available.

No description available.

ABSTRACT: Background: Correlation of nutritional status with genital shedding of HIV-1 has not been described. Genital shedding patterns have not been described in Botswana previously. Methods: I conducted a cross-sectional study to describe genital shedding patterns in Botswana and to correlate nutritional status with genital shedding of HIV-1. Between July 2005 and December 2005, samples were collected and analyzed from 50 women participating in an ongoing micronutrient supplementation clinical trial that is examining the effect of supplementation on HIV disease progression. Results: HIV-1 RNA was isolated from both baseline and three months CVL in 24% of the study population, and these were labelled continuous shedders (CS). No HIV-1RNA was isolated from both baseline and three months CVL in 64% of the study population, and these were labelled non-shedders (NS). In 14% of women, HIV-1 RNA was either isolated from baseline CVL only (4/50) or from the three months CVL only (3/50) and these were labelled as Intermittent Shedders (IS). Women who had detectable genital HIV-1 RNA at baseline had lower haemoglobin compared to those who were not shedding (Hb11.7 (95% CI 10.8 ; 12.5) vs. Hb 12.5 (95% CI 12.0 ; 13) P = 0.0877), showing a strong trend, albeit a non significant haemoglobin difference. Women who had detectable genital HIV-1-RNA at baseline had significantly lower CD4 cell percentage compared to those not shedding (22% (95% CI 19 ; 24) vs. 30 % (95% CI 27 ; 34) P < 0.01) and a significantly higher log viral load (4.7 log (95% CI 4.2 ; 5.1) vs. 3.6 log; ((95% CI 3.5 ; 4.0) P < 0.01). Overall there was a non significant higher prevalence of genital infection in women who were shedding HIV-1 at baseline, compared to those who were not (73% vs. 46% P = 0.123). No HIV -1 RNA was isolated in all the19% of the women in the study who were using some form of contraception. Conclusions: The preliminary analysis showed three patterns of HIV shedding in this study population, namely Continuous shedders, Intermittent shedders and Non-shedders. Women with detectable genital HIV-1-RNA at baseline had more advanced disease, and by extension poor nutritional status, than those not shedding, as shown by higher plasma viral load, lower CD4 count, lower haemoglobin level and higher prevalence of genital infections. This study generates hypothesis on the role haemoglobin may play in genital shedding of HIV-1 in females. Recommendation: Due to the small sample size, these results will need to be validated by larger studies of appropriate design. Timely treatment of anaemia in HIV positive women may be important in reducing HIV transmission associated with presence of HIV-1RNA in genital secretions.

Submitted by Mario BC (mario@bc.ufrpe.br) on 2017-02-07T13:04:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Jonas de Melo Borges.pdf: 1057256 bytes, checksum: 5a36d4a5894648ecc348d8146d19bca1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-07T13:04:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jonas de Melo Borges.pdf: 1057256 bytes, checksum: 5a36d4a5894648ecc348d8146d19bca1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-20 / The objective of this study was to determine the occurrence of infection with Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis and Tritrichomonas foetus in buffaloes in the State of Pernambuco, Brazil and identify possible risk factors associated with infection. Biological samples were collected (cervico vaginal mucus and shaved prepucial) of 113 animals, coming from 8 properties in different regions of the state. The biological material collected was transferred into phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and inoculated in the specific transport, Lander for diagnosis of C. fetus subsp. venerealis and Diamond for T. fetus subsequently. For the diagnosis of infection by Campylobacter fetus subsp. venrealis and Tritrichomonas foetus the samples were submitted to Polymerase Chain Reaction ( PCR) grown in Columbia agar plus antibiotics and Diamond, respectively. There was an occurrence of 1.8% (2/113 ; I.C. 0.2 to 6.2 % ) of positive animals in the microbiological examination with confirmation by PCR, for C. fetus subsp. venerealis. It was observed that 100% of positive samples were from two (2) males from the same herd. No animals were positive for T. foetus. It was not possible to identify risk factors associated with infection. This is the first report of infection with C. fetus subsp. venerealis in buffaloes in Brazil. Despite the low occurrence it is recommended that control measures are adopted, in order to prevent the spread of the agent to other herds. / Objetivou-se com este estudo determinar a ocorrência da infecção por Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis e Tritrichomonas foetus em búfalos no Estado de Pernambuco, Brasil e identificar os possíveis fatores de risco associados às infecções. Foram coletadas amostras biológicas (muco cérvico-vaginal e raspado prepucial) de 113 animais, procedentes de 8 propriedades, de diferentes regiões do Estado. O material biológico coletado foi transferido para solução salina tamponada (PBS) e posteriormente inoculado nos meios de transporte específicos, Lander para diagnóstico de C. fetus subsp. venerealis e Diamond para T. foetus. Para o diagnóstico das infecções por Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis e Tritrichomonas foetus as amostras foram cultivadas em meio ágar columbia acrescido de antibiótico e Diamond, respectivamente. Posteriormente as amostras de PBS foram submetidas à Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR). Para pesquisa de C. fetus subsp. venerealis, observou-se uma ocorrência de 1,8% (2/113; I.C. 0,2 – 6,2%) de animais positivos no exame microbiológico com confirmação pela PCR. Em relação à procedência, observou-se que 100% das amostras positivas pertenciam a dois machos do mesmo rebanho. Na pesquisa de T. foetus nenhum animal foi positivo. Não foi possível identificar os fatores de risco associados às infecções. Este é o primeiro registro da infecção por C. fetus subsp. venerealis em búfalos no Brasil. Apesar da baixa ocorrência recomenda-se que medidas de controle sejam adotadas, com o intuito de evitar a disseminação do agente para outros rebanhos.

Thesis (M Med. (Obstetrics and Gynecology)) --University of Limpopo, 2007. / BACKGROUND: Urogenital fistula is a gynaecological condition which arises as a consequence of an abnormal communication between the urinary system (comprising of ureters, urinary bladder and the urethra) and the vagina. The condition can be classified broadly as congenital or acquired fistula. The former is extremely rare but the latter broad category (acquired fistula); is a common gynaecological condition, which can arise as a result of obstetric, surgical, malignant and radiation causes. The aetiology of urogenital fistulae is dependent on the availability and adequacy of obstetric care, malignancy rates and types of previous pelvic surgery that a woman had undergone. The true incidence of this condition is difficult to ascertain because of the pattern of causes between the developed world and the third world. While fistulae arising from obstetric causes are the predominant ones seen in the developing world, previous surgery is known to be the main cause of 2 fistulae in most middle and high income countries. This is particularly true for many parts of the third world, where the battle against poverty and illiteracy prevent many patients from seeking medical help. Apart from vaginal birth trauma, intervention with the use of forceps/vacuum for assisted vaginal delivery and the need for surgical intervention for delivery by caesarean section, surgical procedures such as hysterectomies and radiation therapy for malignancy are other contributory aetiological factors, for urogenital fistulae. The annual worldwide incidence of urogenital fistulae is estimated to be 50,000 – 100,000 cases with the vast majority of these occurring in the developing world. The consequence of formation of fistula is the resultant urinary incontinence which the patient is subjected to. This often leads to physical and emotional pain, as the woman is rejected by her partner and family, due to the foul smelling product of incontinence. While some have advocated conservative management of this condition with a simple in-dwelling catheter, with the possibility of spontaneous resolution of the fistula, such an approach is known to alleviate the incontinence only in a small number of cases and is dependent on both the aetiological factor, the size of the fistula, as well as the area of the pelvic organ that is involved. Therefore, the 3 vast majority of the fistulae have to be resolved through surgical management. Urogenital fistulae, present a challenge to the gynaecological surgeon and if the condition is left untreated the vulval skin is at considerable risk for ammoniacal dermatitis and vulval excoriation. The occurrence and management of this condition constitutes an increasingly common urogynaecological service at Dr George Mukhari hospital (DGMH). However, despite years of dealing with this condition, there has been no systematic evaluation of this problem in this hospital. It is for this reason that this review was undertaken. OBJECTIVES: The review has focused on establishing both the incidence, the type of fistulae as well as prevailing factors that are associated with occurrence of urogenital fistulae at DGMH. The review also evaluated the success and adequacy of the surgical modalities used at DGMH. DESIGN: It was a retrospective, case-review of urogenital fistulae which were managed over a three-year period . 4 SETTING: The review was conducted at the Dr George Mukhari/MEDUNSA hospital complex – a tertiary referral center, situated approximately 32 kilometers from the city of Pretoria (South Africa). METHODOLOGY: All cases of urogenital fistulae which were managed between 1st June 2003 till 31st May 2006 (3-year review), were included in this review. The records of all patients treated during this period were retrieved for analysis. Information regarding pre-treatment assessment and diagnosis was extracted from each case file and entered into a data collection form. All the cases were managed surgically using either fistula repair, ureteric re-implantation or urinary diversion using the Wallace or Bricker’s technique. Outcome measures for this review were: demographics of the women, history of pregnancy and mode of delivery, types of previous surgical management and causes of the fistulae. Other information gleaned from the files, included past history of radiation therapy, history of treatment for pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and any other treatment for infections. Records (both 5 short-term and long-term) were assessed for post-operative outcomes – i.e. total correction of incontinence. RESULTS: Over the three-year review period, 50 cases of urogenital fistulae were managed at DGMH and all the 50 case files were available for analysis. The ages of the patients ranged widely from 22 to 85 years. Malignant conditions (46% carcinoma of the cervix and 2% of endometrial carcinoma), constituted the majority of all the aetiological factors. This was followed by 26% obstetric causes and 26% caused by previous surgical procedures. The odds ratio for a woman presenting with fistula, having an underlying malignant factor rather than obstetric or previous surgery was 1.8 (95% confidence interval: 1.70 – 2.35). There were 84% vesico-vaginal fistulae (VVF); 14% uretero-vaginal and 2% of urethro-vaginal fistulae. Twenty-two patients (44.9%) had urinary diversion while 6 (12.2%) patients needed ureteric re-implantation and the remaining 18 cases had fistula repair. Three patients with malignancy as aetiological factor, did not undergo surgical correction because of either an underlying cardiac condition or deterioration in their health prior to the operation. Surgical outcome, revealed complete success with a single surgical 6 intervention in 42 cases (85.7%), 3 of which had a nephrostomy, prior to definitive surgical management and 4 patients needed re-laparotomy. Only two patients were reported to have been treated for wound sepsis following surgery. CONCLUSION: Contrary to what is reported in the literature, obstetric cause for urogenital fistulae was over shadowed by the predominance of malignant conditions in our institution. The high success rate achieved with surgical management of fistulae has made this condition, an easily treatable gynecological problem in our hospital

Submitted by GIANCARLO COSTI null (costi.giancarlo@gmail.com) on 2016-08-26T04:26:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese versão final submissão UNESP.pdf: 1498136 bytes, checksum: dce342a5294f8ed176c92af24709db8c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Grisoto (grisotoana@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-08-29T19:55:09Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 costi_g_dr_jabo.pdf: 1498136 bytes, checksum: dce342a5294f8ed176c92af24709db8c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-29T19:55:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 costi_g_dr_jabo.pdf: 1498136 bytes, checksum: dce342a5294f8ed176c92af24709db8c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-27 / Os objetivos do presente estudo foram determinar as características de partos submetidos à intervenção manual e avaliar os efeitos dessa intervenção na taxa de remoção e no desempenho reprodutivo subsequente. Dados de 5.257 partos foram divididos em grupo Controle (n=1.433) e Intervenção (n=3.824). O critério para a intervenção manual nas fêmeas de ordem de parto 1 (OP1) foi determinado pela distocia, enquanto nas demais ordens de parto (OP), somente quando o intervalo entre o nascimento dos leitões foi maior que 10 minutos. Nas fêmeas de OP1, o percentual de partos submetidos à intervenção manual foi de 7,6%. Não houve diferença (P>0,05) na ocorrência de intervenções de acordo com as classes de tamanho de leitegada (<12, 12-15 e >15 leitões). A proporção de intervenção manual foi maior (P<0,05) no 2º trimestre e menor (P<0,05) no 4º trimestre. Não houve diferença (P>0,05) no 1º e 3º trimestres. A proporção de OP1 do grupo intervenção foi maior para partos com ao menos 1 natimorto (P<0,001), na taxa de natimortos (P<0,001) e na taxa de mumificados (P<0,05). Não houve diferença (P>0,05) para nascidos totais (NT) e nascidos vivos (NV). A taxa de remoção foi maior (P<0,001) para o grupo intervenção. A remoção não reprodutiva foi maior (P<0,05) para o grupo intervenção; enquanto a remoção reprodutiva, para o grupo controle (P<0,05). No desempenho reprodutivo subsequente, não houve diferença (P>0,05) entre os grupos para o intervalo desmame-estro (IDE), taxa de retorno ao estro (TRE), taxa de abortamento (TA), taxa de parto (TP), taxa de parto ajustada (TPA), NT, NV, natimortos (NM) e mumificados (MM). Nas fêmeas de ordem de parto maior que 1 (OP>1), a OP2 teve o menor percentual (P<0,001) de intervenção, enquanto a OP6-10, o maior (P<0,001). Não houve diferença (P>0,05) entre os grupos para as fêmeas OP3-5. Na classe de tamanho de leitegada, o grupo controle apresentou um maior percentual (P<0,05) de fêmeas na categoria <12 leitões, enquanto nas leitegadas >15 o grupo intervenção resultou em um maior percentual (P<0,05) de fêmeas. Não houve diferença (P>0,05) entre os grupos para a categoria 12-15 leitões. Quanto à classe período do ano, a proporção de fêmeas do grupo controle foi maior (P<0,001) no 1º trimestre e do grupo intervenção no 3º trimestre (P<0,001). Não houve diferença (P>0,05) no 2º e 4º trimestres. Nas fêmeas de OP>1, não houve diferença (P>0,05) entre os grupos no percentual de fêmeas com pelo menos 1 natimorto. As fêmeas com intervenção apresentaram maior média de OP (P<0,001), NT (P<0,05) e NV (P<0,05). Não foi observada diferença (P>0,05) para NM, MM, taxa de remoção, taxa de remoção reprodutiva e taxa de remoção não reprodutiva. Houve diferença (P<0,001) na OP média das fêmeas removidas. No desempenho reprodutivo subsequente das fêmeas de OP>1, não houve diferença (P>0,05) entre os grupos para as variáveis IDE, TRE, TA, TP, TPA, NT, NV e MM. Foi encontrada diferença apenas nos NM (P<0,05) e média de OP (P<0,001). / The aim of this study were to determine the characteristics of farrowing submitted to manual intervention and evaluate the effects of this intervention on the removal rate and the subsequent reproductive performance. Data from 5,257 farrowing were divided into control group (n=1,433) and intervention group (n=3,824). The criterion for manual intervention in sows on the parity order 1 (PO1) was determined by dystocia while in the other parity orders, (PO) when the interval between the birth of the piglets was higher than 10 minutes. In sows of PO1, the percentage of farrowing submitted to manual intervention was 7.6%. There was no difference (P>0.05) in the event of interventions according to litter size classes (<12, 12-15 and >15 piglets). The proportion of manual intervention was higher (P<0.05) in 2nd quarter and lower (P<0.05) in 4th quarter. There was no difference (P>0.05) on the 1st and 3rd quarters. The proportion of PO1 in the intervention group was higher for farrowing to at least one stillborn (P<0.001), stillborns rate (P<0.001) and mummified rate (P<0.05). There was no difference (P>0.05) for total born (TB) and born alive (BA). The removal rate was higher (P<0.001) for the intervention group. The non-reproductive removal rate was higher (P<0.05) in the intervention group while reproductive removal rate, for the control group (P<0.05). In the subsequent reproductive performance, there was no difference (P>0.05) between groups for weaning to estrus interval (WEI), return to estrus rate (RER), abortion rate (AR), farrowing rate (FR), adjusted farrowing rate (AFR), TB, BA, stillborns (SB) and mummified (MM). In PO sows greater than 1 (PO>1), PO2 had the lowest percentage (P<0.001) while the intervention PO6-10, the greatest (P<0.001). There was no difference (P>0.05) between groups for sows in the OP3-5. In litter size class, the control group had a higher percentage (P<0.05) of sows in the category <12 piglets while in litters >15 intervention group resulted in a higher percentage (P<0.05) of sows. There was no difference (P>0.05) between groups for the category 12-15 piglets. As the class, period of the year, the proportion of sows in the control group was higher (P<0.001) in the 1st quarter and the intervention group in 3rd quarter (P<0.001). There was no difference (P>0.05) on the 2nd and 4th quarters. In sows PO>1, there was no difference (P>0.05) between the groups in the percentage of sows with at least one stillborn. Sows with intervention had higher average of PO (P<0.001), TB (P<0.05) and BA (P<0.05). There was no difference (P>0.05) in SB, MM, removal rate, reproductive removal rate and non-reproductive removal rate. There were differences (P<0.001) in the PO average of removed females. In the subsequent reproductive performance of PO>1 sows, there was no difference (P>0.05) between groups for variables, WEI, RER, AR, FR, AFR, TB, BA and MM. A difference was found only in SB (P<0.05) and PO mean (P<0.001).