À l’époque d’internet, de la littéracie en ligne, des relations faciles sur le plan documentaire et international, comment peut s’expliquer, en Occident, en Europe et particulièrement en France, l’existence et la survivance d’une pratique didactique aussi ancienne que le cours magistral ?On peut penser qu’au-delà de sa fonction première qui est de transmettre du savoir, il a d’autres fonctions et d’autres utilités, qui en justifient l’existence, à côté des autres formes sociales de transmission du savoir, souvent plus commodes et ouvertes. Quelles sont-elles ? Le CM serait finalement un grand inconnu, avec des dimensions explicites connues mais aussi implicites à découvrir, à savoir un canal de la transmission des savoir-penser, un réservoir des valeurs éthiques et morales et enfin une source de repères en vue d’établir un modèle de société.Reste, entre autres, une dernière question sur le plan didactique : Comment préparer ou aider les étudiants à accéder à cette part « sociale » du CM ? C’est à éclaircir ces questions que s’attache cette recherche, par l’étude détaillée de trois CM de disciplines diverses, à savoir la Psychologie de l’adolescence, la Macroéconomie et le Droit civil, enregistrés à l’UJM de St Etienne, transcrits et soumis à une macro puis micro-analyse du discours. / In this era of Internet, of online literacy, of easy linkage via documentation globally, how can we explain an interesting phenomenon in the West, in Europe continent and especially in France, the existence and the persistence of a didactic practice as old as the lecture? We propose that beyond its primary function, which is to transmit knowledge, it has other functions and other utilities. These functions and utilities justify its existence, alongside with other social forms of transmission of knowledge which are often more convenient and open. So what are those functions and utilities? Although the lectures (CM – cours magistral) as a whole would still be a great unknown, there are some known but implicit aspects waiting to be discovered, namely a channel of transmission of knowledge and way of thinking, a reservoir of ethical-moral values and finally a source of benchmarks for a model of society.Among other important questions, there is a particular interesting and useful question on the sociodidactic plan: how to prepare or to help students access this “social” aspect of the lectures?The objective of this research is to clarify the above issues, by the method of detailed study of three lectures from various disciplines, which are Psychology of adolescence, Macroeconomy and Civil Law, recorded at University of Jean-Monnet, Saint-Etienne. These lectures are then transcribed and subjected to macro-analysis and after that also micro-analysis of speech.

À l'époque d'internet, de la littéracie en ligne, des relations faciles sur le plan documentaire et international, comment peut s'expliquer, en Occident, en Europe et particulièrement en France, l'existence et la survivance d'une pratique didactique aussi ancienne que le cours magistral ?On peut penser qu'au-delà de sa fonction première qui est de transmettre du savoir, il a d'autres fonctions et d'autres utilités, qui en justifient l'existence, à côté des autres formes sociales de transmission du savoir, souvent plus commodes et ouvertes. Quelles sont-elles ? Le CM serait finalement un grand inconnu, avec des dimensions explicites connues mais aussi implicites à découvrir, à savoir un canal de la transmission des savoir-penser, un réservoir des valeurs éthiques et morales et enfin une source de repères en vue d'établir un modèle de société.Reste, entre autres, une dernière question sur le plan didactique : Comment préparer ou aider les étudiants à accéder à cette part " sociale " du CM ? C'est à éclaircir ces questions que s'attache cette recherche, par l'étude détaillée de trois CM de disciplines diverses, à savoir la Psychologie de l'adolescence, la Macroéconomie et le Droit civil, enregistrés à l'UJM de St Etienne, transcrits et soumis à une macro puis micro-analyse du discours.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:07:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RhenaRPL_DISSERT.pdf: 3909362 bytes, checksum: f029e7b7cc36efcc9bf1c147e77efed8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-04-17 / The work aims to analyze high school students utterances, in reading diary discursive genre, starting from the language concept proposed by the Bakhtin Circle. The genre in question has peculiar characteristics which justify its choice for this work, especially with regard to subjectivity marks, that reveal, through the ideological clash, positions on various issues. From the utterances selected for the corpus, categories were created, during the research, according to the guidelines of Guba and Lincoln (2006), Mazzotti and Gewandsznajder (1998) and Amorim (2002), for whom the research in human sciences cannot be based on pre-established categories. We consider diary as a discursive genre (BAKHTIN, 2010a), which carries the characteristics of composition, style and content. Other concepts of the Circle, concerning to utterance, dialogical relations, social voices, responsiveness and exotopy also formed the basis for the study. Moreover, during the analysis of the utterances that compose the corpus of research, we used the concepts of discursive polemics (BAKHTIN, 2010b) and Framework (2010a). At the end of the research, we realized that the assessment situation of students, the fact that they are in an institution whose policy follows national documents, based on diversity and plurality, and live together in a classroom space where there are differences of social class, age, and finally, different realities, were not sufficient factors for this diversity be well accepted in their positions. Thus, their utterances bring voices that demonstrated a difficulty in accepting others that are different from themselves. In view of this, we conclude that teachers need to be prepared to handle these discourses, creating strategies for mediating these dissonant voices, with which must make contact every day at school / O trabalho tem como objetivo principal analisar enunciados produzidos por alunos do Ensino M?dio, no g?nero discursivo di?rio de leituras, partindo da concep??o de linguagem proposta pelo C?rculo de Bakhtin. O g?nero discursivo em quest?o possui caracter?sticas peculiares que justificam sua escolha para este trabalho, sobretudo, no que diz respeito ?s marcas de subjetividade, que revelam, por meio do embate ideol?gico, posicionamentos sobre os temas mais diversos. A partir dos enunciados selecionados para o corpus, foram criadas categorias, durante a pesquisa, conforme orienta??es de Guba e Lincoln (2006), Mazzotti e Gewandsznajder (1998) e Amorim (2002), para quem a pesquisa na ?rea de humanas n?o pode basear-se em categorias preestabelecidas. Consideramos o di?rio como um g?nero discursivo (BAKHTIN, 2010a), que traz em si as caracter?sticas de composi??o, de estilo e de conte?do. Outros conceitos do C?rculo, que dizem respeito ao enunciado, ?s rela??es Dial?gicas, ?s vozes sociais, ? responsividade e ? exotopia tamb?m serviram de base para o estudo. Al?m disso, durante a an?lise dos enunciados que comp?em o corpus da pesquisa, utilizamos os conceitos de pol?micas discursivas (BAKHTIN, 2010b) e Enquadramento (2010a). Ao t?rmino da pesquisa, percebemos que a situa??o de avalia??o em que os alunos se encontravam; o fato de estarem em uma institui??o cuja pol?tica segue os documentos nacionais, embasados pela diversidade e pela pluralidade; e conviverem em um espa?o de sala de aula em que h? diversidade de classe social, faixa et?ria, enfim, de realidades diferentes, n?o foram fatores suficientes para que essa diversidade fosse bem aceita em seus posicionamentos. Assim, seus enunciados trazem vozes que demonstravam uma dificuldade em aceitar o outro que ? diferente de si. Diante disso, conclu?mos que os professores precisam estar preparados para lidar com esses discursos, criando estrat?gias para a media??o dessas vozes destoantes, com as quais precisa travar contato cotidianamente no ambiente escolar